If different people's serum and red blood cells are mixed in pairs, they can be divided into three groups: A, B and C (later renamed O). Later, his students Decastello and Sturli discovered the fourth group, namely Group AB.
A few years later, landsteiner and others discovered other independent blood group systems, such as MNS blood group system and Rh blood group system. 1930, landstein won the nobel prize in physiology or medicine.
For decades, new blood group systems have been reported continuously, and the International Blood Transfusion Association was established in 1935, responsible for identification and naming. The 30 recognized human blood group systems include more than 600 antigens, but most of them are very rare.
Extended data:
Blood type:
ABO blood group: ABO blood group divides blood into four blood groups according to whether there are antigens A and B on the erythrocyte membrane. Only antigen A is type A and only antigen B is type B on red blood cells. If two antibodies, A and B, exist at the same time, the principle is AB, and the two antigens are O. Human sera of different blood types contain different antibodies, but do not contain antibodies against autologous red blood cell antigens.
Rh blood group: human red blood cells with the same antigen as rhesus monkeys are called Rh positive blood group, and those without this antibody are called Rh negative blood group. Among the Han nationality and most ethnic minorities in China, the Rh positive blood group accounts for about 99%, while the Rh negative population only accounts for about 1%.
Rh blood group system is one of the most complicated red blood cell blood groups. At present, more than 40 kinds of Rh antigens have been found, among which D antigen has the strongest antigenicity. Therefore, red blood cells containing D antigen are usually called Rh positive, while red blood cells lacking D antigen are called Rh negative.