During our trip to the 10 Balkan countries, we entered Bulgaria from northern Macedonia, visited the Lila Monastery, and then went to Sofia, Kazanlek and Bolshoy Ternovo to get a preliminary understanding of Bulgaria's geography and history. It is located in southeastern Europe and the eastern Balkans. Romania crosses the Danube River in the north, Serbia and northern Macedonia in the west, Greece and Turkey in the south and the Black Sea in the east.
Thracians are the oldest inhabitants of Bulgaria. In 68 1 year, thracians, Slavs and ancient Bulgarians established the Slavic Bulgarian Kingdom in the Danube Valley, which is called the first Bulgarian Kingdom in history. 10 18 was occupied by Byzantium. 1 185 the second bulgarian kingdom was established. 1396 was annexed by the Ottoman Turkish Empire. 1878 turkey was defeated in the Russian-Turkish war and Bulgaria declared its independence. Bulgaria was defeated in both world wars. 1944 In September, the People's Republic of Bulgaria was founded, and the Bulgarian Production Party has been in power for a long time. 1990165438+1October, the country name was changed to Bulgaria.
The trip to Grand Ternovo was impressive. It is one of the earliest human settlements in Bulgaria and one of the three ancient capitals of Bulgaria. The city is guarded by two cliffs, one is Sharowitz, the other is Zicha, and the other is Trapet. The Yangtze River, a tributary of the Danube, passes around the mountain. The most famous building here is Sharowitz Castle, which is surrounded by water on three sides, and only one side is connected with the city with a long stone bridge, so it is easy to defend but difficult to attack. Through the wide and heavy stone bridge, through the mottled doorway, the mountain gradually rises, and broken walls can be seen everywhere. On the top of the hill stands a magnificent church.
Bolshoy Ternovo witnessed many important events in history. It was here that the Assen brothers, the Bulgarian aristocrats, rose up and organized armed forces to break away from the Byzantine Empire. 1 185, the second kingdom of Bulgaria was established with its capital here. Charevitz Castle was the imperial palace of that year. There are magnificent palaces, towers and heavy city walls, and archaeological discoveries have been made of grain depots, bakeries, wine cellars, large pools and the king's mausoleum. It is said that there are more than 400 houses and 40 churches. The kingdom lasted for more than 200 years, and the Ottoman army besieged it for more than three months before it was broken, and it lasted for another three years before it conquered the whole kingdom. And the resistance centered on this has never stopped. In the Russian-Turkish war, Russian troops occupied Bolshoy Ternovo, where Bulgaria also declared its independence. Of course, the Ottoman army has burned down the palace after the occupation, and what we see can only be regarded as ruins. The church on the top of the mountain was rebuilt by 1985.
Visiting the nearby Abernathy Village (a world cultural heritage in the travel itinerary, a travel agency), I didn't see the World Heritage logo on the spot, and I didn't find any more information, so I was temporarily suspicious and waited for someone to see me. I saw many details of the residential building in Ternovo and found that the building materials here are mostly stone and wood. The roof is tiled, the lower part of the wall is made of stone, the upper part is made of wood, and the doors and windows are also made of wood. I have never seen anything made of bricks. There seems to be an obvious Ottoman style.
I feel that Big Ternovo is quite similar to the mountain city of Chongqing in China, with red roofs and white walls and overlapping bedstead houses. According to the mountain situation, dense houses spread from the mountainside to the valley. The roads in the city have to climb up and down the ridge, winding. From time to time, you will encounter surprises when you walk, such as bumping into Confucius Institute and encountering fancy shops (but generally speaking, although Bulgaria is a member of the European Union, it is not convenient for tourists to shop in euros, and most shops still recognize the Bulgarian currency Lev. Now nearly five years have passed, I hope things will change. The biggest surprise is the beauty all over the street.
There was a great regret in the previous trip, that is, I went to Kazanlek Rose Valley hopefully, but due to the inaccurate calculation of time, all the rose beauties did not show their faces, only the green leaves disappeared and they were extremely depressed. I didn't expect to fall into the rose valley of the city in Ternovo-beautiful women, old and young, all wore embroidered dresses in national costumes, with roses in their hair, or wearing rose headdresses, which turned the whole city into a flowing rose garden and a flowing national costume museum, which provoked friends to shoot enough.
I read an expert's article about Bulgarian national costume, which can be divided into work clothes, formal clothes and holiday clothes. Styles can be divided into one-piece skirts, two-piece skirts, sleeveless tweed robes and women's coats, white men's wear and black men's wear. Red, white and black are the most basic and main colors of their clothes.
Apron is the most distinctive decoration of women's clothing, and its colors are mostly red, orange and green. They think red can exorcise evil spirits, which is very similar to China folk customs! Clothing decoration mainly focuses on the chest, cuffs and hem. In terms of decoration technology, embroidery, hook embroidery, patchwork, ribbon decoration and fabric decoration are mainly used.
The people here are warm and friendly, and we are very welcome to take pictures. A 60-year-old woman invited a handsome old guy, Miss Zhang, to dance with her and won a round of applause.