The goal of teaching ancient poetry is to cultivate students' interest in ancient literature and to stimulate their motivation to learn the language, so that they can further understand the work and learn the knowledge.
The teaching process is a process of bilateral activities between teachers and students, which should be student-oriented and teacher-led. We adhere to this principle, in the process of teaching ancient poetry to the students learning as the main, teacher guidance as a supplement, a new attempt.
Take some of the ancient poems in the language textbooks as an example to illustrate the "five-step teaching method of ancient poetry".
Overall, the teaching method is divided into five major links, namely, read the whole poem familiarly - through the general idea - memorization and understanding - write appreciation words
The following is an example of a poem that is written in the style of "I have heard that the official army has taken over Henan and Hebei", "Sending Yuan Er to make Anxi", and "Tianjingsha. Autumn Thoughts" as an example for specific instructions:
The first step is to familiarize yourself with the poem: this step is mainly placed on the reading. Teachers can model reading, lead reading, and then students read aloud, the teacher pointed out the notes and problems in the process of reading aloud. For example, the pause of syllables, the correction of word sound, and so on. Ancient poems have both whole and loose. The whole is harmonious and neat, and the scattered is in perfect order. There is a sense of rhythm and musical beauty in reading. Teachers should have solid basic skills of reading aloud, do a good job of reading prompts, demonstration of reading aloud, and read out the teacher's flavor with abundant feelings. Lead reading must be standardized to achieve the purpose of triggering students' interest.
The second step is to understand the meaning of the poem: this step focuses on the understanding of the general meaning of the poem. Teachers should introduce the writing background of the poem, the author's life and other relevant general knowledge to help students understand the meaning of the poem. For some difficult words and phrases, teachers can explain them appropriately, but they should not explain them in too much detail, so as not to create an unnecessary burden for students. What the students should do is to understand the meaning of the poem on the basis of familiarization and the teacher's explanation, and to further appreciate the subtleties of the poem.
For example, `Wen the Official Army Collects Henan and Hebei' is a work of Du Fu, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty. The poem was written in the spring of 763 (the first year of Emperor Daizong Guangde). In the first month of that year, Shi Chaoyi hanged himself, and his general Li Huaixian chopped off his head and offered it to him, ending the An Shi Rebellion. Du Fu is a love of the motherland and suffered through the loss of the poet, heard the news, can not help but surprise crazy, hands dancing, rushing mouth to sing this seven rhymes.
The whole poem is full of emotion, everywhere permeated with the word "happy", and expresses the author's infinite joy and excitement. Then in the individual words and phrases to explain. Then the students read the words, talk about their understanding of the meaning of the words, the teacher to guide the correction. Finally, the teacher can briefly through the meaning of the words, indicating the center of its ideological content. This section is suitable for the more difficult to understand ancient poems.
The third step of memorization and understanding: this step is mainly completed by the students, the teacher only plays a role in guiding, pointing out, supervising, the students in the process of memorization of the problem, the teacher should be found and corrected in a timely manner. The form of memorization can take the method of random check, group memorization, and whole class memorization. Students are required to deepen their understanding of the connotation of the poem in the process of memorization. For example, when reciting Ma Zhiyuan's Tianjingsha. Autumn Thoughts", the poem is just a few lines, written out "a song for the ages". Students alas recite, can think while reciting, in the mind sketched out a "traveler homesickness" of the autumn evening, in the second part of the initial understanding of the poem on the basis of the meaning of the poem, to be carefully speculated on, taste. The fourth step is to write an appreciation of the words: this step is more demanding than the above three steps, but not too high. Most of the students will write their own appreciation words after they have read and recited the poem, understood the meaning of the poem and tasted it again and again. "Appreciation words" is a modern poetic interpretation of the ancient poem, which can also be written in a beautiful prose style. For a few students who are less advanced, it is sufficient for them to be able to write the general idea of the poem in a coherent manner.
Some students made the following appreciation of "Sending Yuan Er to Envoy Anxi":
The poet's first brushstrokes rendered a bright, fresh and moist and soothing environment for the farewell. A light rain, a wash of the dusty turbidity of the past, the road is also moist as crisp, "guest house" more green, "willow" more green, the feeling of farewell is more intense. A few short words, clearly point out the farewell time - early morning, farewell place - Wei Cheng, farewell environment - "the guest house green willow color New". It is as if the heavens have created a wet, clean and refreshing morning for the friend who is traveling away from home, and set up a big background for the farewell scene later on.
The poet did not describe the farewell scene in the last two lines, nor did he describe the deep feelings of farewell, but he intercepted a close-up shot of the farewell banquet to persuade the wine. "I urge you to drink a cup of wine", this cup of wine in any case is to drink, because "out of the west Yangguan" on "no old man". After leaving the Yangguan Pass, there is no old friend of the "gentleman", and the poet himself is not the same? Intercepting the farewell banquet is about to end of the persuasion words, condensing the deep feelings of parting in the wine, the pen is extraordinary. A cup of wine, a cup of love, the cup is dry, but the love is difficult to end. A "more" word, a "full" word, full of the deep friendship between friends. Especially in the last sentence, the poet does not talk about the sadness of the friends who are far away, and does not write about the sadness of the separation, but to use "the west out of the Yangguan no old man" this implicit euphemism, rich and deep sigh to write the feelings of parting, the more one tastes, the more one feels that the rhyme goes on and on.
Other poems can be written according to the students' own experience of the poem. The advantage of this is that it can deepen their understanding and impression of the work. The session is also a student activity.
Step 5 Consolidate the experience: after completing one of the above four links, students have already tasted the ancient poems. Now without being forced, they are also happy to recite. Then this last step is not limited to classroom teaching above. Repeatedly reciting and then consolidating at leisure, having learned and appreciated the beautiful work as much as singing a song, gradually they will imprint the poems learned in class into their minds. This is an infinite amount of tonic to the student's mind.
To this point, the five-step method of teaching ancient poetry can be said to be completed. ;