Siantian supervisor, is the name of the official department, the function is in charge of observing astronomy, and projecting the calendar, the beginning of the Yuan dynasty in charge of astronomy and calendar image of the central institutions. Later, it became an astronomical school. Jin dynasty set up the heavenly platform, under the secretary supervisor, in charge of astronomy and calendars, wind and clouds weather, and teaching students. Set point, supervisor, less supervisor, judges, professors, the Division of the sky tube hook and so on. Jurisdiction of astronomy, calendars, three types, test, leakage carving sections. The beginning of the Yuan due to the gold system, the establishment of the Division of heaven, under the Secretary of the Supervisory.
Basic introduction Chinese name: Sitian Supervision Foreign name: Imperial Astronomer Position requirements: to undertake the observation of celestial phenomena, the promulgation of the calendar Official rank: Supervisor of the first, Supervisor of the deputy Introduction, history, the Tang Book, the New Tang Book, the Song Huiyao, the Ming Dynasty Sitian Supervision, the Calendar, Guo Shoujing, the Qing Dynasty, Chintian Supervision, Introduction The Shizuizu to the eleventh year of the Yuan dynasty (1274), and the return to the Sitiantai merged into a single and the following year enrolled students into the station, the first year of the Yuan dynasty, the second year of the Qing dynasty. In the following year, he recruited students to study at the station. In the fifteenth year (1278), a separate Imperial College of History was set up to stand alongside Sitiantai, and the Observatory was awarded the title of Imperial College of History, while Sitiantai only taught students and became an astronomical school. Yanyouyuan year (1314) was renamed as the Secretary for Heavenly Supervision. Rank is three. Seven years (1320) down to the fourth rank. Set up a point of reference 1 member, 3 members of the Secretary for heavenly supervision, 5 members of the lesser supervisor, 4 members of the Prime Minister, 1 member of the governor, a number of officials, such as the Secretary of the order. Officials have to learn, professor, school, and astronomy, calendar, three style, test, leakage carving of all subjects tube hooks, yin and Yang tube hooks, escort hosts, the Secretary for the official. Rated astronomical students 75 people. In the past dynasties, there were a lot of astronomical supervisors, but the names were different. Zhou Dynasty, there is too much history, after the Qin and Han Dynasties, there is too much history order. The Sui Dynasty set up the Tai Shi Supervisor, and the Tang Dynasty set up the Tai Shi Bureau, which was later changed to the Si Tian Tai and subordinated to the Secretary Province. In the Song and Yuan dynasties, there was the Imperial Supervisor of Heaven, and in the Yuan dynasty, there was the Imperial Historical Academy, which had three bureaus: the Bureau of Projections, the Bureau of Tests, and the Bureau of Leakage and Engravings. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was the H?ng H?ng Si Tien Supervisor in the 17th year of the reign of Emperor Zhi Yuan (1280), with the task of "observing the image of the diffraction of the calendar". At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there were Siantian Supervision and Hui Hui Siantian Supervision, with four sections of astronomy, omission carving, Daitong calendar, Hui Hui calendar; Hongwu three years (1370) was renamed Chintian Supervision, and the Qing Dynasty was called Chintian Supervision and set up Supervisor, Supervisor, Deputy and other officials. After the Ming Dynasty, that is, there are European missionaries to join, the second year of Hongwu (1369) Arab Rumi country of the black children, Madrudin, Maha Ma father and son successively served as a supervisor. In the early Qing Dynasty, Tang Ruowang revised the "Shi Xian Calendar". According to the Book of Tang, Yuan Tiangang was a native of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, and served as a salt official during the Sui Dynasty. In Luoyang, he read the faces of Du Yan, Wang Gui, and Wei Ting, and predicted that Du Yan would be famous for his writings, Wang Gui would be an official of the fifth rank in less than ten years, and Wei Ting, whose face was like that of a tiger, would be an official of the armed forces. It was also predicted that all three of them would be demoted and condemned after serving in the government, and that they would meet again at that time. Sure enough, in the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Gao Zu Wude years, Du Yan to serve the royal historian selected Tian Ce Bachelor; by the Crown Prince Li Jiancheng recommended Wang Gui to become the fifth Prince of the Crown Prince; Wei Ting to become a military officer, the left rate of the guards. When the three of them were enjoying a smooth career, they were not expected to be implicated in the palace coup and were relegated to Junzhou, where they met Yuan Tiangang again. Yuan Tiangang again face predicted that "Gong and other final and noble", and finally to the third grade, the three prospects and the end of the later to verify that they are not what they expected. In the early years of Emperor Tang Taizong's reign, Yuan Tiangang was already famous for his face reading predictions. Emperor Tang Taizong, Li Shimin, summoned Yuan Tiangang and praised him for the profoundness of his magic and asked him, "There was Junping (Yan Junping, a master of magic in the Han Dynasty) in ancient times, but now I've got you, how is that?" Yuan Tiangang replied that Yan Junping was born at the wrong time, and that I was much stronger than him! He was asked to read the faces of Zhang Xingcheng, Ma Zhou and other important ministers of Zhenguan in Jucheng Palace, and his predictions were always accurate. Yuan Tiangang's most famous legendary deed of physiognomy was to read the face of Empress Wu Zetian, as recorded in the Book of the Two Tang Dynasty. When Wu Zetian was still in her infancy, Yuan Tiang was surprised to see her mother, Yang, and said, "Your wife is going to give birth to a noble son!" Wu Zetian's mother led her two sons Wu Yuanqing and Wu Yuanshuang out for Yuan Tiangang to read their faces, but Yuan Tiangang said that he could be an official of the third grade, but only to protect the family's main son, which is not considered to be very noble. Yang also called out Wu Zetian's sister (later named Mrs. Korea) for Yuan Tiangang to look at, Yuan Tiangang said, "This woman is expensive but not good for her husband!" Finally, the nanny carried out dressed in boy's clothes dressed Wu Zetian, Yuan Tiangang saw the swaddling clothes of Wu Zetian was shocked, said she "dragon pupil phoenix neck, very expensive test also! But also regretted to say: it is a pity that it is a boy, "If it is a woman, as the son of heaven!" The course of history has been his words in advance. In folklore, Yuan Tiangang's magical story is more, the most widely circulated legend is that Wu Zetian had asked Li Chunfeng and Yuan Tiangang two people for her to go to choose the mausoleum dragon point survey. First of all, Li Chunfeng ran for 9981 days, found small Liangshan dragon cave auspicious soil, buried a copper coin; and let Yuan Tiangang go out to look for, with 779 days also found the place, then from the head to pull a silver hairpin inserted. Wu Zetian asked people to verify whether the two selected dragon cave auspicious soil is the same, the results of digging a look, Yuan Tiangang's silver hairpin just inserted in the square hole of the coin. The folk believe that Yuan Tiangang is the Star of Wisdom of the Big Dipper, so he is also called "Yuan Tiangang". New Book of Tang (新唐书) The New Book of Tang (新唐书) also records that Gao Shilian saw that Yuan Tiangang's predictions for other people were very accurate, so he asked Yuan Tiangang to see what kind of official he could be in the end. Yuan Tiangang thanked him and said, "I know my destiny, and by April of this summer, I will have reached my end." As expected, Yuan Tiangang died in the post of "Order of the Volcano". The Old Book of Tang records that Yuan Tiangang's post of "Order of the Volcano" was "Order of the Fire Well". "Volcano order" or "fire well order" or, what is the official is not easy to prove, presumably may be working divination and witchcraft, should belong to the court "priesthood" type of officials. Song will be SutenkaiSong will be
Taizong Taiping Xingguo six years in March, called Sutenkai students Zheng Zhaoyan, Shi Changxu, Xu Dan, Shi Xu, bundle of Shouji and other five people test in front of the temple, and authorized Sutenkai book.
Eight years in March, the order of the State Prison Chen E right [Division] Tiantai (Taiwan Affairs).
In September of the first year of the Duan Gong, the autumn official is Miao Shouxin for the Crown Prince Zhongyun, judgment of the Secretary for the Heavenly Supervisor, the Supervisor Ding Wenjing for the winter official is deputy to the judgment of the Secretary for the Heavenly Supervisor, Dr. Ma Shao of the Taishang for the De'an state Yingcheng county magistrate, with the same judgment of the Supervisor of the spring official is Chu Zhilan for the Cai state Suiping county magistrate.
In November of the first year of the Zhidao era, with the Palace of the Prime Minister, the same judgment of the Siantian Supervisor Miao Shouxin right to know the Siantian lesser supervisor, the judgment of the Supervisor, established under the present product. Ming Dynasty Sitian Supervisors The Calendar of the Granting of Time The Calendar of the Granting of Time accurately spelled out the number of days in a year, formally abolishing the Shangyuan Jiyuan (上元积年), and is a celestial instrument of great importance in China. Guo Shoujing Guo Shoujing (1231-1316), courtesy name Ruosi, was a Han Chinese, a native of Xingtai County, Shunde Province (present-day Xingtai County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province). He was a famous astronomer, mathematician, and water conservancy engineering expert of the Yuan Dynasty. In his early years, he studied under Liu Bingzhong and Zhang Wenqian, and became the official of the Imperial Historian, the university scholar of Zhaowenkan, and the governor of the Imperial Historian's Office, and was known as "Guo Taishi". In 1316, Guo Shoujing died at the age of eighty-six. He was the author of fourteen astronomical and calendrical works, including Push Step and Lixing. Qing Dynasty Chingtian Superintendent Tang Ruowang (Catholic priest, Jesuit missionary friar, German) Nan Huairen (Catholic priest, Jesuit missionary friar, Belgian) Min Mingmei (Philippus Maria Grimaldi, 1639-1712, Catholic priest, Jesuit missionary friar, Belgian) - Domingo Fernández Navarrete (1610-1689), Spaniard, impostor of the Dominican missionary friar Sancho Pereira (1645-1708), Catholic priest, Jesuit missionary friar, Portuguese) Antoine Thomas (1644-1708), Catholic priest, Jesuit missionary friar, Portuguese) Antoine Thomas (1644-1709), Catholic priest, Jesuit missionary monk, Belgian) Gillian Soderchau, Foo Man Kao, Nanymede Kao Shouqian