In the long-term circulation, through the continuous creation of folk artists, the formation of different regions have different styles and characteristics of lion dance.
For example, Beijing Gaobeidian's "Lion Dance" is famous for the weight of its lion head, which weighs more than 90 pounds; Hebei Xushui County's lion dance is robust and capable of leaping up to five square tables and performing on the tabletop;
Anhui's "Hand Lion" is small and delicate; Shandong's "Big Lion" is in the midst of smoke and fumes, leaping up and down, which is both thrilling and brave;
Sichuan's "High Platform Lion" and In ethnic minority areas, there is also the custom of lion dance, the Tibetan "Snow Lion" in Qinghai Province is very characteristic. The Guangdong Waking Lion Dance has gained a high reputation both at home and abroad for its unique shape, majestic drumming and southern school of martial arts, and has a far-reaching influence.
The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, and on May 20, 2006, the Lion Dance was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. Hebei is the birthplace of the northern lion. Xushui County Beili Village Lions Club was founded in 1925, in the form of folk flower clubs, the Chinese People's **** and the founding of the country was able to develop rapidly.
Xushui lion dance activities mainly in the Spring Festival and the spring temple during the festival, the performance by two people before and after the cooperation, the former two-handed props worn on the head to play the lion's head, the latter leaned over and grabbed the former waist with both hands, cloaked in cattle hair decorated into a lion skin decorative cover to play the lion's body, two people cooperating to pretend to be a big lion, called the lion, too lion; the other by a person wearing a lion's head mask, clad in a lion's skin to play the small lion, called the lion, the less lion; The person holding the embroidered ball to attract the lion is called the lion-attractor.
The lion guide has an important role in the whole lion dance activities, he should not only have a heroic spirit, but also have good martial arts, can perform "front flip over the lion", "backflip on the high table", "cloud flip down the plum blossom pile" and other actions. The lion guide and the lion work well together. The tacit cooperation between the lion guide and the lion forms an important feature of the northern lion dance. The basic feature of Xushui Lion Dance is its exaggerated appearance, with a big round head, big eyes, big mouth opening and closing, which is not only majestic but also naive, and when performing, it can imitate the real lion's movements of looking, standing, walking, running, jumping, rolling, sleeping and shaking hair, etc., with realistic forms, and it can also show the movements of "playing with the bench", "plum blossom pile", "jumping pile", "jumping pile" and so on. "Jumping Pile", "Jumping Pile", "Jumping Pile", "Shining and Moving Modeling", "360 Degree Twisting and Bending ", "Independent Single Pile Jump", "Front Flip Second Level Down Pile", "Back Flip Down Pile" and other difficult skills.
The Xushui Lion Dance occupies an important position in Chinese folk art performances. In 1953, it went to Beijing, the capital, to take part in the National Folk Art Concert, and represented the country in many performances. It won the first prize in the competition of "The Fourth World Youth Festival" held in Bucharest, the capital of Romania. Hebei Provincial Acrobats Association in October 2001 officially named Beili Village as "acrobatic lion dance township". Due to the expensive lion dance props, training newcomers is not easy, Xushui Lion Dance is facing a crisis of inheritance, urgently need to be rescued by the relevant departments, support. Shanxi Xiangfen Tao Temple of the lion dance began in the Sui and Tang dynasties, through the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, enduring, known as the "Tower of Heaven Lion Dance". The Lion Dance of the Heavenly Pagoda has the artistic characteristics of surprise, danger, oddity, absolute and beauty. Pagoda towering, action ups and downs, amazing; performance process contains scientific principles of mechanics, coupled with security measures to protect, looks dangerous is not dangerous; lion eyes, tongue, tail activities freely, can do the export of spit banners and other performances, make people feel rare.
Tianta Lion Dance in the power into the skills, stunts in the penetration of culture, is a masterpiece; this high-platform performances, aerial modeling beautiful, showing the charm of the people.
The Tianta Lion Dance has a unique form of performance and superb stunts. The Tianta Lion Dance was awarded the Excellence Prize of the Seventh Art Festival of China and the Gold Prize of the First and Third Plaza Culture Festival of Shanxi Province.
Rescue, protect, study the lion dance, aesthetics, folklore and music and dance history of the study are very important significance. The "Huangsha Lion" was first created during the Northern Song Dynasty, and is mainly active in the Huangshayang area of Baishuiyang Township in the northwest mountainous area of Linhai City, Zhejiang Province. This place is plagiarized, simple and ancient, advocating the practice of martial arts, and lion dance custom has a long history.
The biggest feature of this traditional performing art is that it skillfully combines the exquisite martial arts of the folk and the traditional lion dance performance, and the dance and the martial arts are one. It can not only roll and play on the ground, but also perform a variety of funny movements on the high platform. During the performance, while the actors are flying on the Eight Immortals' Table, they also play "crossing the hall", "somersaulting on the table", "crawling under the point", "hanging table feet", "stacking table feet", "stacking table feet" and "stacking table feet". "table jumping" is the most difficult part of the performance. Jumping table is the whole performance in the higher difficulty, four dozen tables were stacked in a trapezoidal shape, jumping table to the highest, by nine tables stacked up about three feet high, a "perfect" word fell on the highest of the ninth table on the four feet - table feet to the sky, an artist on these four tables, the table feet to the sky. The artist moves across these four table feet, taking off his shoes and socks to show off his skills.
Huangsha lion dance martial arts as a whole, entertaining the gods and people, rigid and flexible, with a unique local cultural characteristics, and sends the people's good expectations, from the beginning of the New Year's Day 30 to the beginning of the second this period of time in February, the artists have to go to the village to the countryside to perform. Huangsha lion in the center of the region Huangshayang and its spread of the people pray for good weather, grain harvests, people and wealth, auspicious and safe, are looking forward to the lion dance for them to give good luck, eliminating disasters and blessings, and spend the festivals in a lively manner.
Huangsha lion has research value in folklore, sociology, aesthetics, anthropology and other aspects. With the rapid economic development of China's eastern seaboard, the aesthetic concepts of traditional society and the cultural lifestyle of mutation, today less than 10 living old artists can perform the yellow sand lion, this very ornamental form of traditional folk dance is faced with the crisis of the generation and loss of heritage. Wake up the lion, belongs to the Chinese lion dance in the southern lion. Historically, it was born from the Tang Dynasty Palace Lion Dance, and after the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, with the migration of immigrants from the Central Plains to the south, the lion dance culture was introduced to the Lingnan region. During the Ming Dynasty, the Waking Lion appeared in Guangdong, originating in Nanhai County. It was spread among overseas Chinese in Guangdong, Guangxi and Southeast Asian countries; in Guangdong, it is mainly distributed in Foshan, Suixi, Guangzhou and other counties and cities.
The lion dance is a cultural activity that integrates martial arts, dance and music. During the performance, the gongs and drums ring, the lion dancers first play a burst of Nanquan, which is known as "open pile", and then by two people play a lion dance, another person wearing a smiling face "big head Buddha", holding a large sunflower fan to lead the lion on the stage. Lion dancers movements are mostly based on the Nanquan horse stance, lion movements are "open eyes", "wash beard", "lick body", "shake hair The lion's movements include "opening eyes", "washing the beard", "licking the body" and "shaking the hair". The main routines are "Caiqing", "drinking water on the high platform", "lion spitting ball", "stepping on the plum blossom pile", etc. Among them, "Caiqing" is the most popular lion movement. Among them, "Caiqing" is the essence of the lion dance, which has the process of starting, carrying on, turning, and merging, with drama and storytelling. The "Caiqing" has undergone changes and has given rise to a variety of routines, which have been widely circulated.
The Suixi Lion Dance has evolved from the traditional ground lion to the stool lion, and from the stool lion to the high platform lion and the gorgon lion, and from the gorgon lion to the pile lion. Pile lion's difficulty is also increasing, such as the addition of tightrope walking, jumping in the air and other performance categories. The highest pile close to 3 meters, spanning a maximum of 3.7 meters, fully embodies the "new, high, difficult, dangerous" features, known as "China's best". Guangzhou City, the sand pit lion props modeling is characterized by: lion head forehead high and narrow, eyes large and can turn, mouth wide with a pen, back wide, nose collapse, cheeks full, teeth can be hidden and exposed. The performances are divided into three categories: Wen Lion, Lion Dance and Young Lion. Through on the ground or pile array on the Teng, move, flash, pounce, pirouette, leap and other difficult movements interpretation of the lion joy, anger, sadness, happiness, movement, quiet, shock, doubt eight state, the lion's performance of the mighty and strong.
Since ancient times, Guangdong lion dance has been regarded as a lucky charm to drive away evil spirits and avoid harm, and every festival or major event will be accompanied by a lion dance, which has flourished and been passed down from generation to generation.
Since the 1980s, almost all townships have their own lion team, all year round, the opening ceremony drums and gongs, festivals, the lion team will be on the streets to pick green, tour. The popularization of lion art among the masses in towns and villages is also unprecedented. Guangdong Lion Dance has become a nationally recognized folk dance brand unique to Guangdong. Lion dance activities have also been widely spread in overseas Chinese communities, becoming a cultural bridge for overseas compatriots to recognize their ancestors and return to their ancestors, and its cultural value and significance is very far-reaching. The lion dance originated from Buddhism, first appeared in the form of "flower party", started in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The countryside of the house entrance, both sides of the bridge, public **** site, etc. are still distributed in different forms of stone lions, people to the lion as a protection against evil things, symbols of good luck, and in the worship of God and ancestor, the custom of the lion dance to send a good harvest, the good wishes of peace. Lion dance is generally in the first month or festivals by the lion class up to a specific organization to carry out activities. Every time the lion class into the village performance, there is a special person to report, and blowing horns, gongs, drums, firecrackers, enthusiastic and extraordinary, signaling the arrival of good luck.
Lincheng green lion by the early 20th century, living in Changxing, Henan people into the local. According to the teachings of the old artists, there is a "green lion" in ancient times, it is brave and warlike, in order to defend the country, loyal and unyielding, die to protect the imperial residence, vindicated the traitorous civil unrest, the emperor in order to reward it, specially given to the throne, the pen "Lion King Zhenzha" also came from this, and then through the
Lincoln City, the city's largest city, is the largest city in the United States, with a population of over 1,000,000, and the largest city in the world.
Lincheng green lions are generally by the "rush wind" gongs and drums (can also play special music), "green lions" body for the green, the lion's head is smaller, each lion by two people play, the former hands hold the lion's head props to wear on the head, the latter leaned over and grabbed the former's belt, the body of the lion's head. The former holds the lion head props on his head with both hands, while the latter bends down and grasps the belt of the former, clad in a lion skin made of hemp and wool. Drums and gongs, a pair of lions (a female and a male) dance, the performance is very flexible, its movements are jumping, jumping, lion upright, two lions on the kiss, scratching, lion climbing the table, lion off the table before jumping, lion off the table, side jumping, lion rolling, etc., the lion dancers movement is difficult to go through a lot of hard work and training to be able to do it.
In addition to the first month of the "Baymenzi", Lin Cheng green lion and "play the field" show, that is, every festive season in rural villages for the collective performance, and by the foreman of the staff to perform "shouting color! "that is, while the lion dance while singing some words of good luck (commonly known as" to seek luck "), but there is no formal tune, the leading lion is to perform" containing color ", that is, the master will be tied to a red packet on a stick in the The lion raised, the lion with its mouth to catch the red packet, the higher the red packet to give more money, commonly known as "catching the color". In the "hit the ground" there is a performance action locally known as "backpack", the lion dance will be in the original performance of the action on the basis of the integration of some of the martial arts and acrobatic movements, skills are more high, the scene is also more exciting. The whole lion dance is usually performed for about 15 minutes, and the gong can be closed only after performing three sections. Lion Dance has been popular in Liangzhou for a long time, and it spread to Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty, becoming an indispensable program in the court music and dance. At that time, whether it was a palace banquet, welcome the envoys, or celebrate the success of the ceremony, the lion dance performed by Xi Liang Shu as one of the main programs.
In Liangzhou, in addition to the Spring Festival, the lion dance is often performed on other festive occasions. General lion dance, is two people cooperate to play a big lion, commonly known as "too lion; a person play a small lion, commonly known as "less lion"; another person for the warrior, play the role of command and control. So far, Liangzhou folk in some places of the samurai, the costume is still "hu man", holding an embroidered ball as a guide, and first open fist kicking, tossing and jumping to lure the lion dance. Play embroidered ball warrior and play the lion, should have a strong body, exquisite martial arts and skillful and accurate coordination, in order to be able to handle, perform freely. Lion dance before and during the performance, firecrackers should be set off for the lion to cheer. After a burst of firecrackers, in the smoke flying, the lion with the light, heavy, fast, slow, and drums and drums point light, heavy, fast, slow, and suddenly look up, and suddenly look back, and suddenly look back to prostrate, and suddenly wagging his head and tail, and suddenly chased with the lesser lions run, a thousand different, interesting and wonderful. The masters can even imitate the lion's many actions, such as licking hair, rubbing feet, scratching the head, wash the ears, worship, tumbling, etc., are exquisite, very realistic.
There is another way to play the lion dance, that is, two big lions, a male and a female, male lions all over the body for the golden hair, female lions all over the body for the green hair, each rate of two small lions to perform. The performance of the program is basically similar to on, but the most interesting is the performance to the climax, the female lion has a "cub" performance. "Before giving birth, the lioness performs a variety of "prenatal signs", such as standing upright, rolling over, shaking her head, tossing her tail, moving her eyes, shaking her fur, etc., to show her prenatal labor pains. Immediately afterward, the lioness lies prone on the ground, trembling all over, appearing to be in great pain. At this time, the lion warrior will lead the lioness to the embroidered ball in front of the head of the lioness, firecrackers handheld firecrackers, lit around the lion's body speed walking. Inside the performance venue, the sound of gongs and drums is more urgent, the sound of firecrackers, only to see the lioness in the shaking gradually stood up, lifting her legs to move forward. Lift a leg, crotch will roll out a lively and lovely lion cub, leaping and running, four hooves moving, a string of gold on the neck of the small Lingdang crisp sound. Then, the second, the third ...... can give birth to five or six small lions one after another. After the "maternity" lioness, full of motherhood after the joy of feelings, contrary to the former state, and all the small lion teasing and playing, exceptionally affectionate; people watching the dance also cheered. The lion is close to each other, heart to heart communication, forgetting, *** enjoy the happiness of heaven and family.
Liangzhou lion dance there is a thrilling and wonderful trick, that is, the high platform lion dance. The old high platform lion dance is generally in the first month, the city organized by the Chamber of Commerce, the rural areas by the social fire will be or water system organization. Before the performance, a square tower about ten meters high was built with a special long wooden bench. In order to maintain stability, the feet of the stool are padded with a thick layer of hemp paper. At the beginning of the show, the lion dancers hold the embroidered ball in their hands, flip a series of heels in the empty field under the tower, play a few kinds of punches and kicks, and then lead out the lions. In the sound of gongs and drums and firecrackers, the lion dancers climbed the tower and danced while climbing, teasing the lions with various movements. The lions, with their heads held high, climb up the wooden tower under the guidance of the embroidered balls and make various thrilling maneuvers as they climb up the steps. Especially after climbing to the top of the tower, there are some difficult and wonderful performances. After the show, the lion dancers turned down the top of the tower, the lion mouth wooden stool, layer by layer demolition and down, as if playing acrobatics, very thrilling.