Which of the following, if correct, will minimize the above criticism of anthropologists' strategies?
(a) All nomadic societies share many important similarities that other types of societies lack.
(b) Most ancient nomadic societies either disappeared or turned to another way of life.
All anthropologists study modern society in one way or another.
(d) Many anthropologists who study modern nomadic society have not made inferences about ancient society according to their research.
(e) Even modern nomadic societies that have no obvious connection with modern society are quite different from ancient nomadic societies.
02。 Advertisement: For sinusitis pain, three of the four hospitals will prescribe N kinds of drugs for their patients, so when you want to get the most effective analgesic for sinusitis, N kinds of drugs are the best choice.
Which of the following, if correct, will seriously weaken the argument of advertising:
(a) Some competing painkiller brands can relieve other types of pain besides sinus pain.
(2) Many hospitals that don't often use N drugs will use N drugs for patients who can't stand the drugs commonly used in hospitals.
(c) Many pharmaceutical manufacturers have increased the sales of their products by selling their products to hospitals at prices that manufacturers can afford.
(d) Unlike some competing painkiller brands, drug N can be bought from pharmacies without a doctor's prescription.
(e) Clinical trials have found that drug N is more effective than competing painkiller brands that have existed longer than drug N in the market. ..
03。 Department manager: I want to change the M computer in this department into the V computer.
General Manager: Why?
Department Manager: The cost of training new employees to operate V can be reduced by 20%.
General Manager: But this is not a good enough reason. We can only hire people who already know how to use computers.
Which of the following, if correct, most seriously weakens the reason why the general manager opposes replacing M computer with V computer?
(a) At present, all employees of the company are required to take part in learning how to use M computer.
(b) Once employees learn how to use computers, they are more likely to jump ship than before.
(c) Employees who are proficient in using M computers will demand higher income than those who are expected to have no computer experience.
(d) The average labor productivity of the employees of the company where the general manager works is lower than that of the employees of its competitors.
(e) The high cost of replacing parts makes the maintenance cost of V computer higher than that of M computer.
04。 During the period from1975 to1985, the average occupancy rate of nursing homes was 87% of their capacity, while the acceptance rate remained unchanged. 000 beds accommodate an average of 95 people. During the period of 1985 ~ 1988, the occupancy rate rose to 92% of the capacity on average, while the acceptance rate of the1000th bed dropped to 8 1 every year.
If the above statement is correct, which of the following conclusions is the most appropriate?
(a) The average stay time of residents in sanatoriums has increased in 1985 and 1988.
(b)1988 The proportion of elderly people living in nursing homes is greater than 1975.
(c) While the occupancy rate is increasing, the acceptance rate of sanatoriums tends to decrease.
The beds in sanatoriums built before 1985 are less than those in sanatoriums built between 1985 and 1988.
The more beds there are in nursing homes, the higher the occupancy rate may be.
05。 The salary level paid by enterprises with profit-linked compensation (PRP) contracts varies with the profits of enterprises. Last year, the productivity per worker in enterprises that adopted PRP properly in the metal technology industry was 13 percentage points higher than those competitors who still used more traditional contracts.
According to the above evidence, if there is a view that PRP contract improves the labor productivity of workers; Which of the following, if correct, weakens this view to the greatest extent?
(a) A conclusion similar to that of the above-mentioned metal processing industry can be found in other industries that use PRP contracts.
(b) According to the PRP contract, costs other than labor costs, such as construction, machinery and energy costs, account for the increase in the total cost of unit output.
(c) Because the adoption of PRP contract has greatly changed the relationship between individual workers and enterprises, it is complicated and time-consuming to negotiate the adoption of PRP contract.
(d) Many enterprises in the metal industry have modernized their production equipment in the past five years, and most of them have adopted PRP contracts.
(e) In the enterprises that adopt PRP contracts appropriately in the metal technology industry, the average wage is 65,438+05 percentage points higher than that of enterprises that adopt traditional contracts for workers.
06。 A discount retailer selling basic household necessities employs thousands of people and pays the minimum wage to most of them. However, after a federal law raised the minimum wage, the operating costs of retailers were greatly increased, and the profits of retailers were greatly increased.
Which of the following, if correct, is most helpful to solve this obvious paradox?
(a) More than half of the retailers' operating costs are wages; But only a small part of these salary expenses is used to pay the salaries of managers.
(b) The customer base of retailers is mainly composed of people who earn the minimum wage or those who rely on others to earn the minimum wage.
After the law to raise the minimum wage level was formally implemented, the operating costs of retailers increased significantly instead of wages.
When the law to raise the minimum wage level was formally implemented, retailers also raised the wages of employees whose income just exceeded the minimum wage level.
(e) The employees of this retailer are mainly cashiers, and most of them have the lowest wages.
07。 Cotton farmers in country Q have become so prolific that the market can't absorb all the products they produce. As a result, cotton prices fell. The government is trying to raise the price of cotton. It pays direct support subsidies to 25% farmers whose cotton fields are idle. Every farm has a certain payment limit.
If the government's plan is successfully implemented, there will be no net financial burden. Which of the following, if correct, is the basis for explaining this point?
(a) The low cotton price means the loss of cotton farm operation, and the government will lose the income gained by taxing farm profits.
(b) In the year when country Q supported the implementation of the payment plan, cotton production in some areas outside country Q declined slightly.
(c) In the first year of supporting the implementation of the payment plan, the cotton field in country Q was 5% lower than the planned base year.
(d) The amount of payment determined for each farm means that for very large cotton farms, the support payment per mu for those fields that are out of production is less than that for smaller farms.
(e) Farmers who want to meet the support payment requirements cannot use cotton fields that have stopped production to grow any other crops.
08。 Generally speaking, the goal of scientists entering their field is to carry out important new scientific research and be accepted by colleagues with similar motives. Therefore, when a scientist gains a reputation as a person who explains science to an ordinary audience, most other scientists will think that this celebrity is no longer a real colleague.
The above explanation assumes that scientists engaged in research do not respect the popularization of science:
(a) Serious scientific research is not an individual activity, but depends on the active collaboration of a group of colleagues.
(b) Scientists engaged in research don't really cut their own knives? What happened to your eyes? br/>； (c) A scientist can become a celebrity without completing any important research.
(d) Scientists engaged in research believe that those who are known to the public by becoming scientific celebrities have no incentive to engage in important new research.
(e) Those who are not scientists themselves cannot accurately conduct and evaluate any important new research.
09。 Oral cancer is very dangerous for those who seldom brush their teeth. In order to find these people's oral cancer at an early stage, public health officials of a town distributed a booklet to all residents of the town, which described how to conduct oral self-examination every week to find oral tumors.
Which of the following, if correct, criticized this booklet as a way to achieve the goals of public health officials?
(a) Many symptoms caused by dental diseases cannot be found in the weekly self-examination.
(2) Once oral cancer is found, the effect of treatment varies from person to person.
This booklet is distributed to all residents of the town, including those who brush their teeth regularly.
Oral cancer is more common in adults than in children.
(e) People who seldom brush their teeth are less likely to have an oral examination every week.
10。 In the past 10 years, the progress of technology and the reduction of equipment cost make it more effective to directly convert solar energy into electric energy. However, the economic feasibility threshold of solar energy (that is, the price of oil per barrel must be increased to make the new solar generator more economical than the new oil generator) has not changed, and it is still 35 dollars.
Which of the following, if correct, best explains why solar energy is more cost-effective and fails to lower the threshold of its economic feasibility?
(1) The cost of oil has dropped significantly.
(b) Although the cost of solar energy equipment has decreased, the cost of raw materials for such equipment has increased.
(c) Technological changes have improved the efficiency of fuel engines.
(d) Most electricity is produced by coal-fired engines or nuclear generators, not oil-fired generators.
(e) When oil prices rise, oil reserves that were not worth exploiting before become economically feasible.
1 1。 Since rhinos without horns are worthless to poachers, wildlife conservation organizations plan to protect a selected group of rhinos from poachers by cutting off their horns.
Planning assumptions of wildlife conservation organizations:
Poachers don't kill rhinos that are worthless to them.
(b) Hornless rhinos are more dangerous to humans, including poachers, than horned rhinos.
(c) Rhinoceros is not the only animal that poachers hunt for rhinoceros horns.
(d) Hornless rhinos can protect their young from non-human predators.
(e) Stricter sanctions against poachers will not reduce the number of rhinos killed by poachers.
12。 The criminals are mainly young people. Therefore, only increasing the number of police officers or increasing police expenditure will not have much effect on reducing the crime rate. In fact, the only factor related to the reduction of crime rate is that the number of people aged 65,438+04 ~ 30 in society has decreased.
Can the following findings be used as part of opposing this view?
Any law enforcement plan may effectively reduce the crime rate in a short time.
(b) Young people found guilty are spending more and more time in prison.
(c) Forcibly recruiting people between the ages of 65-438+07 and 65-438+09.
Raise the age at which students are allowed to leave school.
(e) Plans to increase the number of leisure and educational activities that young people participate in.
13。 Since 1980, the lobster catch in Maine waters has decreased by 20%, which can be reasonably attributed to the Protection of Spotted Seals Act passed by 1972. The number of spotted seals in Maine is now twice that before the protection began. We know that these spotted seals eat fish and lobsters.
If correct, which of the following will weaken the above conclusion most seriously?
(a) Spotted seals usually eat more fish than lobsters, but seals are natural hunters of fish and lobsters.
(b) Although spotted seals are experienced lobster hunters, they rarely catch them.
Spotted seals attract tourists to the Gulf of Maine, thus revitalizing the local economy.
(d) D) 1972, the author of the Law on the Protection of Spotted Seals, believes that the increase in the number of this animal will not have a significant negative impact on the lobster catch.
(1The record catch of lobsters in the late 1970s reduced the number of adult lobsters that can be bred.
14。 Politician: There are fewer people entering the labor market now than before. If the economy grows, the demand for energetic and educated people will greatly exceed its supply. Some companies have begun to deal with this situation in the labor market, and they are looking for ways to retain existing employees. They pay attention to clear indicators of economic growth.
Which of the following strongly criticizes the reasoning process of politicians?
(a) The company has made careful preparations for possible future development, but this does not mean that such development has already taken place.
(b) Some companies are now working harder to retain employees, which doesn't mean that they didn't care about employee morale before.
(c) The shortage of supply does not mean that there is no supply at all.
The fact that the number of new entrants in the labor market has decreased does not mean that the number of new entrants is lower than ever before.
(e) For some companies, the fact that existing employees are more valuable does not mean that these employees will do better than before.
15。 Under the current federal law, employers are allowed to provide employees with free parking areas as tax-free allowances, but they can only provide employees with a tax-free allowance of up to $65,438+080 per year for public transportation. By raising the limit of this allowance to make up for the transportation expenses of frequent commuters, the government can greatly increase the number of passengers on public transport.
The above proposed assumptions for increasing the number of public transport passengers are as follows:
(a) Today's public transport often has unexpected stops and delays.
(b) Compared with private cars, taking public transport reduces air pollution per capita.
(c) The parking area provided by the employer as a tax-free allowance is worth $2,500 per year.
(d) Because of the cost, many employees don't take public transportation to work.
(e) Because of the heavy traffic on the main roads to work, it is much faster to go to work by public transport than by private car.
16。 The "government" does not exist as an independent entity that makes policies. On the contrary, there are a group of elected pragmatists who are very sensitive to the opinions of voters. The policies they formulated can get them re-elected. Therefore, for example, if public policy conflicts with environmental considerations, it is not because the government is stubborn, but because elected officials believe that:
Which of the following is a supplement to the above?
(a) No matter how perfect the environment is, no policy can meet the demands of environmentalists.
(b) Environmental considerations should be adapted to the availability of funds.
(c) The public is too worried about environmental degradation.
(d) Most voters vote for some politicians because of their unique habits in political events.
(e) Most voters do not really want different policies.
17。 A bag 10 pound of fresh potatoes is generally worth $2, while dehydrated and ready-to-eat potatoes are worth $3 per pound on average. It can be concluded that some consumers are willing to pay 15 times the price for convenience, because the sales of this convenience food are increasing.
Which of the following, if correct, points out that the above argument has great defects?
(a) It is convenient to buy a bag of 2 pounds of fresh potatoes at the price of $65,438+0 per bag, which is twice as expensive as a bag of 65,438+00 pounds of fresh potatoes. Five times.
(b) Since fresh potatoes contain 80% water, every pound of dehydrated potatoes is equivalent to 5 pounds of fresh potatoes.
(c) Peeled canned potatoes are also more expensive than relatively inconvenient potatoes.
(d) Since D) 1960, the retail price of dehydrated potatoes has dropped by 20%, reaching the current level of $3 per pound.
(e) Because of labor cost and processing cost, all convenience foods are more valuable than the basic foods that make them.
18。 D is a federal government composed of three autonomous regions: K, M and G. Under the federal tax plan, the share of federal tax revenue obtained by each region is equal to the share of population living in the region among the total population of D shown in the annual population survey report. Last year, even though the population survey report based on tax sharing showed that K's population was increasing, the proportion of K's tax revenue in federal tax revenue was declining.
If the above statement is correct, which of the following points can be explained by the census report based on last year's tax share in D?
(a) Among the three regions, D has the smallest population.
(b) The proportion of population growth in K is higher than that in schools in the previous year.
(c) The population growth ratio of M and G exceeds K ..
(d) Among the three regions, the population growth of K is the smallest.
The population growth rate of K is at least higher than that of one of the other two autonomous regions.
19。 A and B first met in a health club and got to know each other.
(1a) On the first Monday in January, A began to go to the health club.
(1b) After that, A goes every four days (that is, the fifth day).
(2a) B starts to go to the health club on the first Tuesday in January.
(2b) After that, B goes every three days (that is, the fourth day).
(1) On March 3 1 day in January, both A and B went to the fitness club, and it was the day when they first met.
Excuse me, when did A and B meet in January?
Answer: The seventh session
B. 13 days
C. 17 days
D .2 1 day
E. 27th session
20。 When the fat in cream is considered to be nutritious and healthy, the state has promulgated a law requiring all manufacturers to use the word "imitation cream" to describe the cream fat content in their water-diluted cream. Today, as we all know, the high cholesterol content in cream fat makes it harmful to human health. Since the public is encouraged to eat foods with low cream fat content instead of foods with high cream fat content, and since the false meaning of the word "imitation" prevents people from buying products with such a name produced by manufacturers who want to reduce cream fat content, they should use a more attractive name, "whipped cream".
If correct, which of the following can best refute the above statement?
(1) Manufacturers who prefer to use the word "light" instead of "imitation" are mainly driven by the financial interests of their shareholders.
(b) Manufacturers who want their products to be called "whipped cream" plan to change the composition of their products so that they contain more water than they do now.
(c) Some people who need to reduce their cholesterol intake are not prevented from buying diluted cream products because of the negative meaning of "imitation".
(d) Cholesterol is only one of many factors leading to many health problems, which are usually related to excessive intake of cholesterol.
(e) Most people who are afraid to eat imitation cream because of its name choose to use substitutes with lower cream content than imitation cream.
2 1。 Studies on adults suffering from migraine show that most subjects suffer from a very complicated syndrome, which is characterized by three symptoms. People with this syndrome experienced extreme anxiety as early as childhood. When they grow into teenagers, these people begin to suffer from migraine. When these people reach the age of 20, they also begin to suffer from recurrent depression. Because this pattern is unchangeable and always accompanied by excessive anxiety at the beginning, it can be concluded that excessive anxiety in childhood is one of the causes of migraine and later depression.
The reasoning of the above debate is most easily criticized for which of the following reasons?
(a) It doesn't show the proportion of people suffering from migraine in the whole population.
(b) It is not excluded that all the symptoms and features of the syndrome have the same cause.
(c) His general statement is inconsistent with the evidence.
(d) It was not proved that the subject was representative of migraine patients.
(e) It does not prove why the research on migraine patients is limited to adult subjects.
22。 Up to now, people think that the ink used before16th century does not contain titanium. However, a new analytical method shows that although titanium was not found in the ink of many other books in the15th century, titanium was found in the ink of the Bible printed by johanna E. Gutenberg and another Bible in the15th century, which is famous for B-36. This discovery is of great significance, because it not only strongly confirms the hypothesis that B-36 was printed by Gutenberg, but also reveals that the titanium element found in the map of15th century Wenlan can no longer be used as a reason to doubt the authenticity of the painting.
The reasoning in the article is most easily criticized by which of the following reasons?
(a) The analysis result is interpreted as that in the15th century, the use of titanium as an ink component was very limited and very common.
(2) If the technology of detecting whether the ink contains titanium has only recently appeared, then the printers and artists in the15th century will not know whether their ink contains titanium.
(c) It is unreasonable to determine the date and place of documents and paintings only by determining whether they contain a single element.
(d) Whether the creation date of the B-36 Bible and the map of Wenlan is accurate or not, and whether their creators know it or not, they have their own appreciation value.
(e) The date when the ink of Wenlan Map was found to contain titanium must be earlier than the date when the ink of Gutenberg Bible and B-36 Bible was found to contain titanium.
23。 In a survey report on consumers in a country in Eastern Europe, respondents were asked two questions about each of the 400 western trademarks: whether they could recognize the name of that trademark and whether they thought the products with that trademark were of higher quality. The result of the survey report is the level and corresponding ranking of each trademark according to the degree of understanding and recognition. In terms of understanding, the top 27 trademarks are actually accessible in this country. The cognitive ranking of these 27 trademarks is usually quite different from the cognitive ranking. In contrast, most other trademarks have the same recognition and recognition ranking after classification and ranking.
If all the following are the principles of the consumption survey report, which one does the above survey report violate?
(a) If a question cannot be reasonably answered by those interviewees who will give a specific answer to another question in the same survey report, don't ask all interviewees.
(b) Never ask a question that may produce multiple answers. It is difficult to divide multiple answers into manageable categories.
(c) Never ask all interviewees questions that they can't answer unless they give up their anonymity.
(d) It is better to ask the same question to 10 different products than to ask 10 different questions to a single product.
(e) Ask questions that the interviewee can answer and are not afraid to answer wrong.
24。 Statement: Country X has reduced its tariffs because it is in the interest of powerful foreign companies.
Principle: In order to explain a change with the benefits gained by some people or groups, it is necessary to show what role the interests of these people or groups played in the change.
Which of the following, if correct, can be the most logical premise of using principles to oppose statements in the above discussion?
(a) When country X reduces tariffs, foreign companies do benefit, but consumers in country X also benefit.
(b) For a period of time after the tariff reduction, the price competition among importers severely limited the profits of importers in selling products of foreign companies in country X. ..
(c) It is impossible to predict how the economic changes in country X leading to tariff reduction will affect the country's economy in the short term.
(d) Many foreign companies that benefit from the tariff reduction in country X compete fiercely with each other in country X and other markets.
(e) Although foreign companies benefited from the tariff reduction in country X, there is no other evidence that these foreign companies caused this change.
25。 Computer operating system software is increasingly standardized. However, when every computer in the multi-connection system of a large company uses the same operating system software, the computer saboteur who enters one computer will automatically access all computers. Using a program called "virus", saboteurs can destroy a large amount of data in all computers. If such a company makes some minor changes in the operating system software, it can actually put an end to the phenomenon of unauthorized access to all computers at the same time. Moreover, the changes made in the operating system software will not damage the compatibility of the company's computers. Therefore, it is desirable for the company to implement such changes.
Which of the following, if correct, can support the conclusion of this article?
(a) The standardization of computer operating system software has increased the compatibility of computers between different companies.
(b) It is much more expensive to correct the damage caused by computer virus program intrusion than to prevent it.
(c) It is not expensive for companies to maintain incompatible computer operating systems.
(d) There are other types of destructive computer programs that do not depend on the interconnection of computers.
(e) Not all companies need to share data between internal computers.
Reference answer: 0 1. (A) 02 .(D)03. (C) 04. (A) 05 .(D)06 .07. (I) 08. (D) 09.10. (C)11 6. (e)17.18. (e)19. (c) 20. (e) 21.(b) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24.