Ningbo Opera began in the late Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and was first called "Crosstalk". It is evolved from the folk plays and tunes such as the Tantou Mountain Song, Horse Lantern Tune and Singing News. Mainly circulated in Ningbo, Zhoushan and Ningbo area. Initially, the singers were farmers, craftsmen and other craftsmen in the countryside, singing at temple festivals and celebrations, singing the content of the news and folk life stories, no performance action, no musical accompaniment. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty (1796-1820), under the influence of "Su Tan", it began to have simple performances and huqin accompaniment. After the Daoguang 10th year (1830), there was a business performance called "String Class". In the sixteenth year of Guangxu (1890), several artists went to Ningbo to perform and became popular, and "Crosstalk" was renamed "Ningbo Beach Spring". At one time, it was renamed as "Si Ming Wen Opera", "Yong River Classical", etc. In May 1950, it was officially named Yong Opera. Yong Opera specializes in Qing Opera, modern opera, modern opera, delicate performance, language, singing rich in local characteristics, the content to adapt to the public's thinking and interests, rich in local flavor.
Yao Opera originated in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty (1736-1795). It is mainly popular in the area of Yuyao, Cixi, Shangyu and Shaoxing. It is performed by local peasants and handicraftsmen in groups during the idle season, and there are "Lamp Class", "Lamp Opera", "Crosstalk", "Flower Drums ", "parrot class" and other names. During the Guangxu period (1875-1908), some artists went to Shanghai to perform, influenced by the southern Jiangsu Province and other places of the play, named "Yuyao Beach Spring", whose main characteristics are the performance of the simple, rough, natural, action from life, fast and strong rhythm, dialogue with the language of life, miscellaneous gags. 1953, some of the artists formed the "Yuyao Beach Spring". In 1953, some of the artists formed the "Yuyao Tangling Group", which developed into a troupe in 1956 and was officially named "Yao Opera".
Ninghai Pingtiao Ninghai County local theater. It began in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. It is mainly popular in Ninghai, Xiangshan, Sanmen, Tiantai and Fenghua. Its singing characteristics, performances, accompaniment techniques similar to the Xinchang Gaoqiang, high-pitched and elegant voice, a singing gang, dialogue to the Ninghai written official language, spit words elegant. The original actors were all men, and after the 50s, there were men and women acting together. The repertoire is nearly one hundred, and the content is based on opposing feudalism and eliminating violence.
Siming South words, also known as the Siming instrument, is a pop lyrics category. Mainly popular in the eastern part of Zhejiang Province, is the development of the folk tune, the Qing Daoguang years into the heyday. Generally sung in the form of a hall meeting, playing and singing, mostly three people a file, commonly used instruments to the three strings, yangqin-based, accompanied by pipa, erhu and so on. There are five kinds of lyrics, such as lyric tune, fugue tune, positive fugue, Pinghu, tight Pinghu, etc., commonly known as "five columns of head".
The Ningbo Book of Walking is also known as the Plowshare Book and the Lotus Book. Mainly circulated in Ningbo, Zhoushan, Taizhou area. It was first produced by sharecroppers during farming, and the tunes and instruments were very simple. Until the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, the common tunes were developed to three kinds of tunes, such as Sipingtong, Maotoutong and Fugongtong, which are commonly known as the "Old Three Doors". Later, it was accompanied by the four-stringed huqin, erhu, yueqin, pipa, sanxian and other instruments. Among them, the four-stringed huqin is the unique feature of the music of walking books. At the same time, the form of singing developed from sitting to performing, with a large range of movements, from which the "Ningbo Walking Book" got its name.
The Big Head Monk Dance is widely spread in the suburbs of Ningbo City and Yin County. In the past, during the Spring Festival, the folk dance "Big Head Monk" would go from village to village in the name of "Taipinghui" to celebrate the New Year and pray for blessings. The performance is the paper big head monk deformation mask on the head, by two sub-post people lead the way from household to household sub-post, mouth speak auspicious words, to be the head of household money, will be the New Year's Day post on the door, and then perform the dance, the action mechanical, witty, comical, gongs and drums rhythm of the distinctive, full of joyful atmosphere.
The dragon dance is one of the most widely circulated folk dances in Ningbo. Many places in the countryside of Ningbo have dragon pools, farmers have traditionally danced dragons to pray for wind and rain, the custom of a bumper crop, common in the welcome to the god of the race and a variety of temple fairs. Ningbo dragon colorful, diverse forms, there are cloth dragon, embroidery dragon, double dragon coiled column, knotting dragon, broken tail dragon, small people dragon, grass dragon, etc., generally 9 sections, 12 sections, as many as 18 sections, 24 sections, now as a mass recreational activities, often in the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival and celebratory gatherings and team performances, Fenghua, the Village Village Dragon Dance has participated in a number of provinces, the National Folk Dance Show and won awards.
Lion dance is more popular in Ningbo City, Ninghai County, generally in the first month of the summer calendar or Buddhist-related festivals, dozens of farmers group class, to go to each village to take turns lion dance, in order to show respect for the ancestors to welcome God, to ward off evil spirits and demons. Lion dance has a solo dance, dance, group dance, to three lions *** dance as much as a male and female a child, dance while beating the gongs and drums, in order to perform the "grab five lamps" for the most exciting, that is, in the middle of the field, four corners of the place each with a lamp, lions in the middle of the wild dance, play fight, bite and fight, grab the lamps, surrounded by all the onlookers.
The traditional craft of inlaying bone and wood. Its history can be traced back to more than 1,000 years ago in the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Ming Dynasty, bone and wood inlays are mainly used for furniture carving. In the Qing Dynasty, the Qianlong period, Ningbo's bone wood inlaid craft with its unique local style and exquisite technology known far and wide, was listed as "tribute". In the production method is divided into high inlaid, flat inlaid and mixed inlaid. High inlaid with ivory, boxwood, bamboo, yellow, waxed stone, etc. as the surface of the raw materials, sawing shape, embedded in the wooden blank. Flat inlaid with ivory, bone, screw Dian, wood, etc., in accordance with the pattern of flat embedded in the wood blanks with a carving knife outlined and become. Inlaid with the composition of the "Danqingtu" and "ancient" distinction, the former is similar to the Ming and Qing dynasty customary paintings, the latter is the same as the Han painting, the contents of which to express the theme of good luck, longevity, wealth and prosperity, to the figures, Bogu, landscape flowers and birds as the theme, the products are beds, a few chairs, chairs, kitchen and so on. The products include beds, chairs, chairs, kitchens, and so on.
Vermilion gold wood carving traditional craft. Also known as lacquer gold wood carving. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the craft has reached a high level. It is in the wood carving products based on the cinnabar color as the base, paste gold decorated with color and become, seemingly brilliant. Wood carving to camphor, linden, ginkgo and other high-quality wood as raw materials, the use of relief, carving, round carving and other techniques according to the different objects carved from the subject matter taken from the drama, the shape of simple and vivid, knife deep. Some are exquisite and lifelike, while others are more rugged. Zhu Jin wood carving is mainly used in temples, temples, ancestral halls and other buildings and wooden beds, sedan chairs and other large furniture and statues of gods and so on.
The traditional craft of clay and gold colored lacquer. The history of Ningbo lacquerware can be traced back to the Hemudu culture 7,000 years ago, and the name "mud gold" began in the Shang Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty. The practice is to grind the gold foil into powder and mix it with lacquer, then paint or fill it. Lacquerware is mainly made of wood, but also made of bamboo chips and bamboo weaving. The basic colors of lacquerware are vermillion and black. The traditional production methods include the sunken flower with decorations inside the transparent lacquer film, the flat flower with decorations on the surface of the lacquer film, and the floating flower with decorations on the surface of the lacquer film by means of stacking, inlaying and other techniques, and the floating flower process is the more representative technique in the traditional craftsmanship of Ningbo Lacquer Ware. The decoration of lacquer ware is mainly in gold, and there are such techniques as tracing gold, pasting gold, piling gold, chasing gold, opening gold, flat gold, etc., and the themes are birds and flowers, figures in landscape and auspicious patterns, etc.
Golden Lacquer Ware is the most popular form of lacquer ware in Ningbo, and it has been used for many years.
Gold and silver color embroidery, also known as "antique color", is a fine product of traditional Ning embroidery. Ning embroidery is regarded as one of the six famous embroideries in China, together with Hunan embroidery, Suzhou embroidery, Beijing embroidery, Guangdong embroidery and Shu embroidery. The gold and silver color embroidery adopts various colors of silk fabric as raw material, and is embroidered with gold and silver threads around the color embroidery and plain embroidery patterns. It is ancient in color and rich in splendor. The background color is mainly dark, mainly dark red, dark blue, dark green, diaphanous, rust red, coffee, etc. The production process can be divided into three categories: net embroidery, gold embroidery, pad gold embroidery. Themes include dragon and phoenix, flowers and birds. Mainly used for embroidered clothes, cushions, tablecloths, bedspreads, soft bags and other household items.
Ningbo grass mats are called Ming mats (Ningbo is known as Mingzhou) and Yong mats (Ningbo is called Yong for short), which are commonly known as "slippers" and "mats". It is made of the grass produced in the area of Huanggulin in the western township of Ningbo, and is woven with white linen or green linen as the warp thread. Ningbo grass mat texture precision, thick and sturdy, rigid and elastic, soft and smooth, can dissipate heat and cooling, convenient collection, durable, padding, packing, hanging doors and windows can be used.
Ningbo straw hat Ningbo City, western suburbs and Cixi, Yinxian, Yuyao, many women in rural areas good woven straw hat, often as a family side business. Cixi Changhe Township, the hometown of straw weaving the best of the golden straw hat, light as a cloud, bright as snow, beautiful and practical, bleached and dyed, embroidery painting, decoration, can be matched with the fashion, both sunshade supplies, but also decorative handicrafts. Straw hat according to the raw material points, there are gold, straw, Vitek, salty grass, mat grass, long grass, yellow grass, cockle grass, paper grass, yellow cauliflower leaves, Lefebvre grass and so on more than 10 kinds of annual output of more than 20 million tops, in addition to the mat grass hat more than 5 million tops of the domestic sales, more than semi-finished products exported from foreign countries according to the popular fashion clothing design hat type, with decorative input into the market.
Ningbo Bamboo Ningbo is the hometown of the bamboo weaving, the Sibing Mountain abounds in bamboo, history of bamboo preparation of a variety of simple and practical baskets, baskets, woven mats, baskets, cages and so on. Ming and Qing dynasty Jiangnan examiners to Beijing examination basket, food basket are bamboo, now Yinxian, Fenghua, Yuyao mountains have dozens of countryside bamboo weaving factory, workers make good use of gabion, gabion, skillfully compiled into a God-shaped cool, fun and interesting variety of animals, and the traditional cans, baskets, boxes, trays and combine them, made of chicken cans, ducks tray, owl boxes, flower pots set, vases, waste paper baskets, etc., both practical, but also ornamental, best-selling overseas.
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Dragon boat racing is a folk custom in the water town. Ningbo's dragon boat race is generally held on the fifth day of the fifth month and August 16th of the lunar calendar every year. The former is rumored to be the patriotic poet of the State of Chu, Sanlvdao Qu Yuan cast the day of the Buro River, paddling a dragon boat, said people competing to rescue. The latter is the Mid-Autumn Festival in Ningbo. In addition to holding temple fairs, dragon boat racing can increase the atmosphere of holiday entertainment. In the old days, the city of Ningbo dragon boat race is mainly held in the east of Zhang Bin bridge in Jiangdong pond river, yinxian's east Qianhu's dragon boat is the most prestigious. The dragon boat is divided into green dragon, yellow dragon, white dragon, etc., dragon (boat) head high, rowing clothes and boat with the same color, a person standing in front of the boat to knock the gong command, a gunshot, the dragon boat, drums and gongs and the shore to watch the crowd shouting, the scene is very enthusiastic, the first to the end of the winner.
Liang Shanbo Zhu Yingtai story Liang Zhu folklore, first seen in the North and South Dynasties Liang Yuan Di (552 ~ 555), the book "Golden Witch Hazel". The late Tang Dynasty's "Xuan Room Zhi" has a more detailed description: in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Shangyu clan's Zhu Yingtai, a woman who dressed up as a man to study, was a classmate of Liang Shanbo, who was a member of the Huiji family, for three years. After Zhu Yingtai returned home, Liang Shanbo went to visit Zhu's family the following year, only to realize that she was a woman, and begged for a job, but Zhu had already promised Ma's son. After Shanbo for the county magistrate, diligent and loving people, died in office, buried in? He died in office and was buried in the west of the city. After Zhu Yingtai passed Shanbo's tomb, cried out in pain, and the tomb cracked, Zhu jumped into Liang's tomb to be buried with him. Song "qian dao si ming tu jing" in the "righteous woman mound" and Liang Zhu story records. Now ningbo xixiang, yinxian gaoqiao town has LiangZhu joint tomb and LiangShanBo temple. Ningbo has "if the husband and wife to the same old, Liang Shanbo Temple to a to" proverb. Now the story of Liang Zhu is circulated in various art forms such as film, drama and opera, with a very wide range, involving Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hebei, Shanxi and other provinces, and spreading to European and American countries, known as the Oriental "Romeo and Juliet". There are 9 Liang Zhu's graves and 5 "reading places" in the country, but only one Liang Shanbo Temple in Ningbo.
August 16th Mid-Autumn Festival all over the country to the 15th of the eighth month of the lunar calendar for the Mid-Autumn Festival, but Ningbo to sixteen for the Mid-Autumn Festival. After its origin, there are two ways of saying: one said that the end of the yuan, jiangsu and zhejiang left chancellor, lieutenant fang guozhen to change his birthday; one said that the southern song dynasty chancellor, yinxian people shi hao mother's birthday for the sixteen day, so it is easy. Qing Yuan Jun's poem "Peak birthday mother easy mid-autumn, seven hundred years in the popularity of still left. From now on, it is not time to race, family sixteen to see the dragon boat. Every Mid-Autumn Festival, family reunion, catching the gods, watching the dragon boat, eating moon cakes, but also give each other moon cakes. Ningbo mooncake to moss, water Chang mooncake see strong, distinctive flavor.
Ningbo cuisine Ningbo is located on the coast of the East China Sea, seafood famous inside and outside, to steam, grill, stewed seafood long, distinctive, light form, heavy real flavor, fresh and salty, delicious, Ningbo nickname "rice". Most of the cooking production to take steam, braising, especially pay attention to the fire, knife skills, pay great attention to color, aroma and taste. Ningbo ten famous dishes for ice sugar turtle, pick the bones of the pot roasted river eel, moss and vegetables small square grilled, moss and vegetables dragged yellowtail, rotting skin wrapped yellowtail, net oil wrapped foie gras, lotus leaf steamed meat, yellowtail sea cucumber soup, colorful butterfly all yellowtail, fried eel back. Especially ice sugar turtle, pot roasted river eel for Ningbo's traditional dishes of the most...?
Qiuai pickles Ningbo specialty. Produced in Yinxian Dongxiang Qiuai town, with potherb mustard pickle. Potherb mustard planted in winter and harvested in spring, pickling based on how much salt to stagger the listing season. Qiuai pickles yellow color, fragrant, tender, fresh, slightly acidic characteristics, can generate fluids and appetizers, can be fried, boiled, grilled, stewed, steamed, raw, with dishes, do soup, do stuffing. Doing ingredients can solve the fishy, in addition to greasy, "pickles yellow fish" for Ningbo famous dishes, as the saying goes, "three days do not eat pickle soup, two legs feel sour. Qiuai pickles have nearly a hundred years of history, in recent years, Qiuai vacuum-packed food factory to improve the production of pickles hygiene equipment and fresh storage, so that it sells well at home and abroad.
Ningbo lard soup dumplings Ningbo people over the Spring Festival, have eaten lard soup dumplings custom, the first day of the first month, every family eat soup dumplings, soup dumplings round, symbolizing reunion. Ningbo soup dumplings skin thin and silky, white and shiny color, glutinous and not sticky, the entrance flow filling, oil hot sweet, a unique feature. Ningbo city has opened "Ningbo soup dumplings store" and "jar duck dog" soup dumplings store, in recent years also exported frozen Ningbo lard soup dumplings to Hong Kong, Macao and Europe. Ningbo soup dumplings?
Xikou lasagna is a specialty of Ningbo. The production of strict ingredients, choose white sesame, winter moss, local wheat flour, sugar, oil and mix according to the ratio, baking temperature should be moderate, crispy but not burnt, each cake 27 layers. Crisp and unusual, salty and sweet, full of teeth fragrance.
Yuyao plums Ningbo specialty. Flesh fine and soft, sweet and mellow, shape like a pearl and color like agate. There are four major categories: white, pink, red, and black, and the water chestnut species is the best of the black species, because it is purple-black when it matures, like water chestnuts and its name. Yangmei season is shorter, early summer red species of early big species first mature, white species of crystal Yangmei the latest listing, commonly known as "summer solstice Yangmei full of red, summer Yangmei to be out of the worm". Yangmei shape is lovely, the juice is fresh and clean and delicious, the flavor is sweet like honey, as a seasonal fruit, there are many varieties. After processing, there are candied prunes, prune drinks, prune sauce, sugar water prunes, etc. Prune juice has the effect of generating fluids, quenching thirst, and dispelling summer heat, and prune wine is a good product to dispel summer heat. Yuyao prunes are one of the "famous, special, excellent and rare" commodity bases invested by the Ministry of Agriculture of China during the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, and Cixi is also an important place of origin of prunes.
Zhebeimu is a specialty of Ningbo. It is a kind of shellfish, because it is produced in Zhejiang Province, so it is called "Zhejiang shellfish", also known as "big shellfish". Originally from Xiangshan, Yin County, Ningbo City, is a famous economic specialty and valuable Chinese medicinal herbs, also known as "Elephant shellfish", for the "Zhejiang eight flavors" one. Mother of pearl is slightly cold, sweet and bitter taste, the main treatment of cold and fever, cough on the gas, and the five viscera, bone marrow, anti-inflammatory, moistening the heart and lungs, and anti-inflammatory swelling, treatment of hemorrhoids, carbuncle joints and swollen toxins and other effects. Yinxian Zhang village around the abundance of production, planted in the second half of the year, harvested in May of the following year, Yinxian Yinjiang Bridge production accounted for 70% of the whole of Zhejiang Province, is known as "the township of Zhejiang shellfish".
Eat open-air rice
The second day of February, in the old days, women gathered with rice and cooking utensils to go to the countryside, set up wok stoves to burn rice, but also go to steal cut the farmyard vegetables cooked soup, commonly known as the "February 2 to eat open-air rice", said to eat after the people will be smart, the countryside said to eat "Tianye soup! ". Before eating, some rice on or thrown on the roof tiles, let the sparrows eat, tell the sparrows to send a message to the Hundred Flowers Maiden, praying for the spirit of Cong.
Wrapped red nails
July, Fengxian flowers (Ningbo, called "full red") bloom, the girl pounded the flower juice to dye the ring finger and pinky, and then developed into a full ten fingers dyed, so-called "wrapped red nails". Package method, with a full of red flowers mixed with a little alum mashed, before going to bed with bean leaves or summer cloth wrapped nails, so three or four times the color is deep red, there are also white flowers wrapped into jade white. The color of the short-term washing does not go, day long gradual retreat, so attractive like. It is rumored that the hand wrapped red nails, pickles, amaranth stock, stinking winter melon is not easy to bad, such as can be extended until the first of the first month of the following year does not fade, can make the elderly look at the eyes will not be dim, but also speak of God.
Make rice cakes
Each family makes rice cakes and rice ghosts after entering December, and the early ones have begun in late November. In the countryside, each family lined up a good day, in addition to asking the rice cake master (farmers), more help each other. There are two types of rice cakes, one is ground dry powder and the other is ground water powder. Ningbo rice cake is smooth and delicate, long immersion is not paste, in the past to Lianghu rice rice cake, the bottom of the water clear rice cake is famous, today to Cicheng rice cake is better. Rice cake, thanks to the year must be provided, eat New Year's Eve dinner must eat. Yin City twelve months of Bamboo Branch Lyrics: "December busy New Year's Eve to, door to door to do rice cakes; send the year to send the stove thing before, and then the door god paste a round."