Teaching Objectives:
1. Learn to use ? The idea of the "long hate song" is a very important part of the teaching of the Song of Chang Hai.
2. Knowing people and discussing the world? The method of appreciation of the theme of the poem.
2. To master the poetic writing, lyric expression used.
Teaching Focus and Difficulties:
1. Focus: portraying characters from multiple perspectives.
2. Difficulties: the theme of the poem.
Teaching Steps:
I. Appreciation and Analysis Guidance
To use one's own personal experience to speculate the author's intention.
In the original words of Mencius, ? wen? , refers to text, meaning individual words and phrases. ? Rhetoric? refers to rhetoric.
East Han Dynasty, Zhao Qi: not far from the human condition, to their own will against the poet's will, is to get actually carry on.
Zhu Xi: the method of speaking poetry, not a word and harm the meaning of a sentence, not a sentence and harm to set up the rhetoric of the will, when their own intention to marry the author's will, can be obtained.
Historically, some scholars have advocated that Mengzi advocated?
Throughout the ages, scholars have advocated that Mencius advocated the
Some scholars have argued that the method advocated by Mencius is the same as the method advocated by the author. The first step is to combine the two methods of the "Knowing the World" method with the "Reversing the Will" method. For example, Wang Siren:? The good poet must start from knowing poems; the good poet must start from knowing people.
Wang Guowei:?
The first thing I want to say is that I have to know what I'm talking about, and I don't want to know what I'm talking about.
Knowing the world by its people:
Mencius original: ?
Mencius original:? It is to discuss their world. It is to be still friends.? I am not a friend of the world. The same is true of the other. Shang? The first thing you need to do is to make friends with the ancients.
This has been called a form of? writer's criticism? or? biocriticism? For example, Eliot, the most important modern English poet, argued: "Honest criticism and sensitive appreciation should not focus on the poet, but on the poet. Honest criticism and sensitive appreciation should not focus on the poet, but on the poem.
Derived from: ? The "people" phenomenon is a new one, and it is a new one. and the phenomenon of Yu Qiuyu.
Second, introduction
Review the famous lines of "Pipa Xing". The first thing you need to do is to get out of the pipa. The first thing you need to do is to get your hands dirty. The same people are at the end of the world, and the same people are at the end of the world. The same people are at the end of the world, why should we ever meet each other? Pipa Xing is a famous long narrative poem written by Bai Juyi, and today we are going to learn his other narrative poem, The Song of Eternal Hatred.
III. Background
Yang Yuhuan was the daughter of Yang Xuanying, a minister of Shuzhou, who accompanied her uncle, Yang Xuan Yan, to Chang'an. When she reached the age of maturity, she was married as a consort to Li Yaoyao, King of Shou, the fourteenth son of Emperor Xuanzong. She married Li Yao, the 14th son of Emperor Xuanzong, as his consort, and later became the favorite of Li Longji. Li wanted to take Yang as his own, but was reluctant to do so, so he let her go out of the palace to become a Taoist priestess, and then welcomed her back to the palace to conceal her identity. Li Longji earlier inspirational governance, later years gradually relaxed. After getting Yang Yuhuan, more indulgence in wine and sex, deserting the government. Yang Yuhuan is not only their own favor dedicated room, the body of the princess,? The reputation of Yang Yuhuan was shocked by the sky, and her whole family followed her. and the whole family also followed the light, cousin Yang Guozhong in the prime minister, Yang Xian official Honglu Secretary, Yang Rong official service royal historian, the eldest sister was named Mrs. Korea, the third sister was named Mrs. Guo Guo, the eighth sister was named Mrs. Qin Guo. As the Song of Eternal Hatred says, "Sisters and brothers are all on the earth. Sisters and brothers are all listed in the earth, poor colorful birth portal. In the late Tianbao period, the court was already full of internal contradictions, and Li Longji's favoritism towards the Yang family further intensified the contradictions. Tianbao fourteen years (755), the heavy-handed Fanyang Festival Minister An Lushan under the guise of crusading against the Yangs, to clear the side of the king, launched a rebellion, the soldiers at Changan. Li Longji, together with Yang Yuhuan and others, hurriedly ran away and traveled west to Sichuan. To Shaanxi Mawei stage, escorted the forbidden army to make trouble, begging for the death of Yang's siblings to thank the world. Forced by the situation, Li Longji only as please,? Ordered Gao Li Si to hang your consort under the pear tree in front of the Buddha Hall? (Li Zhao "State History Supplement")? Lotte deep in poetry, more than love. How about trying to sing for him? At Wang's suggestion, Bai Juyi wrote the poem, while Chen Hong wrote a legend, "Biography of the Song of Everlasting Hatred".
Four, Bai Juyi
Bai Juyi, born in a family of officials and eunuchs, his great-grandfather, great-grandfather, grandfather, his father was the court of the great minister, Xiangzhou, the Secretary of the Dali, and the Ministry of Criminal Affairs of the right servant. He was born in a family of books, since childhood and extremely intelligent, five or six years old, learn to write poetry, 9 years old will be able to identify the sound of rhyme, coupled with the family and the community to give him a great deal of stimulation and urging, his adolescent years of study especially hard. Later, he recalled his study situation and said: ? Day class fugue, night class book, between the class and poetry, no time to sleep, so that the mouth and tongue sores, elbows into calloused. When Bai Juyi was 16 years old, he had already written a lot of good poems that can be passed on to the next generation, the most famous of which is the pentameter poem "Fugu Yuan Grass Farewell". It is said that when Bai Juyi first arrived in Chang'an, he went to see Gu Fong, an old poet. When Gu Fong heard that his name was Juyi, he joked: "Rice is expensive in Chang'an, so it is not easy to live there. He said, "Rice is expensive in Chang'an, but it is not easy to live there. and reading this poem, Bai Juyi said: ? When he read this poem, "Wildfire cannot be eliminated, but spring breeze blows again", he greatly appreciated it. When he was 31 years old, he tried to judge the Diocesan Section, at the same time with Yuan Zhen and other people, and met Yuan Zhen, and from then on became bosom buddies. In the spring of the year 32 years old, Bai Juyi was awarded the school book, is considered to step into the career. 35 years old, dismissed the school book, and then awarded the Zhouzhi County Lieutenant. In the following year, he was transferred from Zhouzhi County to be the examiner for the entrance examination, and was appointed as the manager of the Jixian Academy. In the winter of that year, he was authorized to be a scholar of Hanlin, and in the third year of Yuanhe (808), he was appointed as the left picker. At that time, the prime minister Li Jifu to rebuke the government of Niu Shengru and other people dissatisfied, or deposed or depreciated. The first gleaner Bai Juyi on the "on the system of human symptoms", extremely improper arbitrary depreciation, and therefore offended Li Jifu and his son Li Deyu, unfortunately caught in the vortex of the political struggle at the time. He served as a gleaner during the period, due diligence, repeatedly Chen political, inevitably makes the emperor or powerful ministers dissatisfaction. 58 years old that year, that is, the three years of the Dahuo (829 years) spring, Bai Juyi claimed to be sick, exempted from the return to the Prince's guest division of the East, and from now on do not go out, after the removal of the Yin of Henan Province, looking for the disease exempted, the age of 64 years old that year, in addition to the Tongzhou assassins, do not pay, change the Crown Prince of the young ministers, the division of the East. Because of his negative state of mind and health reasons, he did not want to serve as an official anymore. 60 years old, his son A Cui died young, which was another blow to the poet, and when he was 73 years old, he gave his family's money to open the eight-sectioned rocky beach of Longmen to facilitate the use of oars and boats. He died at the age of 75.
Bai Juyi was born shortly after the war in Henan, he left home at a young age to take refuge, running north and south, and had a hard time. So when he was 15 years old, he wrote a poem to record the true feelings of the time: ? What do I want to do when I can't see my homeland? The water of Chu and the mountains of Wu are more than ten thousand miles away. Today, I visited my brother because of you, and I wrote a letter with a few lines of tears from my hometown. I also wrote a poem to my brother and sister: "After all the wars in the countryside, there is nothing left for me to do," he said. After the dry war in the countryside, the flesh and bones are displaced from the road, and the moon is hanging down. ***The moon is a beautiful moon, and the heart of the countryside is in the same place all night long. These poems wrote Bai Juyi's living conditions and psychological feelings at that time, and also reflected the social unrest and displacement of the people at that time.
In the 16th year of Zheng Yuan (800), at the age of 29, Bai Juyi met Yuan Zhen, who became a close friend, and they were known as Yuan Bai. They were known as Yuan Bai. At the age of 32, Bai Juyi entered the civil service and was authorized to be a school scholar. At the age of 32, he entered the civil service and was authorized to be a school scholar, and in the third year of Yuanhe's reign (808), he was appointed as a left collector. Because of the offense of the then prime minister Li Jifu, Bai Juyi was unfortunately caught in the whirlpool of political struggle. In the following decades, Bai Juyi was always sidelined by Li Deyu in the Niu-Li party dispute, which determined his career to be unsuccessful. During his tenure as a gleaner, he did his duty and repeatedly expressed his views on the current political situation, which inevitably made the emperor or powerful ministers dissatisfied. Later, he was relegated to the post of Secretary of Jiangzhou. In order to avoid the suspicion of disaster, but also in order to eliminate the trouble, Bai Juyi to brothel poetry and wine to amuse themselves, and began to believe in Buddhism, looking for spiritual support. Although he was passive, kept prostitutes, drank wine, and believed in Buddhism, he still had outstanding political achievements, and the most famous is that when he was the assassin of Hangzhou, he had built Hangzhou lake dyke to store water for irrigation. People named this lake embankment in his memory as "White Embankment". White Causeway.
From Bai Juyi's life career, although more for the government, but always unsuccessful, always in a state of worry and anger. But as a poet, his achievements are great. Later, he and Li Bai, Du Fu and known as the three great poets of the Tang Dynasty.
V. Author's Works
1. Overview of Works
Bai Juyi's political thought in the early period is based on ? The first is the "The World's Best", which is the first of its kind in the world. He wrote a large number of political satirical poems. However, after he was relegated to Jiangzhou, his thinking changed significantly, from ? to the idea of being a good samaritan. to the idea of doing good to oneself. In terms of literary creation, Bai Juyi's most prominent contribution was to advocate the New Music Movement in theory and practice. He particularly emphasized the poetry of ? The role of beauty and thorn? He emphasized the role of poetry and put forward the idea of ? He emphasized the role of poetry and put forward the idea that articles should be written for the time, and poems should be composed for events. He emphasized that poetry should be emotionally moving, and that the language of poetry should be? The language of poetry should be "qualitative and light, and its words are straight and clear". and the language of poetry should be? His poems survived nearly 3,000, and his poetic style is shallow and simple, and the most popular ones are The Song of Long Hate and The Line of the Pipa.
Six, background
(a) writing background
1, the history of Li, Yang love story
The emperor's love - Tang Ming Huang and Yang Guifei love story
Successive emperors, the harem of the 3,000, it is difficult to say that there is real love. But Tang Ming Huang and Yang Guifei gave us a sensational, life and death love story.
Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, is a good writer and a good musician. In the reign of more than twenty years, the blood, and the joy of the wind outside of the Seychelles clear miles, folk corn cheap three money, a peaceful world, better than the year of the Zhenguan. The year will be changed to Tianbao Kaiyuan, daily songs and banquets, happy life. In the palace feast, he found that the dance of neon plumage Yang Yuhuan not only has the appearance of the country, and artistic endowment is very high, then she will be your consort.
Li Longji from then on do not early morning, and Yang Yuhuan day trip feast. When spring flowers bloomed, they went to Mount Li for a trek. Tang Ming Huang in Huaqing Pond give bath, this place is unique hot spring water, wash all of Yang Yuhuan's folk grease, so that it has a nobleman's breath.
At the critical moment when An Lushan, the governor of Yuyang, revolted and endangered the emperor's life, Yang Yuhuan stepped forward and willingly accepted the white damask to be the scapegoat for the An Shi Rebellion. She said goodbye to Emperor Ming of Tang, and her only request was to be buried under a pear tree. She exchanged her death for the imperial army to move on.
A few years later, the Anshi Rebellion subsided, but the Tang Dynasty went from strength to strength, and history took a major turn. Li Longji stepped down and installed the crown prince as emperor. After losing the power of the emperor, human nature returned to him and love became more chaste. He thought of Yang Yuhuan day and night, reviewing the absurdity and misuse of the country as well as all the faults in the past, and lamented that life could not be two things. With his divine mind, he pursued the ghost of Yang Yuhuan but could not find it, so he invited the portrait of Yang Guifei as a sacrifice. He was old and tearful, fainting who went ------ in a trance, to the Moon Palace, to knock Yang Yuhuan's door ring. Visible Tang Minghuang is so infatuated with Yang Guifei.
Bai Juyi, a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, also created a long narrative poem, "The Song of Long Hate", which describes the sincere love of Tang Minghuang and Yang Guifei.
2. Horizontal comparison: There are many literary works in the history of literature with the theme of Li and Yang's love, famous ones such as Du Mu's "The Extremities of Passing the Huaqing Palace", Li Shangyin's "Mawei", Su Shi's "Lychee Sigh", and Bai Park's "Autumn Night of the Emperor Tang Ming's Sycamore Rain", and so on.
(B) the origin of the creation
Yuanheyuan year, Bai Juyi Zhouzhi county lieutenant, one day with friends Chen Hong, Wang Qifu to the Mawei stage near the temple of the Tourist Immortal, talked about Li Longji and Yang Yuhuan, Wang Qifu, like such prominent things, such as no big strokes processing embellishment, will disappear with the passage of time. He encouraged Bai Juyi: ? Le Tian is deep in poetry and much in love, how about trying to sing for it? So Bai Juyi wrote about it, and Chen Hong at the same time wrote a legend, "Biography of the Song of Long Hate".
Seven, read the poem aloud, grasp the content of the poem
1. Students read the poem quickly, retell the storyline of the poem
2. In the retelling of the basis, to guide the students to divide the levels, summarize the meaning of the layers.
The first part: from the beginning to ? The first part: from the beginning to the end of the book?
The second part: from the? The second part: from the first part of the story to the second part of the story. The second part of the story is about the death of a young man. I don't see the jade face of the empty place of death?
The third part of the story is about the death of Yang Guifei. The king and the ministers look at each other all stained with clothes? The first part of the story is about the death of Yang Guifei. The soul never comes to dream?
The fourth part: since? Qiong (qi?ng) Taoist Hongdu guest? To the end, write has been in the immortal world of the consort is still in the heart of the earth (hu?n), Li miss endless.
Eight, analyze and appreciate the text
1, the poem those sentences show the beauty of Yang Yuhuan?
Reference: such as ? A glance back a hundred winks, the six palaces have no color?
? The pear blossom is a branch of the spring with rain? wrote the poignant beauty of Yang Guifei, sadness.
2. Bai Juyi wrote The Song of Eternal Hatred about 50 years after the death of Yang Yuhuan, of course, he had not seen Yang Yuhuan, but there was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty who had seen Yang Yuhuan and wrote poems about the beauty of the princess, and who was this person? (Li Bai)
Show three of Li Bai's equally popular songs, Qing Ping Tune.
Q: Did Li Bai and Bai Juyi write about the beauty of Yang Guifei in the same way?
Students said, the teacher summarized: Li Bai or Bai Juyi, they write the beauty of Yang Yuhuan is not a positive description of the real, Yang Yuhuan in the end how to look, we do not know, but only know that she is beautiful, the country's natural beauty, the world's posture. Both poets write from the virtual place, comparing people to flowers, achieving the realm of the virtual and the real, leaving infinite space for imagination and association. Just as Song Yu describes the beauty of the son of the proprietor, ? If you add a fraction, it is too long; if you subtract a fraction, it is too short; if you put on powder, it is too white; if you put on vermilion, it is too red? We don't know what the son of the master looks like, and we only know that he is beautiful. And this is exactly what Laozhuang respected? The great sound is rare, the elephant is invisible? And this is the realm of? Great beauty is invisible? It's a great beauty that is invisible.
3. What are the places in the poem that show Tang Xuanzong's favor to Yang Yuhuan?
Such as:?
As in: "There are three thousand people in the harem, three thousand favorites in one? The world's parents are not taught to give birth to men, but to give birth to women. The first is to make sure that you have a good understanding of what you are doing and how you are doing it.
Division Summary: In order to his lover, Li Longji can unlimitedly indulge her family, he gave Yang Yuhuan all the things he can give as an emperor to give, his mountains and his country, all his everything. He loved the mountains and the rivers more than he loved the beauty. In the trade-off between the mountains and the beauty, he chose the beauty without hesitation. I don't know, love beauty should love the river and mountain, the river and mountain is not guaranteed, the beauty of the peace? Therefore, the love of beauty should love the river and mountain. Love is no match for politics. In their tenderness in the rich and powerful countryside, but do not know a catastrophe came to the face, unexpected. One of China's most glorious and greatest and strongest dynasties fell, and has never been the same.
4. Find out the lines in the poem that describe the mood of Emperor Tang Xuanzong after the death of Yang Yuhuan, which ones impressed you the most, and what kind of artistic techniques did they use?
Students look for and talk about. For example, the appreciation? The palace to see the moon sad color, the night rain heard the bell intestinal broken sound? The, see, hear all the things, have caused Tang Xuanzong's deep longing; analyze? Return to the pool garden are still the same, too liquid hibiscus not central willow? The, everything is a thing is not the same, see things think of people, think of the previous love, love, and now the shape of the shadow of each other, how can I face it? There is an appreciation? The evening hall fireflies think quietly, the lone lamp picked up not sleep", here pay attention to remind students, fireflies this imagery symbolizes what, using what we have learned before, "said wood leaves" mentioned in the poetry of the language of the implied question, fireflies, the ancients believe that it is the growth of rotting grass, growing in the grave next to the grass, where the use of this imagery implies what? Tang Xuanzong at this time has not only lost the power in his hands, but also lost the freedom of life, was disguised as a house arrest, he lived in a place with fireflies shows his lonely and desolate. And later, ? Lonely lamps picked out not sleep? and what does it imply? Tang Xuanzong was sleepless all night in his bone-deep longing, ? The world is asleep, but he is still awake? The most painful thing in the world is to wake up from a dream and have no way out. The most painful thing in the world is that when the dream wakes up, there is no way out. He can only accept the punishment given to him by fate in silence. Here, the author repeatedly rendering, layer by layer padding, the use of emotion in the scene, scene blending techniques show the sadness of the Tang Xuanzong lonesome, desolate and lonely, bitter and helpless.
Q.? Spring breeze peach and plum blossom night, autumn rain sycamore leaves fall? How can be linked to a piece?
First let the students think, and then guide students to realize that this is a kind of music scene to write the sadness of the technique, the poem is to say, spring flowers bloom, autumn leaves fall, Tang Xuanzong are missing Yang Guifei, every flower of the morning, the moon of the night, Tang Xuanzong are also missing Yang Guifei, in short, he is all the time, all the time, all the time, he is thinking about her.
Q:? The king covered his face can not be saved, look back at the blood and tears and flow? How to understand?
The king covered his face, you try to understand the psychology of Tang Xuanzong, why did he cover his face? We will immediately think of Li Shangyin's? How the four centuries for the son of heaven, less than the Lu family have Mo Chou? He hated, hated his own incompetence, the son of heaven could not save his beloved woman, hated the ruthlessness of the courtiers, to force the death of his beloved concubine, hated An Lushan's righteousness, he once trusted him so much! But what can he do? Only? Cover his face? Only, only! Looking back at the blood and tears and flow? The pain in his heart is really surging. When we laughed at Altair on the seventh day of the seventh month? July 7, the Palace of Eternal Life, no one whispered in the middle of the night? The oath of alliance back then, now gone with the wind, has turned into a cruel cold joke, it is his own hands to send his beloved woman to the Yellow Springs Road! Too ironic, too dramatic, ? At the beginning believed in a great love, in the end, powerless to see that the strong is fate.?
So, the latter portrayal of Tang Xuanzong's thoughts on the noble consort is perhaps more of a kind of pain, a kind of guilt, right, because of this, this pain is that pain! This pain is that bitter, Tang Xuanzong's world is not the beginning of snow, but has long been frozen.
5, which verses in the text show the infatuation of Yang Guifei?
Students find, and then answer, the teacher camera point.
Nine, analyze the theme
Q: Long Hate Song, hate is what it means? The first thing you need to do is to get a good understanding of the subject matter of the song. What do you hate? Why do you hate?
1: ? The word "hate" is the key to the emotion of the poem. The two words are the core of the poem's emotion. Long is time, a witness to the prolongation of feelings, hate is heavy regret, representing the depth of feelings and the heaviness of pain. The meaning of hate can vary depending on the theme orientation. Regret, remorse, and sorrow at the same time.
生乙：不仅仅是遗憾，唐玄宗重美色而误国，杨贵妃迷惑君王而致? The Anshi Rebellion? , so the hate here, and the meaning of regret and pain.
2: First of all, Li and Yang in hate, they sincerely love each other, but can not live together, fell into the human immortal two confused.
3: There is also the poet's hate, the reader's hate, for Li, Yang's love tragedy and regret, regret.
4: Poets and readers not only hate for the tragedy of love, but also regret the political tragedy caused by the tragedy of love.
Teacher summary: Tang Xuanzong's desolation and misuse of the country led to a political tragedy, which in turn led to the tragedy of love between him and Yang Guifei. The maker of the tragedy ends up being the hero of the tragedy, which is the special, twisted part of the story and the reason why the hero and heroine in the poem ? Long Hate? s reason.
On the basis of student discussion, summarize the theme of the poem
What is the main idea of the Song of Long Hate? There have been many different opinions. There are three representative opinions:
(1) Irony. It is to write about Emperor Tang Xuanzong as an emperor only. It is believed that the poem is a satirical reference to the love affair between Li and Yang, which led to the An Shi Rebellion by Li Longji, who was greedy for sex and misled the country. The An Shi Rebellion. It is a warning to the supreme ruler that he should learn a lesson from the past and avoid making the same mistake. As for the portrayal of long hatred in the second half of the poem, it is not to sympathize with Li and Yang, nor to sing their praises. Instead, it is to satirize Li Longji through the wretched scene that he lost everything in his later years, and then to taste the bitter fruits of his misuse of the country in the end. It shows that as an emperor, the first thing you need to do is to love the country, and if you lose the country, you will also lose the beauty. The emperor's love for beauty is even more important than his love for the country.
(2) love. Tang Xuanzong as a mortal write. (Bai Juyi said this is a rare thing on earth) that in the first half of the poem, there is some irony and dissatisfaction with Li and Yang's wastefulness and abandonment of the country, but this is not the main theme. However, this is not the main theme of the poem. Most of the poem describes the love encounters between the two men and glorifies their love for each other. Commentators also believe that the love between Li and Yang written in the poem has actually transcended the historical facts and has a certain typical significance. Through this love tragedy, the author glorifies people's steadfastness and devotion to love, and reflects people's pursuit of and aspiration for perfect love. Although Li and Yang were imperial concubines, their love was consistent with the people's life and feelings.
(3) Dual theme. It is the emperor is also an ordinary person. That the poem on the one hand, Li and Yang's licentiousness and intemperance to bring about chaos for the obvious satire, on the other hand, the two love tragedy and each other's sincere love for each other with deep sympathy, but also more in favor of the latter. Throughout the poem, there is a duality, a conflict between Li and Yang, who are both the makers and bearers of the love tragedy. The embodiment of the conflict is mainly the two characters themselves, and the inevitable result of the conflict is the characters' long hatred.
What do you think of the three statements? Why?
Hint: To analyze the theme of The Song of Everlasting Hatred, it is important to note that this is a narrative poem, which tells a complete story. Li and Yang's earlier pleasure and later hatred are integral parts of the story. Moreover, there is an inherent logical connection between the two. Earlier pleasure is the cause of the later loss of life of the princess, each other long hatred of the obvious reasons, and long hatred is Li, Yang, the inevitable result of prostitution and misuse of the country, and ultimately affected their own. Therefore, to highlight or ignore any one of these aspects will jeopardize the integrity of the story, will cut off the internal logic of the plot and the causal links between the front and back of the story to make the story lose its original special significance, and of course, its commentaries will be difficult to comply with the reality of the work and the author's original intention.
Secondly, it should also be noted that: this is a love tragedy by the author's artistic treatment, as a tragedy in the two protagonists, Li, Yang has a special dual identity: on the one hand, the two of their obscene pleasure triggered the Anshi Rebellion, from a certain point of view, but also the tragedy of the maker; on the other hand, the Anshi Rebellion occurred so that they are dead and alive in a different place, no time to see each other, and eat the fruit of their own, and therefore the bearer of this tragedy. On the other hand, the An Shi Rebellion caused them to die and meet each other in different places without any time to see each other. Commenting on the theme of The Song of Eternal Hatred, we must take this into account, because it is a necessary precondition for us to analyze and understand the author's attitude towards this tragedy and his emotional tendency.
Once again, and most importantly, attention must be paid to the author's right and wrong attitudes and emotional tendencies toward the tragedy. To Li, Yang's entertainment of the country, the author is obviously intended to criticize and ridicule, which is from? The emperor of the Han Dynasty is a colorful thought of the country? The author's criticism of Li and Yang's entertainment is clearly intended to criticize and ridicule the country. From then on, the king did not go to court in the morning? The author is obviously intended to criticize and contain ridicule, this from? The king has no time to enjoy the banquet, the spring from the spring tour night specializing in the night? What's your name? Slow song and dance, the king is not enough to see all day? and other phrases can be clearly seen. However, with the development of the storyline and the tragedy, the author's attitude towards Li and Yang shifted from criticism and sarcasm to pity and sympathy. This can be seen from? The king could not be saved by covering his face? The author's attitude towards Li and Yang has changed from criticism and sarcasm to compassion and sympathy. The author's attitude towards Li and Yang has changed from criticism and sarcasm to compassion and sympathy. The author's attitude towards Li and Yang has changed from criticizing and satirizing to pitying and sympathizing. "The water of the river and the mountains of Shu are green, and the holy lord is in love with them all the time. But you can't go here? What's your name? I can't see my face dying? What's your name? Hibiscus like face, willow like eyebrows, how can I not cry? What's your name? The fireflies fly in the evening hall, and the lonely lamps are all picked out without sleeping? And so on and so forth, a lot of emotionally charged descriptions, you can get a very obvious and strong feelings. Admittedly, as the bearer of the tragedy, the author of Li, Yang deep sympathy; as the maker of the tragedy, the author of Li, Yang and some condemnation. However, the author's condemnation has its own foothold, that is, the arbitrary indulgence of Li and Yang, not only to cause trouble to the state, endangering the country's grain and grain, but also to bring great misfortune to themselves, eating their own bitter fruits, not to expose and criticize the ruler's despicable corruption (although the poem objectively has the role of this understanding). Otherwise, why did the author spend so much ink to write and render the long hatred of Li and Yang? Even according to the According to the theorists, this is an ironic statement. According to irony theorists, this is? Through the wretched scene of Li Longji losing everything in his later years, it is a hidden irony?
These are the most important of all, and the most important of all is the fact that they are the most important of all.
The teacher guides students to think, what is the focus of this unit? If students can't answer, ask them to look at the instructions for Unit 1? Knowing people by their will? The first is to look at the first unit's description. What does it mean to be a person who knows the world by what he or she wants to do? Tell the students, we should also know the world when we analyze the theme of the Song of Eternal Hatred, we should y explore their lives and people, a comprehensive understanding of the environment and the era in which he lived.
Although Bai Juyi's original intention of composing the Song of Long Hate was to ? to punish the You, to stifle the disordered order, and to hang on to the future? , in the first half of the poem, he satirized and criticized the desolation of Emperor Tang Ming Huang, but, as he wrote it, because of his own experience of love, and because he also experienced a desperate love, so in the later part of the poem, it turned into a sympathy for the love of Tang Yang, and in the end, it turned into a song of glorification of the love of Tang Yang.
Teachers projected relevant information: the tragedy of love between Bai Juyi and Xiang Ling.
Bai Juyi was very close to his childhood sweetheart, Xiang Ling, but Xiang Ling was from the urban poor, while Bai Juyi was from a family of officials and eunuchs, and Bai Juyi's mother, who had a very strong sense of propriety, would never approve of their marriage. In the fall of 804, when Bai Juyi was thirty-three years old, he became a scholar in Chang'an and had to move his family there. He went home and begged his mother again to allow him to marry Xiang Ling, but his mother, who had the highest authority over her children's marriages, not only refused his request, but also prevented them from seeing each other while the family was moving out of the city. Bai Juyi only went to say goodbye to Xiangling quietly when he finished moving and before he left. For fear of alarming others, the two of them neither dared to speak nor cry when they met. The extremely suppressed pain and sorrow was then reflected in this poem "Farewell", in which Bai Juyi wrote: "I shall not cry, I shall part; I shall not cry, I shall part. I can't cry, I'm parting; I can't speak, I'm secretly thinking of each other, no one knows what's going on outside of my two hearts. The deep cage at night locks the solitary bird, the sharp sword spring breaks the connecting branches. Although the river is turbid, there is a clear mouth, although the head of the bird is black, there is a white time. The only thing that we can do is to part with each other in secret, and we are willing to do so without a second thought. The first time I saw this is when I was a kid, and I was a kid, and I was a kid.
Bai Juyi in the process of poetic creation, into his own emotional experience, he put his own love tragedy into the poem, so that the Tang and Yang out of the historical archetype, re-artistic processing and transformation, giving the Tang and Yang a broader and more beautiful connotation. Tang is no longer the image of a despotic and unchecked ruler, Yang is not the traditional redhead who acts as a scourge, their love is embellished and elevated, which has a more universal value, and becomes an ode to people's persistence in the pursuit of true love in the world, and it is precisely because of this that the poem has gained an eternal artistic charm, and has become a classic of love that will never wither.
X. Artistic Characteristics of the Song of Eternal Hatred
What touches you most about this poem? Think about what kind of writing techniques Bai Juyi used to move you?
1. The poem is written in seven lines, with a new tone based on the inheritance of "Southeast Flight of the Peacock" from the Han Dynasty and the "Seven Ancient Songs of the Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty" from the early Tang Dynasty. In form, the poem adopts a rhythmic line with the level and oblique tone, using couplets between them, several lines with a change of rhyme, and the syllables twist and turn with the plot and staccato according to the feelings, while the use of many top-needle frames, such as ? Harem beauty three thousand people, three thousand favorites in one? and so on, making the rhyme more harmonious and bright, and moving. It is called "Changqing Style" by later generations. Changqing body?
2. Storyline vivid twists and turns
① The combination of real and imaginary plots, so that the poem is rich in legend and romantic colors.
② Using the technique of opening and closing, make the plot tumble and change.
3. portraying the characters in a subtle manner
① Li Longji: lustful and seductive, sincere and persistent in love
② Yang Yuhuan: beauty and fidelity
3. narrative, lyrical and descriptive melting into one furnace
Combined with the second and third stanzas of the poem, the poem is a great example of how to make the world a better place. The LIXIL Palace is high up in the green clouds.
This is a narrative poem with a strong lyrical component, the poet in the narrative story and characterization, using the traditional poetry of our country is good at the lyrical approach, the narrative, landscape and lyricism harmoniously combined together to form the lyrical characteristics of the poem back and forth. The poet sometimes injects the character's thoughts and feelings into the scenery, and uses the refraction of the scenery to emphasize the character's state of mind; sometimes he seizes the characteristic scenery and things around the character, and expresses his inner feelings through the character's feelings about them, rendering them layer by layer, and properly expressing the character's deep-seated feelings of difficulty.
Summary:
As a narrative poem for the ages, The Song of Eternal Hatred is a great achievement in art. Throughout the ages, many people have affirmed the special artistic charm of this poem. What infects and seduces the readers of The Song of Everlasting Hatred artistically? I am afraid that its moving and lingering sentimentality is its greatest artistic personality and its power to attract readers over the centuries and make them infected and seduced. And? Multi-themed? The projector shows.