Keywords: psychological education, moral education efficiency, attitude change theory
At present, the education administrative departments and schools at all levels in China basically classify mental health education (hereinafter referred to as "psychological education") as moral education (ideological and political education), which is managed by the moral education (ideological and political education) department in a unified way, and the content of psychological education is set in the moral education (ideological and political education) course, which leads many people, including those in the education field, to think that psychological education is a part of moral education. In fact, there is such an institutional arrangement, just because moral education is closely related to mental education, and mental education is still in its infancy, and all aspects are extremely imperfect, so it has to be "linked" with moral education, and it is also for the sake of streamlining institutions and personnel, and it is completely impossible to draw the conclusion that mental education belongs to moral education. . I think that psychological education and moral education should go hand in hand, and psychological education and moral education are equally important. This paper tries to make the following analysis on the differences and connections between the two:
First of all, there are essential differences between psychological education and moral education in many aspects.
First, goals and tasks are different. The goal of psychological education is: students' personality is sound, their psychological quality is in a good state, and they can achieve high-quality study, life and individual development. In order to achieve this goal, the task of psychological education is to impart mental health knowledge and skills to students by using psychological theories and methods, and strengthen guidance and intervention to students. The goal of moral education is: students' moral level reaches a certain standard, and they can consciously undertake various social responsibilities according to social morality. Accordingly, the task of moral education is to influence students with advanced ideas, educate students with moral norms, and infect students with the noble character and behavior of model figures. In short, it is to carry out ideological and moral education for students. From this perspective, psychological education is more similar to sports health care. Because a person's psychology and physiology are highly related.
Second, the content is different. The content of psychological education is about mental health, psychological quality knowledge and related training; The content of moral education is advanced ideas, moral norms and related activities.
Third, the focus of work is different. The key object of psychological education is the group with unhealthy psychology; The key object of moral education is the group with obvious problems in ideological and moral aspects.
Fourth, the theoretical basis is different. The theoretical basis of psychological education is psychological science; The theoretical basis of moral education is ethics and educational science.
Fifth, the ways and means are different. Using psychological methods in psychological education, it is impossible and unnecessary to make value judgments, that is, right and wrong judgments; Moral education can not only avoid value judgment, but also take value judgment as the basis, direction and core.
Therefore, as school educators, we must not confuse psychological education with moral education.
Secondly, although there are great differences between psychological education and moral education, moral education and psychological education are closely related. It can be said that moral education needs the support of psychological education very much.
First, moral education should be targeted and inseparable from the support of happy education.
At present, moral education is generally unscientific and inefficient in schools in China, especially those with low standardization and weak teachers. One of the main reasons is that educators lack a scientific grasp of the psychology of the educated. Basically, educators take education for granted according to their own personal experience and even prejudice, which leads to the long-term moralization of school moral education.
If moral education is to be targeted, it is necessary to accurately grasp the psychology of the object of moral education. Without targeted moral education, it is undoubtedly a failure. An important aspect of school psychological education is to use psychological methods and means to investigate, measure and diagnose students' psychological characteristics, which provides concrete and scientific basis for the implementation of moral education and is an indispensable prerequisite and solid foundation for the success of moral education.
Therefore, psychological education is of great significance to improve the pertinence of moral education.
Second, improving the efficiency of moral education is inseparable from scientific psychological intervention (counseling). (tutor)
(A) the effect of moral education is the starting point and destination of moral education. Low efficiency is the embodiment of poor effect. The ideal efficiency of moral education is to achieve the maximum effect with the least time, energy and resources. How to improve the efficiency of moral education? On the one hand, it is very important to carry out education according to the psychological laws of moral education objects and to carry out necessary psychological intervention (guidance) for students with psychological deviation.
The effect of moral education is not reflected in how much truth the object of moral education knows, that is, moral cognition, but only in how many moral behaviors the object of moral education has made. Inefficient moral education, that is, it takes a lot of time and energy, but it only stays at the level of instilling a lot of big truths and small truths into moral education objects. From moral cognition to moral behavior, there are two stages: moral emotion and moral will. As people often say, "knowing is easier than doing", this is the psychological law of moral behavior. If you don't do it, the effect will definitely be bad. Furthermore, according to the psychological principle, it is more effective to make the receiver willing to accept, better understand and have a deeper impression on a certain moral cognition, and to "move with emotion" first and then "understand with reason". Because without emotion, there will be no feeling, and without emotion, moral cognition will not be internalized in the object of moral education. According to the attitude change theory of psychology, it is not only ineffective, but also counterproductive for those moral education objects with reverse cognition. In reality, many parents and teachers' "repeated persuasion" and "indoctrination" of their children (students) are ineffective or even counterproductive, mostly because they do not follow the above psychological laws. If these parents and teachers don't reflect on themselves, they will not only waste educators' time and energy, but also have a vicious circle, that is, preaching-violating-severe preaching-violating-more severe preaching (reprimanding).