First, test-taking skills
What-oriented question
1. Ask "What does this mean?"
What does this man imply?
What does the woman's answer imply?
What did the lady say ... (* * * appears 32 times)
2. Q: "What information or conclusions can you get from the conversation?"
What can we learn/know about this man?
What do we know from this woman's answer?
What can be infringed upon ... (* * * appears 37 times)
Ask "what to do"
What does this man promise to do? (* * * 14 times)
4. Ask, "What do you think of someone or something?"
How does this man feel about …? ... (4 times)
Summary: In the short dialogue section, what questions are most frequently examined, among which there are relatively few details and relatively many inferences.
Two: Common test questions types
1 cause and effect problems
Features: 1. At least one option implies that facts can lead to a certain result, and usually facts with several options can lead to the same result.
2. Words or phrases, if they can't, can't ... arrive, and may appear in the options.
3. Connect the information sentences before and after.
Sentences indicating the order and level of an article are generally guided by first, second and in the end, in addition, there are more and finally.
B. Sentences that express the turning point of meaning are usually guided by words such as but, however, on the contrary, unfortunately, however, however, there has never been such a word.
C sentences expressing causality are generally guided by "because", "since", "because", "therefore" and "as a result".
2. Career and identity issues
Features: In most cases, the options are in a fixed format, either four different occupations or four people with different identities.
A little remote, a little far away.
3. Long dialogue test-taking skills
Note: the dialogue in the form of question and answer is the focus of the exam and often falls on the answer. Moreover, not every group of questions and answers are the key points, and there is little correlation between the groups of questions that are the focus of the exam. In other words, the first question examines the main idea of the article, and the second question begins to examine several aspects of the dialogue respectively. Choose the most important question for each aspect. And some long dialogues also inherit an important way to examine the understanding of short passages, that is dialogue.
Methods: 1. The judgment of topic and scene-the key words in the first sentence reveal the answer.
In a long conversation, the first sentence after greeting usually leads to the topic, which is probably the theme of the conversation and the basis for answering questions about the theme, topic and scene. The correct answer is often the reproduction of core words, synonyms or natural inferences drawn from words.
2. Details-Choose what you hear.
The difference between short dialogue and short dialogue is that short dialogue generally adopts the principle of not choosing anything when you hear it, while long dialogue, on the other hand, focuses on those practical questions and answers, especially special questions.
3. Lock the answer according to the last core word.
One rule of a long conversation is to ask questions at the end, about what to do or what to suggest. So the key to answering the question is to lock the last core word.
Four. situation analysis
1. Educational affairs scene
Thinking of solving problems: The details, time, place, reasons for postponing or changing plans described by academic staff are often the focus of examination.
2. Course selection scenario
Thinking of solving problems: Students think the course is too difficult and the load is too heavy.
3. Make up lessons at the scene
Thinking of solving problems: The characters in the scene are usually remedial classes between classmates. When making up lessons, one party will have some questions and the other party will clarify them one by one.
4. Paper scenes
The way to solve the problem: The characters in the scene are usually professors and students, or students discuss. The topic of the paper is difficult to determine, the information is too difficult to find, the topic is too biased, the information is not available, the topic is too big, and the information to be found is too complicated.
5. Sports scenes
Solution: The purpose is not competition, but fun, fitness and making friends. Some sports, such as cycling, often exist in the form of teams, clubs or associations.
6. Renting scene
Thinking to solve the problem: Students generally tend to find low-priced houses, so the conditions of houses are generally poor. There are often some problems. Because the house is tight, the process of finding and renting a house is often not easy.
7. Eating scene
The way to solve the problem: often in the process of eating, if the waiting time is too long and the food is not satisfactory, you will complain and get compensation.
8. Job-related categories
Thinking of solving problems: the applicant introduces himself, such as education background, specialty, etc. Employers generally introduce the nature of work, salary and treatment, and commuting time.
9. Interview and discussion class
The way to solve the problem: the interviewee is successful in one or several aspects. The interviewer asks him about his achievements in one aspect, and the interviewee talks about his experience and puts forward future plans.
Exam-taking skills: Pay attention to repeated words, which usually give you some clues, and also help you recall the names you have heard in the topic, pay attention to the differences of each option, and pay attention to some different names, places and verbs.
Five: Proposition research
Methods: Pay attention to the beginning of the article, because Band 4 likes to put the center at the beginning of the article. It is also worth noting that the same word or similar words appear repeatedly in the article, and the options containing such words can better reflect the center and are usually the correct answers. Sentences once guided by causal conjunctions (because, so, because, etc. ) and turning conjunctions (such as but, how, through, etc. ) appears in the article.
Grasp the digital time
The date, time and frequency of 1. appearance, and the frequency and time in the article are definitely the focus of the exam.
There are more than two digital times in the article, and this sentence must contain the answer.
3. Digital time positioning includes two forms: chronological positioning and past and present comparative positioning.
4. When the digital time is combined with the superlative of the comparative degree, or when the digital time appears at the beginning and end of the article, the answer must be nearby.
Note: The question of reasoning and judgment is: What does the speaker care about most?
6. Test-taking skills of compound dictation
Features: The problem of singular and plural nouns has always been a key point in compound word dictation.
Methods: The first time: read the full text, fill in the blanks without stopping, listen mainly, understand and master the whole content and context with the help of written materials, fill in some words by the way, and take some notes.
The second time: try to remember the meaning groups of the sentences you hear and write them down quickly.
The third time: focus on making up what you have heard clearly and check if there are any mistakes. Write complete sentences, not single words or phrases.
Note: 1. If you can't hear or spell a word clearly, you can change the word or change the expression. Try to express the meaning of the article faithfully without language errors. If the sentence is too long to grasp every word accurately, you should try to understand the meaning of the sentence, write down the main points and keywords, and then try to express it in your own words. Keywords are generally notional words, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and so on.
2. Changes in the author's attitude and concerns caused by the turning point.
The answer is usually: it sounds great and interesting, but … ..
Suffixes have a great interference on solving problems, so be more careful when answering questions.
Four common ways of asking questions in listening comprehension
1. Themes and ideas
For example, what is the best title of this article?
Methods: Listen to the same words or the same kind of words that appear repeatedly at the beginning of the article, because the options containing such words can better reflect the central idea and are usually the correct answers.
2. Facts and details
The details of the investigation include: specific time, place, main figures or events, various figures, etc.
Methods: Be particularly sensitive to time and numbers, and pay special attention to sentences (because, so, because, etc.) guided by causal conjunctions. ) and turning conjunctions (such as but, how, through, etc. ).
3. True or false
Generally speaking, the word not is stressed.
4. Inference and speculation
For example, what does the speaker care about most?
Methods: It should be noted that the same thing as the content of the essay is not inference, and it must be inferred according to the viewpoint of the essay rather than your own viewpoint.
Listening part
Part I: 8 short dialogues and 2 long dialogues. There are 3-4 questions after each long conversation.
Part II: Three short articles.
Part III: Compound Dictation
Methods: You can preview the options of the listening part at the last audition time between 9: 55- 10: 00 after receiving the answer sheet I, and make full use of the options of scanning the paragraphs during this time to find out the themes of the three articles. It's not too late to read the four options in the first question of the short dialogue 6 seconds before the broadcast.
Note: the three parts of the listening test have not been explained before, so play the questions directly.
Section A long dialogue part: the focus is generally on the answers to questions and answers. Usually, the order of questions is the same as that of articles.
Section B: Grasp the beginning and end of the article. The time, people, place information, reasons and turning sentences of the article are particularly easy to find.
Section C focuses on listening, supplemented by taking notes. When you meet some articles and auxiliary verbs, you can omit them first For example, if you encounter some long phrases, you can write down the first letter of each word, or just remember the first three letters of a long word.
Ten scenes are often used in listening comprehension: study, weather, hospital, work, renting a house, entertainment, restaurant, course selection, thesis and library scenes.
speedread
Methods: skim it first, so as to quickly understand the central idea of the article. Look at the title first, then the first paragraph, grasp the central idea, then browse the first and last sentences of other paragraphs, finally look at the last paragraph, and then search, focusing on finding some specific information in the article.
Note: 1. If there is no subtitle, you need to quickly browse the first and last sentences of the first paragraph and the first sentences of subsequent paragraphs to understand the main content of the article.
2. Proposition points include: time, people, place, causal relationship, comparative relationship, conditional relationship, purpose, way, etc.
3. Time-related words or phrases: while, prior to, etc.
Words or phrases related to the purpose: in order to wait.
Words or phrases related to a way or condition: through, though, and so on.
Words or phrases with comparative relations: like, contrary, contrary, comparative degree and superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs, etc.
Causal words or phrases: belonging, originating, responsible, etc.
4. For sentence filling, after accurate positioning, carefully compare the original text and the missing parts to summarize and sort out the answers, and pay attention to the accuracy of content and form.
The general answer is three y's, three n's and one NG's.
UnderstandiNG: ng question: not given, that is, the information given in the article is not enough to make a judgment.
Question n: It is inconsistent with the original information. According to the original information, it can be judged that the expression of the question stem is inconsistent with the original, while ng is the original, and there is no relevant information at all.
(Note: When writing a question, you should judge whether it is a synonym replacement or a complete concept replacement of the original text, or it has nothing to do with the original text at all. )
Methods: Common criteria for judging right and wrong.
1. The statement consistent with the theme of the article must be judged as Y, otherwise it must be N, not NG.
2. Sentences that deviate from the topic of the article are judged as NG.
3. the statement that conforms to common sense can only be judged as non-n, or it is necessary to further judge whether the article is spoken or not. If it talks about it, it will be y, otherwise it will be NG.
4. A statement that doesn't conform to common sense can only be judged as Y, if it is mentioned in the text, it is N, otherwise it is NG.
5. The original text covers a wide range, but it is very specific, and it is judged as NG.
6. Reality and viewpoint cannot be confused. If the original text and the topic correspond to opinions and facts respectively, it can only be judged as NG.
Lexical understanding of discourse
Selection and use of adjectives
1. After BE verb or copula verb, you can choose to use adjectives as predicative, that is, be/link v.adj 。
Adverbs can modify adjectives. If there is an adverb before the space, you can also consider whether the space should be an adjective.
For example, meteorologists are still not completely sure what caused it or what affected its intensity.
Explanation: What this sentence lacks is the predication of ARE, because there is an adverb before the space, which can rule out the possibility that the space is a noun, and the space should be a participle of adjectives or verbs.
The Selection and Use of Adverbs
If the sentence in which the space is located has a complete subject and predicate, it is necessary to consider whether an adverb is needed here, which can be used to modify a degree state of the verb. If the sentence structure where the space is located is complete (there is no lack of necessary components), all that is needed is auxiliary components such as attributes or adverbials. For example, adverbs can be used as auxiliary components.
Selection and use of word segmentation
1. The past participle can be used as an adjective, indicating that the noun it modifies is passive or has happened.
2. The present participle can be used as an adjective, indicating that the noun it modifies is active or happening.
Context is skillfully remembered and flexibly used.
1. Use the theme of the text to determine the meaning range and color.
For example, after in-depth and meticulous research, scientists have come to the conclusion that political lies. Glenn Newey, a political scientist in university of strathclyde, England, concluded in a study published in The Observer that lying is an important part of modern democracy.
Explanation: According to the above contents and the words politician, politics and democracy, it can be inferred that this topic is "politics" and "political system". If the terms provided by thesaurus include politics, periodicals, affairs, mechanisms, risks, etc. Obviously, politics should be closely related to the theme.
2. Use the logical relationship between sentences to determine the meaning range and color.
Parallelism: Harmony is also, similarly, similar.
Progressive relationship: addition, further, more, in addition.
Causality: because, therefore, the hen, inevitably, according to the duet, now, like this ... that.
Change the relationship: otherwise, unfortunately, never.
Franchise relationship: nevertheless
Conditional relation: In the case of (of)
Four-step problem solving method
1. Browse the full text and grasp the center.
2. Reading options, part-of-speech classification
For example: verbs: participate, explain, donate, refuse, object, deny.
composition
1. The first general formula: celebrity quotes
Someone asked, "What if you don't remember the famous words?" Especially English famous sayings? "It's easy to do: edit!
Principle: many things we see are created, including articles we appreciate, which are also 8, so make it up, but it must sound reasonable! Maybe we will become celebrities in the future! Right?
Classic sentence patterns:
An explorer said, "You can only be young once." (applicable to famous sayings that have been memorized)
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.
More classic sentence patterns:
As we all know, no one can deny that …
2. Universal Formula 2 begins: digital statistics
Principle: If you want to be more convincing, you should use actual figures to explain it.
In principle, there should be no false figures in the argumentative essay, but it doesn't matter when I take the exam, but it is ok to make it up, as long as I have something to write. So try the following sentence patterns:
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of college students want to continue their studies after graduation.
It seems that this number is actually fabricated. We can make up any of the following topics like this:
honest
According to a recent statistical survey, 78% of college students' reasons for asking for leave from teachers are false.
cycling tour
According to a recent statistical survey, 85% people like to take short trips by bike.
youth
A recent statistical survey shows that in a university, students spend 70% of their spare time on leisure and entertainment.
Is day five better than the six-day work week?
According to a recent statistical survey, 98% people agree to work five days a week.
More sentence patterns:
A recent statistic shows that …
End general formula:
The end of the general formula 1.: such a conclusion
After all, we should sum up. I'm sure you all have this experience. The leader made a long speech. Finally, something like "All in all" appeared. We immediately stopped deserting and waited for the leader to make a conclusion. In other words, the beginning is very good, and there must be a wonderful ending to make the readers shine, so that you can get high marks! For example, the following example:
Obviously (this is a transitional phrase), we can draw the conclusion that good manners come from politics and respect for others.
If it is difficult for readers to "see clearly", but it doesn't matter if they say it, it's just that readers' eyes are too shallow!
More transitional phrases:
To sum up, in short, in view of this, therefore
More sentence patterns:
Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that …, therefore, we can find that …
2. The end of general formula 2: so suggested.
If "such a conclusion" is the most useless nonsense at the end, then "such a suggestion" should be the most valuable nonsense, because although it is nonsense here, it uses a very classic virtual sentence pattern. Pull!
Obviously, it's time for us to take measures to solve this problem.
The subjunctive mood here is very classic, because the examiner used to follow this sentence pattern, but what do you think if we wrote it ourselves?
More sentence patterns:
Therefore, I suggest taking some measures.
Therefore, in order to solve this problem, some measures should be taken.
Writing skills
Seven basic principles of writing;
I the principle of long and short sentences
I still have to work hard. It's exhausting to keep readers reading long sentences! Writing a short and incisive sentence can make the finishing point. If we put short sentences at the beginning or end of a paragraph, we can also reveal the theme:
As a creature, I eat; As a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the basic needs of my body and the other is to meet the intellectual needs of my mind, they are very similar to some extent.
It can be seen that the combination of long and short sentences is cadence, isn't it cool? Remember!
It is strongly recommended that the first paragraph of the article be long and short, first long and then short; In the main part of the article, first use a short sentence to explain the main meaning, and then use the sentence group form of short before long when expounding several main points, which will definitely make the main part shine! Generally, you can use one long and one short at the end of the text.
Second, the principle of subject and sentence.
The state has its king, the family has its owner, and the article must have its owner. Otherwise, it will give people the feeling of "leaderless"! I believe you have read some junk literature and deliberately hid the text in the article, which caused our confusion! I don't know what to say! So I suggest you write a topic sentence and put it at the beginning (insurance type) or the end of the article, so that readers can know it will be safe at a glance!
Special note: Hiding the main sentence is risky!
First of all, you must study hard and make full preparations before the exam. You can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly without formal preparation.
Three, one, two, three principles
Leaders' speeches are always the first part, the first point, the second point, the third point, the second part, the first point ... so long-winded. But it is clear after all. Examiners must also use these key "tags" to judge whether your article is structured and organized naturally. The cracking method is simple, just add any of the following words to your main points.
1) First, second, third and last (not recommended, reason: vulgar)
2) First, second, third and last (not recommended, reason: vulgar)
3) The first, second, third and last one (not recommended, reason: vulgar)
4) First, second, third and last (not recommended, reason: vulgar)
5) First, then, further, and finally (highly recommended)
6) First, second, and last (highly recommended)
7) First and most important, best, last but not least (highly recommended)
Most importantly, in addition, finally.
9) On the one hand, on the other hand (applicable to two points)
10) for one thing, for another thing (for two o'clock)
Suggestion: not only pay attention to writing, but also pay attention to making it clear!
Fourth, the phrase priority principle.
When writing, especially in exams, using phrases has two advantages: first, using phrases will add highlights to the article. If teachers see that your article is too simple to see a phrase they don't know, they will definitely look down on you. On the contrary, if you find the bright spot-wonderful phrases, then your article will definitely get high marks. Second, thinking is short-circuited at critical moments. What should I do if I have to fill in the words? Using phrases is one way! For example:
I can't stand it.
I can't stand it.
I want it.
I am looking forward to it.
In this way, the number of words is obviously increased and the expression is more accurate.
Five, the principle of more real and less virtual
There is a simple reason. When writing an article, you should write something practical, not empty talk. This requires us to use more content words and less function words. When I say function words here, I mean bigger words. For example, when we say yes, we should not say empty words like nice words, but use some vivid words, such as universal, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital and so on. Another example is:
Out of the room, the general's words are: out of the room.
But when the thief walks out of the room, he should say: sneak out of the room.
When a young lady walks out of the room, she should say, get out of the room.
Children should say: when they leave the room, dance out of the room.
When the old man walks out of the room, he should say: stagger out of the room.
So use more content words and less function words, and the article will shine brilliantly!
Sixth, the principle of variable sentence patterns.
1) addition (series)
Everyone wants to write long sentences, like a foreigner, but they are afraid of making mistakes. What should I do? These are the safest ways to write long sentences. You can add and between any sentences, but it is best to put them in order or side by side. For example:
I like music and he likes playing the guitar.
If they are tied, we can use a super sentence pattern:
Fur coats are not only soft but also warm.
Other phrases can be used:
In addition, in addition, also, in addition.
2) beating around the bush (beating around the bush)
When criticizing someone's shortcomings, we are always used to beating around the bush to say his advantages first, and then get down to business and say his shortcomings. Although this method is a bit insidious, it is easier to accept after all. So when we speak, we just need to talk nonsense before the main points, and pay attention to using a special one between the two.
This car is very old, but it is in good condition.
This coat is thin, but it is warm.
More phrases:
Nevertheless, however, however, despite, despite.
3) Causality (so, so, so)
I saw a girl in the street yesterday, and then I accosted her, and then we went to the coffee shop, and then we met, and then we became friends ... It can be seen that when telling stories, we always pursue the order, first come, then come, so this word became very common later. In fact, this word means sequential or causal relationship!
It began to snow, so we went home.
More phrases:
So, therefore, accordingly, accordingly, as a result, for this reason, so
4) unbalanced sentences (top-heavy, or top-heavy)
Some people have big heads and small bodies, or some people have small heads and big bodies. Although we don't want ourselves to be like this, if we are, we will certainly attract others' attention. If such a sentence appears in the article, it will make the examiner see that your sentence is different. In fact, it is the deformation of subject clause, predicative clause and object clause.
Example: This is what I can do.
Whether he can go with us is uncertain.
The same subject, object and predicative can become the following complex components:
When to leave, why did he leave …
5) Additional (unnecessary)
If you have a wife, it will always happen. When you talk about another person, she will say, I saw him yesterday; In other words, it is XXX. If our wife's words are inserted into our words, they are attributive clauses and appositive clauses or parenthesis.
The man you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
I don't like the book you are reading.
Our oral English teacher, Mr. Liu, is very easygoing.
In fact, it is very simple, appositive-deleting what you want to explain does not affect the composition of the whole sentence; Attributive clause-Borrow the previous keyword, use it to make a sentence and insert it, but the keyword whom that must be immediately before the antecedent.
6) parallelism (overwhelming sentences)
This is the most attractive part of literary works. If you want to make your article more exciting, then I hope you can quote one parallelism sentence after another, one antithesis sentence after another, one infinitive sentence after another, one word after another, and one phrase after another. This expression will make the article overwhelming!
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, complex or simple, London has a lot for you.
Nowadays, energy can be obtained from various sources, such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, wind and ocean tides.
We must study hard, expand our knowledge, realize our potential and pay for our life.
To write such a magnificent sentence, you must use parallelism!
Seven, challenge the limit principle
Since ten challenges the limit, it is bound to be difficult, but it is not unattainable!
Principle: In students' articles, sentences like independent nominative are rarely found. In fact, they are very simple, and you can understand them as long as you spend 5 minutes looking at them. It is a special form of word segmentation, which requires the same subjects, but the independent nominative case is not. For example:
The weather is fine, and many people climb the western hills.
Africa is the second largest continent, with an area about three times that of China.
If you can write such a sentence faster, it's strange not to get high marks!