Ansei Waist Drums is a unique folk large-scale dance art form with a history of more than 2000 years. The unique charm of Ansai Waist Drums is like a wild ride on the loess land, showing the simple and bold character of the farmers on the loess plateau in northwest China and spreading out the unique artistic personality.
The performance has been shown in Beijing, the capital of China, Hong Kong, and other parts of China, and has attracted the attention of the world. The bold and rugged changes in movement and the vigorous and vigorous dance posture fully reflect the simple and honest personality of the people of the northern Shaanxi Plateau and their bravery and courage.
As early as 1986, Ansai waist drum won the first Chinese folk dance competition, the highest honor - the Grand Prize, in recent years, it has been in the 11th Asian Games opening ceremony, Hong Kong's return to the celebration of large-scale activities such as performances, and went to Japan to perform. Ansai waist drum performance can be carried out by several or thousands of people together, majestic momentum, exquisite performance is intoxicated, known as the world's first drum.
Ansei waist drum
Ansei waist drums have a long history, this is an ancient military to increase morale and pass the information used, here is used to express the victory of the cheers and the joy of the harvest. The sound of the drums is quite dense, strong pace, changing formations, strong shouts, showing the masculine beauty of men, in the international community is extremely prestigious...
The Ansai Waist Drum is a unique folk large-scale dance art form with a history of more than 2,000 years. The unique charm of Ansai Waist Drums is like a raging wind on the loess land, showing the simple and bold character of the farmers on the loess plateau in northwest China and flaunting a unique artistic personality. It has been displayed in Beijing, the capital of China, in Hong Kong, and all over China, and has attracted the attention of the world. The bold and rugged changes in movement and the vigorous and vigorous dance fully reflect the simple and honest personality of the people of the northern Shaanxi Plateau and their courageous and ferocious character. As early as 1986, Ansai waist drum won the first Chinese folk dance competition, the highest honor award, in recent years, it has been in the 11th Asian Games opening ceremony, Hong Kong's return to the celebration of large-scale activities such as performances, and went to Japan to perform. Ansai waist drum performance can be performed by several or thousands of people together, majestic momentum, exquisite performance is intoxicated, known as "the world's first drum". 1996, Ansai County was named by the Ministry of Culture as "China's hometown of waist drums"
Ansai Waist Drum
"Waist Drum" is a form of folk dance widely circulated in northern Shaanxi, especially in Ansei County in Yan'an area, Yulin area, Hengshan, Mibi, Yulin and other places are most prevalent, and it is one of the folk dances of Shaanxi that has a great influence -.
Shaanxi waist drum has a broad mass base and a long history of development. In some of the main circulating areas, almost every village has a drum team and every family has a drummer. And it has been passed down from generation to generation, and has never failed. Because of its long circulation, wide range, the number of participants, so the basic form of the dance and rhythm, although roughly the same, but in different areas, the formation of their own different performance styles and customs. The Ansai Waist Drum is one of the representative ones.
Ansei waist drums are mostly performed collectively, and the drummers (called "satchel drums" or "kick drums") are as few as dozens of people, and as many as a hundred or more. The team includes pulling the flower female corner, umbrella head, savage mother-in-law, savage Han and other roles, and "running donkey', "water boat", and other small programs such as the composition of the vast and mighty folk dance team. In the performance emphasizes the overall effect, requires the action of the neat unity and formation changes in the normative, mainly through the drummers bold and rugged dance and powerful drumming skills, fully demonstrated in the man born on the Loess Plateau men's masculine beauty.
Ansei waist drum has a complete performance program and activity customs. In the past, it was performed in festivals and temple fairs, and the annual Spring Festival to the Lantern Festival is the centralized activity time. Before the start of the event, the president of the temple (elected by the village) to organize sacrificial activities, known as "visit the temple": the dance team under the umbrella head, beat up the gongs and drums, blowing the oboe, and sometimes carry a whole pig whole sheep and other offerings to the temple to burn incense to the gods, praying for the gods blessed with good weather and prosperity of the country and people's peace. And in the temple square kicking and punching for a while, intended to entertain the gods. "Visit the temple" end, the first eight or nine after the first month, the drum team will begin the door to the New Year activities, commonly known as "along the door. There is a local proverb: "gongs and suona straight sound miles, buttocks under the stick pry miles!" The masses could not sit still. At this time, the waist drum team according to the situation in the village in order to walk around the house, in the courtyard of the main house, kiln performance for a while, the umbrella head according to the situation of each family, touching the scene to sing a few auspicious rice-planting songs to express the intention of the New Year's greetings. The host family believes that the waist drum team into the yard into the house, beating, jumping and singing, can eliminate disasters and disasters, peace in all seasons. This may be the ancient "townspeople Nuo" customary legacy. Sometimes two teams of waist drums on the way to meet, generally by the umbrella head of each other singing rice-planting songs, *** congratulations on the New Year, make way and go, but sometimes there will be a mutual failure to give way to the situation, at the moment we have to compete in the art of competition, to compete for a high and low. The drums and gongs of the two teams were in full swing, and the sound of suona and waist drums was like the rolling of spring thunder. Drummers beat and jump as much as they like, like crazy, to the climax, the drumming stops for a while, the umbrella head of the two sides appear to sing to each other, which is also an aspect of the competition skills. Until there is a team of the first corner of the chaos, action is not unanimous, drums, formations are not unified to a piece or the song on the answer, even if the loss, and then take the initiative to make way for the winner to go first.
"Along the door" after the end of the neighboring villages between the waist drum team will have to pay their respects to each other, each other visit, the exchange of performances, which is the same as the Shanxi rice-planting song, called "take color door". The first month of the fifteenth, the village drum team gathered in the square, began to compete with each other than each other activities. Drummers from all walks of life show their skills and compare each other's strengths and weaknesses, becoming the culmination of the year's waist drumming performances. This is not only active rural Spring Festival recreational activities, but also through each other to observe and learn from each other, promote the popularization and improvement of the waist drum. That night will also be held "turn the lights" (also known as "turn nine qu"), almost everyone is competing for the tour, the whole family with the turn. At that time, drums and music, lights flashing, waist drum team in front of the guide, followed by the crowd, presenting a lively and extraordinary scene.
The activities of the drum team often continue until the 17th or 18th day of the first month of the lunar calendar, and end only after sacrificing to the God of the Land. After that, the townspeople went to prepare for the spring plowing.
The performance of the drums can be broadly categorized into "road drums" and "field drums".
"Road drums" is a form of performance in which the drum team walks and dances while marching, led by two umbrella heads, followed by a dance team consisting of sidecar drummers and pulling flowers B - umbrella head followed by a sidecar drummer, called "head of the road drums," he is bound to be a skilled drummer. He must be a skillful drummer, and he commands the whole team's movements and rhythms. The back of the team, is dressed up as a barbarian woman, barbarian clowns, some dressed up as the Monkey King, Pigsy and other characters in the Tang Monk scriptures, twisting at will, teasing and making fun to add to the joyful atmosphere of the festival. "Road drums" due to the performance in the march, the general action is simple, small amplitude, mostly do "cross step", "walk step", "horse step around the waist? and other movements. Commonly used formations are "single street", "double street", "single dragon tail", "double dragon tail" and so on.
"Field drums" refers to the performance of the waist drum team arrived at the performance site, open the field after the performance form. At the beginning, the head of the umbrella waved the umbrella, and then the drums and music sounded, and the dancers danced with the head of the umbrella. This section is called "stepping on the field", performing at a slow pace, the purpose is to open the field, open the team, and stabilize the audience's mood. The second part of the song and dance, the performance of the tempo gradually faster, the action amplitude is larger, the formation changes a lot. Commonly used formations are "Divine Building", "Ancient Temple", "Hanging Gold Medal in front of God", "Fortune Keeping Head", "Monk's Tour of the Gate" and so on. To the introduction of the "sun arc" pattern, umbrella head stood to the center of the field to lead the singing of rice-planting songs, singing depending on the occasion and the object, "visit the temple", there are temple offerings, the general performance of the New Year's greetings to the audience, there are also celebrating the harvest and wishing good luck and other content. Umbrella head singing, the dancers at the edge of the field in slow circles, and repeat the last sentence of each section of the catch-singing, commonly known as "catch the sound". After singing, the umbrella head exits the venue, and the satchel drums and flower pulling enter the show, coming out of a variety of complex and changing formations. At this moment is not limited by time, the dancers to show their skills, passionate emotions, ups and downs, so that the performance reached a climax.
In recent years, in order to emphasize the skills of the satchel drums, Ansai Waist Drums performs the "field drums" by the satchel drums in the field alone. Drummers in the head of the drums under the command of the drummer, the spirit of exhilaration, drums dancing wildly, at this time only to see the drumsticks waving, colorful silk flying, drums, such as thunder, shocking the earth, the sound force is compelling, extremely infectious.
After the end of this section, then interspersed with the performance of other forms of small field programs, such as "donkey", "water boat", "stilts", " two ghosts fighting", "big head monk" and so on. The number of program forms depends on the talents and conditions of each village. After the end of the small show, a big show of waist drums follows. At this moment, the gongs and drums are beaten quickly, the suona is blown tightly, the drumming is more intense, and the mood is more cheerful, so that the whole show ends in a strong atmosphere and high emotions.
Ansei Waist Drums are based on different styles and rhythms of the original cultural and martial arts, "cultural waist drums" are relaxed and happy, dashing and lively, with a small range of movements, similar to the style of rice-planting songs; "martial waist drums" are cheerful and fierce, rough and unrestrained, and have a large kicking and punching, Jumping and rotating movements, especially the drummer's aerial leaping skills, giving people a martial, exciting feeling. At present, the waist drums of Wen and Wu are gradually combined to form a new style, and the two places of Xihekou Township and Zhenwudong in Ansei have the most characteristic features. They vividly reflect the naive and simple temperament and character traits of the local people. Especially in the performance, and organic blend of folk martial arts and rice-planting dance movements, relaxation and tension, alive and not chaotic, in and out of order, majestic, strong. The masses praise it as "generous style code hard". Ansai waist drum style characteristics can be summarized as follows:
1. Through the changes in the rhythm of the expression of the dancer's inner passion. Dancers can not help but slightly shaking their heads and shoulders when they hit the drums, so that the inner feelings and the outer rhythms of the organic combination of both God and shape, harmony and ease;
2. Dancers swinging the drumstick have a hard, whether it is up to hit, hit the bottom or wrap the waist to hit the drumstick with both hands to be thrown away. But although hard but not barbaric, it seems to be upright and thick, and still does not lose its sense of finesse;
3. When doing kicks and jumps, whether it's a big kick, a small kick, or stomping action, there should be a stock of "brute" strength. Rhythmic, difficult, on behalf of the Ansai waist drum rough and bold, strong and spicy style;
4. Drumming and turning is the key to the performance of the Ansai waist drum. In the dance, all squatting, kicking action will turn around, turn around must be fierce, especially to do air jumping landing squatting, turning around, while starting a set of action combinations, must be in a fixed beat, the use of rapid force in order to complete the action of the changes and connections;
5. The complexity of the form of the movement, jumping amplitude is large. With the acceleration of the rhythm of the performance, the foot began to complex kicking and jumping, and increase the amplitude of the body swinging from side to side. Such as doing "horse stomp", "even turn", "horse jump" and other actions, the dancers use the lunge backward jumping twice, and then the left leg stride forward, the right leg stomps and rises, the potential as a dragon and tiger leaping. The momentum is like a dragon leaping over a tiger, showing a state of mind of tenacity and hard work.
Satchel drums dress dress and traditional opera. In the martial arts in the similar, wearing black tight qua; head wearing a straw hat circle; wear beard, face to red, eyebrows to thick, when the performance of the beard to swing open. With the change of time, the dancer's costume is also changing. In recent years, the waist drum costume in the area of West Hekou Township, has been close to life, and Zhenwudong waist drum team's costume; still retains the ancient warrior's dress, head tie hero scarf, waist girdle war skirt, foot stirrups red tasseled shoes, rather like the ancient battlefield soldiers and generals.
Ansei waist drums in addition to the dancers themselves hit the drums as the main accompaniment, there are also folk drumming band accompaniment, musical instruments are drums, cymbals, gongs, etc., and suona playing song, commonly used song (So Shan Ling).
Ansei waist drum form and development, and the local historical and geographical environment and folk customs are inseparable. Ansai is located in the northern part of the Yan'an area of Shaanxi Province, a vast area, gullies and ravines, the Yan River meanders through the territory, is a typical loess plateau landscape. Historically, it is a military town, known as the "throat of the upper county", "the key to the northern gate," known as one of the border fortresses to resist foreign invasion. Local people say, as early as in the Qin and Han Dynasties, waist drums were regarded as indispensable equipment by the garrison generals as well as swords, guns, bows and arrows. Encountered enemy raids, the drums alarm, pass the message; two armies against the battle, to drums to cheer; victory in battle, soldiers and drums to celebrate. With the passage of time, the drums gradually developed from military use into a folkloric dance when local people prayed to the gods, wished for a good harvest, and celebrated the Spring Festival, thus making the drums have a greater mass, but in the style of drumming and performance, it continues to retain some of the Qin-Han generals' vigorous and heroic posture.
In 1981, in Yan'an City, neighboring Anse County, Liangcun Township, Wangzhuang Village, a small hill called "tomb collapse", the masses in the plowing found an ancient tomb. Which unearthed the same shape, character modeling of the two waist drum portrait bricks, are turned mold molding after firing. By the Yan'an area of cultural relics and archaeology experts, the Department of the Song Dynasty. Portrait bricks shaped by the drummer, the waist sat on a fine drum, side, head to the left after raising the left foot on the ground, the right leg before the cross stirrups, both hands a high and low as a hammer drums; the left side of a person for the cymbals, jumping up, sucking the left leg, eyes to the left, both hands in front of his chest cymbal shape. The drummer is bare-shouldered, wears lantern pants and a colorful sash around his waist, which floats to the bottom of the front. Especially the drummer's movements and image, quite similar to today's Ansai waist drum in the "horse stance stirrups" of the fourth beat and "forward progress" of the second beat. Waist drum portrait brick picture clear, beautiful shape, vivid performance of China's Song Dynasty in the northern Shaanxi region of the waist drum performance, the study of the historical origin and development of the northern Shaanxi waist drums, provides a valuable and informative cultural relics information.
In 1942, Yan'an and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area, the new rice-planting movement, so that the Ansai drums of this ancient folk art has been developed, and become hundreds of millions of people celebrating victory, celebrating the liberation of a symbol, and is known as the "Victory Drums", all over the land of China, the glorious history of the revolutionary movement of literature and art. In 1951, Ansai waist drum participated in the National Folk Music and Dance Festival, by Ansai Fengjiaying village of Ai Xiushan and other folk artists to the Chinese Youth Cultural and Industrial Troupe taught the waist drum technique, held in Budapest, the world youth and student gala performance, won the Grand Prize, so that the Ansai waist drums famous at home and abroad.
Ansei waist drum is a unique folk large-scale dance art form, with a history of more than 2000 years. The unique charm of the Ansai waist drums like a wild ride on the loess land, showing the northwest loess plateau farmers simple and bold character, flaunting a unique artistic personality.
The performance has been shown in Beijing, the capital of China, Hong Kong, and other parts of China, and has attracted the attention of the world. The bold and rugged changes in movement and the vigorous and vigorous dance fully reflect the simple, honest and brave personality of the people of the northern Shaanxi Plateau.
As early as 1986, Ansai waist drum won the first Chinese folk dance competition, the highest honor - the Grand Prize, in recent years, it has been in the 11th Asian Games opening ceremony, Hong Kong's return to the celebration of large-scale activities such as performances, and went to Japan to perform. Ansai waist drum performance can be carried out by several or thousands of people together, majestic momentum, exquisite performance is intoxicated, known as the world's first drum.
Ansei waist drums have a long history and a unique style, which integrates dance, song, martial arts in one, with the formation of changing, strong and bold characteristics. Today, Ansai waist drum has been out of the Loess Plateau, it spread throughout the country with its rugged and unrestrained image.
Ansei waist drum is a unique folk large-scale dance art form, with a history of more than 2000 years. The unique charm of Ansai waist drums is like a wild ride on the loess land, showing the simple and bold character of the farmers on the Loess Plateau in northwest China, and spreading out the unique artistic personality.
The performance has been shown in Beijing, the capital of China, Hong Kong, and other parts of China, and has attracted the attention of the world. The bold and rugged changes in movement and the vigorous and vigorous dance posture fully reflect the simple and honest personality of the people of the northern Shaanxi Plateau and their bravery and courage.
As early as 1986, Ansai waist drum won the first Chinese folk dance competition, the highest honor - the Grand Prize, in recent years, it has been in the 11th Asian Games opening ceremony, Hong Kong's return to the celebration of large-scale activities such as performances, and went to Japan to perform. Ansai waist drum performance can be carried out by several or thousands of people together, majestic momentum, exquisite performance is intoxicated, known as the world's first drum.
Ancient legend, distant history
Ancestral waist drums have a long history, trace the roots, but also from the drums. According to the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" records, the drum in the Yellow Emperor and Chiyu war used. Yellow Emperor is one of the ancestors of the Chinese nation, No. Regulus. Chi You is an ancient tribal leaders living in the East. Legend is the descendant of Emperor Yan. Chi You vicious nature, strong martial arts, want to seize the throne of the Yellow Emperor, occupation of the Central Plains. Then led the tribe and the Yellow Emperor in the north Zhuo Lu (now Hebei Province Zhuo Lu County) started a great war that shook the sky and shook the earth. At the beginning of the war, Chi You's army was very strong, so that the Yellow Emperor even ate defeat. Additionally Chi You's generals are born caracal fierce abnormal, copper head and iron arm. At the same time, there is a kind of strange sound to confuse people's skills, the Yellow Emperor's army heard this sound on the confusion of losing combat power. How to reverse this situation? One day,
The Yellow Emperor found a beast shaped like an ox on Liubo Mountain in the East China Sea, "Kui" (kui). Whenever it comes in and out of the sea always open mouth roar, sound like thunder. Clever Huang Di thought, Chi You's troops are afraid to listen to "dong dong dong", "boom boom boom" sound, can send out the sound of thunder "Kui" can be used ah! So, they caught it, peeled the skin, the skin on a wooden round frame, named "drum". Drums have still missing a mallet used to beat. Huang Di thought of the "thunder beast" in the Lei Ze. This "Thunder Beast" often beat their stomach to play, every time you beat the stomach will send out a loud thunder. So, the Yellow Emperor ordered someone to catch it and kill it, and extracted the biggest bone from its body as a drumstick. The Yellow Emperor moved this drum to the battlefield and beat it with the mallet nine times in a row, and the sound was as loud as thunder, the mountains and valleys responded, and the sky and the earth changed color. Yellow Emperor's military might, scared Chi You's soldiers soul. Yellow Emperor's army in the deafening drums chased up, captured and chopped Chiyu, won the war. The Yellow Emperor's internal biography of "contained:" Huang Di伐蚩尤, Xuan female for the emperor to make Kui Niu drums eighty, a quake five hundred miles, even quake three dry eight hundred miles."
"Classic of Mountains and Seas": "The East China Sea in the Liubo Mountain, into the sea seven thousand miles. There is a beast on it, in the shape of a cow, with a pale body and no horns, one foot, and when it enters or leaves the water, it will be stormy.' Its light was like the sun and the moon, and its sound was like thunder; its name was Kui. The Yellow Emperor obtained it, and made a drum of its skin, and pegged it with the bone of the thunder beast, and the sound was heard for five hundred miles, so that he could command the whole world."
Since then, beating drums to aid in battle is used in war to foretell the beginning, positive rise and end of war. The story of "Cao Judgement on Battle" in Zuo Zhuan tells that in the early Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Huan of Qi, under the pretext that Lu had helped Duke Kao, who was competing with himself to be the king, sent out an army to attack Lu, and in the story of the battle at the Chang Spoon, there were the stories of "The Duke will drum," "The Qi people will drum three times" and "One drum will be beaten, and one drum will be beaten, and one drum will be beaten, and one drum will be beaten. In the story of the battle at Chang Spoon, there are records of "Gong will drum", "Qi will drum three times", and "one drum, then another, then another, then another" drumming to help in the battle. This shows the importance of drumming in war, it not only heralds the beginning of the war, but also can revitalize the spirit, morale, deterring the enemy. Drums have become essential equipment in war.
Drums, not only for war, but also become an indispensable percussion instrument in folk dance.
After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the drums as percussion accompaniment of folk dance is more numerous, and even named after the drum dance has gradually appeared. Shandong Yinan Han paintings in the "Hundred Plays" a more complete record of the "Hundred Plays" performance of the spectacle. The accompanying instruments include bells, bans, drums and other percussion instruments. In the style of the gorgeous Jian drum, a person with a wide robe and big-sleeved clothes, side to the drum, arms raised, is trying to hit the drum, dance posture.
Sichuan Pengxian unearthed Han portrait bricks, six plates on the ground, two drums sandwiched in the middle of a woman wearing a long-sleeved, thin-waisted dance clothes, feet are stepping on the drums, for the "Deng Gong" posture, the left hand forward, long-sleeved, right hand curved at the waist, long-sleeved, after the trailing, the dance is flowing. The dancers wear long-sleeved clothes, with drumsticks sticking out from the long sleeves, and the two of them dance against each other to beat the drums, making a "bow-and-arrow step" with a strong and vigorous dance posture. (See Wang Kefen, "History of Ancient Chinese Dance") The Han Dynasty dance named after the drum has "Pan drum dance" and so on. Visible, the drum became an indispensable accompaniment in folk dance. Since then, the drum has been used more widely.
Waist Drums and Plague Repellent Waist Drums and War
Legend has it that during the period of King Wen of the Zhou Dynasty, the winds and rains were favorable, and the people were peaceful and happy, that is, the plague could not be subdued. All the people, from the officials to the common people, were worried about it. People tried to subdue the plague to find a way to survive.
Some people say that the plague is a kind of demon, afraid of vibration, afraid of red color. People then thought of using drums to expel the plague, they built a small drum, hung on the waist, named the waist drum. People carrying drums, red and green, dressed as a variety of "monsters", accompanied by war drums, while playing and dancing, shouting and screaming to drive away the epidemic shock demon activities.
This is strange, since the activities, the plague is no longer prevalent. So, people will be regardless of the season. The people were engaged in this kind of activities without any time limit. Wanqiu" in this way: "Kan its drums, Wanqiu under the mountain, no winter, no summer, the value of its heron feathers." Under the mountain of Wanqiu, with the sound of drums, no matter how hot or cold it is, people wear bird feathers and dance to their heart's content. This is a true depiction of the activities to drive away the epidemic and quake the demons.
The Zhou Dynasty, the Warring States, to drive away epidemics and evil dances "Qing Yi", Fang Xiang's had "palm masked bearskin, gold, four eyes, Xuanjie Zhu dress, holding the Go Yang Shield, the rate of one hundred subordinates and difficult to Suo room to drive away the epidemic." ("Zhou Li - Xiaguan")
In fact, this epidemic activities is a spiritual therapy, in the earth-shaking drums, people's kind of plague of the evil thoughts thrown out of the sky, depressed mood has been uplifted. With the spirit of dependence, have the confidence and determination to overcome the plague, so that the plague from now on no longer exist.
The plague was expelled, and people lived a peaceful life again. In order to prevent the plague from returning, people organized themselves to expel the plague. They changed that kind of shouting to singing with words to express their feelings. This kind of singing is the prototype of the later umbrella head.
After that, people consciously divided the work, some people engaged in singing activities, some people engaged in rice-planting and other agricultural labor, so they got the term "rice-planting song" as a whole. The term "Yangge" is a true reflection of the people engaged in rice-planting and singing activities at that time.
"In the Qin Dynasty, large-scale sacrifices were made to the sky according to the season and the time of the year, and in the two Han Dynasties, the activities were even more flourishing. Eastern Han Dynasty Mingdi Yongping two years (AD 59) issued seasonal, welcome gas in the five suburbs: the day of spring, welcome spring in the eastern suburbs, sacrificing the Qing emperor sentence (hook) Chi, singing the song of Qingyang, and dance of the wing dance. In summer, fall and winter there were also songs of Xihao, Di Ling and Xuan Hei, and the songs and dances around Shang County were especially prevalent." (Baihu Tong, Volume 2, "Rituals and Music").
With the development of history, the use of waist drums continues to expand, to aid in battle, drive away epidemics, and shock the demons at the same time. This activity flourished in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, and became most popular in the Qin Dynasty.
Anse is located in the northwest of the fortress, and the ancient Great Wall and Inner Mongolia's Mao Wusu Desert opposite, and the northern minority sites close to the north, is from the north down to the south, leading to the central plains of the throat. Therefore, it is known as "the key to the north", "on the throat of the county" of the name, for generations of soldiers must fight for the place. Ancient and modern defense facilities, city walls, passes, beacon tower (pier), Fort, Walled City, cliff kiln, support trenches and fortifications, etc., can be seen everywhere, the remains of the ruins still exist.
Ansei since the Qin Dynasty for successive generations of soldiers must fight. Legend has it that the soldiers on the watch took the waist drum as an indispensable war equipment in the battle with the sword, bow and arrow.
A sudden attack, the drum alarm, pass the information; two armies, drums to help the war, deterring the enemy; if the enemy is few, the battle is lost, then the drum emergency, requesting assistance; when the enemy to win, the drum for music, celebrating the victory. With the development of history, the military use of the waist drum gradually disappeared, and became the props and accompaniment for people to sing and dance, with which to modulate "the end of the year without music" of the boring life.
Waist drums and entertainment
The Tang Dynasty is the development of China's history in the glorious period. Whether it was politics, economy, diplomacy, or culture and art, it entered its heyday.
Drums were widely used in Tang Dynasty dances. Two representative dances were the "Sitting Part Kabuki" and the "Standing Part Kabuki", of which the "Broken Formation Music" is the most famous. It is rumored to have been transmitted to Japan, famous in China and abroad, it is accompanied by drums, reflecting the strong life of the battlefield. The accompaniment of "Cudgel Dance" is mainly drums, and the rhythm is bright and strong. In the poem "Tsuge Dance" by Zhang Xiaobiao of the Tang Dynasty, "The first drums of Tsuge Dance beckon ......" and in the poem "Tsuge Brothel" by Bai Juyi, "The three drums of Tsuge Dance urge the drums to play ......" are both descriptive of the dance. All of them depict the scene of the dancers of "Tsuge Branch" appearing in the sound of drums.
Waist drums were widely used in the Sui and Tang dynasties. The Dictionary explains the waist drum as follows: "The ancient waist drum, according to the Book of Music by Chen Enron: 'The large one is made of tile, the small one is made of wood, and all of them have wide heads and slim bellies.' In the Sui and Tang dynasties, used in Xiliang, Guzi, Shule, Goryeo, Gaochang music, played on the waist, with two hands beat." This shows that the waist drum is not only widely used in the Sui and Tang dynasties, but also its form, structure, use and so on have developed and changed. The art of rice-planting songs had already taken shape in the Tang Dynasty. The "twisted ò" is quite like the rice-plantation song silk twisting shape, but "the singer does not dance, the dancer does not sing".
Waist drums in the Song Dynasty
Song Dynasty rice-planting songs and drums are very prosperous, mostly mass activities. Rice-planting songs in the Qing Dynasty were no exception. Rice-planting songs were popular not only in the countryside, but also in the cities at that time. "Yangge teams haunted the spring sun", watching the rice-planting songs of the people flocked to the crowded "such as ants swimmers can not stop, have squeezed through the cuju court." (Yuan Qixu, "Yanjing Bamboo Stick Lyrics") "There is no time for madness when the hubs hit the shoulders. (Ke Yu, "Yanjing Bamboo Stick Lyrics") The content of the rice-planting songs is constantly enriched, the forms are richer, and the art is constantly maturing. According to the ancient book records: "farmers, every spring, women and children to dozens of counting, to the field of rice planting, a Laos drums, drums a pass, the group song competing, Mi day unceasingly, is said to rice-planting song." (Qing Li Tiao Yuan "Guangdong Pen") "rice-planting" term is widely used, and has become a nationally recognized unified scientific name.
Despite the successive wars in the Song Dynasty, the people of all ethnic groups suffered severe pain and disaster, but the folk dance continued to develop. Bianliang in the Northern Song Dynasty (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), Lin'an in the Southern Song Dynasty (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province), there are many "wazi" is specialized in performing a variety of skills in a fixed place, which also has "flower drums". The term "flower drum" has been passed down to future generations. Specific performance forms have not been recorded in detail. Song Dynasty dance following the development of the Tang Dynasty at the same time, there is another huge folk amateur dance team passed down from generation to generation, festivals, villages, communities have their own folk dance team. "Each community is not less than a few days." This kind of dance team is sometimes called "social fire". (Fan Chengda of the Song Dynasty, author of "32 Rhymes of Haiku Harmonization of the Wuzhong Festival in the Shangyuan Era", original note: Folk drumming is called "social fire".) Fan Chengda's poem reads, "The light and thin traveling songs are over, and the wild social dances are presented." Ganquan County, Shaanxi Province, West Fork Township excavated an ancient tomb of the Song Dynasty, the tomb's portrait of bricks; men holding high round umbrellas, back drums, silk belts tied at the waist, with the forward jump, silk belts flying, dance posture athletic and graceful, strong and powerful, into the left bow and arrow shape. (See Song dynasty waist drum portrait brick) According to the "Ansai County Records": "Qin set high slave county, its territory includes the northern part of the present Ganquan, Yan'an City, Ansai County and other places." West fork township originally belonged to Ansai, in November 1935 to Ganquan jurisdiction. Yuezhongzhuang, Zhaoyan Township, Ansai County, dug out an ancient tomb of the Song Dynasty, and the portrait bricks of the tomb contained two portraits of people playing waist drums. The state identification is the work of the Song Dynasty. Relief shaping the image of concise, character clothing props and today's waist drummer basically similar to the dance, the dance is exciting exuberant, simple and generous action, strong and robust. (See Ansai County, Yuezhongzhuang, Ansai County, Yuezhongzhuang Song dynasty waist drum portrait brick) which confirms that the waist drum has been widely circulated in the Song dynasty, forming a complete art system.
The arduous waist drum
The Yuan Dynasty "Village Field Music" is a folk song and dance that expresses the agricultural labor life, with a strong local flavor. Song Fan Chengda poem vividly describes the Lantern Festival folk fire performance of the pomp and circumstance: "village field Demoiselle wild". It seems that the performance of "Cuntian music" should be dressed as farmers, wearing straw raincoat, straw hat and dance. Murata music" passed to the Qing Dynasty has changed. Qing people Wu Xiqi wrote "New Year's Day" in the copy: "rice-planting songs, the Southern Song Dynasty Lantern Festival of the" Murata music "also. The costumes are playing monks, playing gentlemen, playing flower drums, pulling flower sisters, Tian Gong (village man), fisherwomen, pretending to be a freight forwarder, and miscellaneous lanterns in the street, in order to win the laughs of the viewers." (The female role in the Yangge team is called "Lahua", and "Lahua" is also a dance form in "Yangge".) It can be seen that many of the programs in the Song Dynasty folk dance team have been passed on to the Qing Dynasty, but they are no longer called "dance team", but "rice-planting song team". The rice-planting songs of the Qing Dynasty were inherited from the Village Field Music of the Song Dynasty. Because folk dance is closely connected with people's production and life, it has a broad mass base and tenacious vitality, therefore, the Yangge has been able to continue to circulate and develop in a long period of turmoil. (Wang Kefen, "History of Ancient Chinese Dance")
To the Ming and Qing dynasties, peasant revolts rose up, the ruling class in order to bind the people's minds, intensified the destruction of art strangulation. Entering the end of feudal society, the germ of capitalism was nurtured, and the original art forms could not satisfy the prosperous urban life, prompting a variety of art to flourish.
As early as the Tang Dynasty, when the art of dance was flourishing, the court issued an order banning folk music and dance. In the second year of the Kaiyuan era (714 A.D.), a ban was issued: "Scattering music to patrol villages is specially prohibited." ("Tang will be") after the Kangxi decade of the Qing dynasty ( AD 1671 ), has repeatedly promulgated the ban on rice-planting songs singing decree. The new show miscellaneous copy ": the Kangxi fifty-seven years ( AD 1718 ) issued a ban on " rice-planting songs ", " dragon lanterns " decree: " when the hair of the first day of the festival celebrates the Lantern Festival, sings the rice-planting songs, dances trick ...... jumping puppets, congratulations on dragon lanterns ...... Urgently need to investigate, in order to pacify the place." The ban of the feudal ruling class hindered the development of folk art. Nevertheless, because the art of rice-planting songs has a deep mass base, repeatedly banned, has become the main form of people to express their thoughts, express their feelings, show their aspirations and interests, sing the praises of love, and celebrate the victory and harvest.
Yangge in modern times
China is a feudal dictatorship with thousands of years of history. Throughout the generations, political changes, peasant uprisings, religious art, folk activities, etc., always tangible and intangible color branded with feudal superstitions. In a certain sense, now many valuable things and meaningful activities, it is with that kind of strong superstitious colors, and in that kind of superstitious activities in the cluster only far-reaching, enduring. The Ansai waist drum is no exception. It is inspired from the war drums, produced in the epidemic, and in the epidemic activities have evolved and developed. And from it, it has become an important form of song and dance for folk entertainment activities.
Some places call the "rice-planting song" "Yangge", but also called "tooth song". In this regard, there are different interpretations and sayings.
The -, "Yang" and "Yang" homophonic. In the long process of circulation, people wrote "Yang" as "Yang" by mistake. Therefore, the word "yangge" appeared.
Secondly, there is an essential difference between "Yangge" and "Yangge". The "Yangge" is a singing activity in which people go from driving away epidemics to engaging in agricultural production. On the other hand, the "Yang Song" is the result of people's improved understanding of the natural world and their belief that the sun plays an important role in human activities. Without the sun, there would be no bright world and no human beings.
The sun is a symbol of light and a better life for mankind, and people should sing for the sun. This is why it is called the "Yang Song". So, people imitate the form of the sun to create a round cloth umbrella, to show the worship of the sun, so called "sun umbrella". Ganquan West Fork Township unearthed in the Song Dynasty portrait brick is a strong evidence.
Third, the head of the umbrella symbolizes Jiang Ziya, Prime People's God umbrella, with his nine obsidian twenty-eight lodging star, calling the wind and rain, behind him the two gods with the rolling pin, is its drive God whip, for the people of the mortal world to eliminate disasters. Therefore, the rice-planting song is also called "tooth song".