Original text:
Spring outing in Qiantang River
Tang Bai Juyi
From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake.
Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.
To annotate ...
⑴ Qiantang Lake: another name for West Lake in Hangzhou. Hangzhou was called Qiantang in ancient times, hence its name. Later written as Qiantang Lake.
⑵ Gushan Temple: On Gushan Mountain in Bai Causeway, West Lake. Jia Ting: Jia Gongting, built by Jia Quan, the secretariat of Hangzhou in the Tang Dynasty, no longer exists today.
(3) Chuping: From a distance, the water surface of the West Lake seems to be just flush with the shore and the scenery on the shore. Cloud foot: In ancient Chinese, the drooping image was called "foot" and the lower part of the falling rain was called "foot of rain". This refers to the drooping clouds. Clouds near the ground, especially when the rain has just stopped.
(4) Warm trees: sunny trees.
5. Xinyan: Swallows come in early spring.
[6] Miscellaneous flowers: refers to a large number of open spring flowers.
(7) None (mò): Disappeared.
⑻ Hudong: Taking Gushan as a reference, Baisha Dike (i.e. Bai Causeway) is in the northeast of Gushan. Foot: sense of satisfaction.
(9) Baishadi: It refers to Bai Causeway in the east of West Lake, where there are scenic spots such as broken bridges.
translate
Go to the north of Gushan Temple and the west of Jiagongting, and look up. The water is flat and the white clouds are low.
A few orioles, scrambling to fly to sunny trees; Whose swallow brings spring mud to build a nest?
Colorful flowers and almost charming eyes; The grass is green, just covering the horseshoe.
The scenery in the east of the lake is unforgettable, and the most lovely thing is the white sand embankment hidden by Populus davidiana.
Make an appreciative comment
Qiantang Lake is another name for West Lake in Hangzhou. This poem is about the West Lake in Hangzhou, which is comparable to the famous sentence in Su Shi's poem "It rained twice after drinking on the lake": "If you want to compare the West Lake to learning Chinese characters, light makeup is always appropriate." It fully shows the beauty and charm of the West Lake.
When Bai Juyi was in Hangzhou, there were many poems describing lakes and mountains. This poem captures the characteristics of the local environment and seasons, and depicts the West Lake, which has just put on a spring coat, as full of business and just right.
"Gushan Temple North Jiating West". The lonely mountain stands between the back lake and the outer lake, with towering peaks and a lonely mountain temple on it, which is a scenery in the lake and a special symbol of the whole lake. Jiating was also a scenic spot in the West Lake. With the description of the first sentence, the "water surface" in the second sentence naturally refers to the West Lake. The water falls in autumn and winter, and the spring water rises again. In the chaos of water and sky, overlapping white clouds roll up in space and connect with the rippling water waves on the lake, so it is called "low cloud feet" The phrase "the initial water level, the foot of the cloud is low" outlines the outline of early spring on the lake. The next two sentences, from the dynamics of Yingying Yanyan, vividly describe the vitality of spring and the spring when nature wakes up from a deep sleep in autumn and winter. Yingying is a singer who sings the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. Yan is a migratory bird. It comes from the north in spring. They are full of seasonal sensitivity and become a symbol of spring. Here, the poet's choice of things around him is typical; And his pen is meticulous. When we say "several places", we can see that it is not "everywhere"; When we say "whose family", we can see that it is not "every family". Because it is still early spring. In this way, the "early" of the "early warbler" and the "new" of the "new swallow" are interactive in meaning, and they are connected into a complete picture. Because it is an "early warbler", I rushed to the warm sunny tree to try its ticking sound; Because it is a "new swallow", when pecking mud and holding grass, it will arouse people's first pleasure when building a nest. Xie Lingyun's sentence "Spring grass grows in the pond, willow turns into a songbird" ("Going upstairs in the pond") is wonderful and legendary because he wrote the joy of love at first sight when the four seasons change. This poem is quite similar in artistic conception.
The first four sentences of the poem describe the spring scenery on the lake in a wide range, which comes from the sentence "lonely mountain"; The last four sentences are dedicated to the scenery of "Hudong" and boil down to "White Sands". Point out the environment first, and then write the scenery; Write the scenery first, then the environment. The poem begins with "Gushan Temple" and ends with "Baishadi", from point to surface, from surface to point, with no trace of change in the middle. The structure is wonderful, as Xue Xue pointed out: Lotte's poems are "orderly in structure" ("A Ladle of Poems"). This "change" in "composition" is often reflected in the muddy brushwork; Without careful observation, it is difficult to see its "order".
Although the couplets of "disorderly flowers" and "shallow grass" describe the general spring scenery, they are closely related to "Baisha dike": the West Lake in spring is green and carpet-like tender grass; However, this flat and slender white sand dike is the place with the most tourists. By the Tang Dynasty, the custom of riding horses on the West Lake was extremely prosperous, and even geisha and girls loved riding horses. In the poem, "no horseshoe" is used to describe this green grassland, which is a ready-made landscape.
The use of words such as "Chuping", "Several Places", "Whose Family", "Gradually Desire" and "Talented Person" runs through a clue in the landscape sentences of the whole poem, turning the scenic spot of the West Lake in early spring into a Su Xiaoxiao lightly connected with Qiantang. However, this vigorous spring is developing rapidly. Another news is revealed from the link "Flowers are more and more charming": colorful flowers will soon bloom here, and stones will soon appear on the mirror platform on the lake.
This is a poem about scenery. The beauty of this poem lies not in the picturesque description of the scenery, but in the emotion in the scene, which shows the harmonious and depressed spring and the concentrated and full feeling given to the poet by the beauty of nature. The so-called "the image is interesting, someone is there" (Fang Shudong's "Continued Zhao Wei's Yan Yan"); The so-called "shape moves with things and is everywhere" (Su's Heather Talk) should be understood in this sense.
Brief introduction of the author
Bai Juyi (772-846), a native of Xinzheng, Henan Province, was born in Taiyuan, Lotte, Xiangshan, and drunk. He was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the three great poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen * * * advocated the new Yuefu movement, and together with Liu Yuxi, they called the world "Bai Yuan" and "Bai Liu".
Bai Juyi's poems have a wide range of themes, diverse forms and simple and popular language, and are known as "the poet's magic" and "the king of poets". Official to Hanlin bachelor, Zuo Zanshan doctor. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan. Up to now, there are Bai's "Changqing Collection", and the representative works include Song of Eternal Sorrow, Charcoal Man, Pipa Travel and so on.