Pathogenesis of psychosomatic diseases
Psychosomatic diseases are caused by many factors, which are interrelated and influence each other. At present, there are two main schools of its pathogenesis: psychodynamic theory and psychophysiological theory.
Psychological dynamic theory
This theory has always attached importance to the role of subconscious psychological conflicts in the occurrence of various psychosomatic diseases. Alexander, a representative figure, thinks that the unresolved subconscious conflict is the main cause of psychosomatic diseases. At present, it is believed that subconscious psychological conflicts are caused by changes in the functional activities of the autonomic nervous system, which act on patients with corresponding special organs and susceptible qualities.
For example, the wheezing and coughing symptoms of asthma are considered as "suppressed crying" for getting help from others; Strong and contradictory love desire in the living environment may be accompanied by excessive activity of the stomach, and those with susceptible qualities may cause gastric ulcer. Therefore, they advocate that the treatment of psychosomatic diseases is only to find out and solve the so-called emotional factors and psychological contradictions.
The deficiency of the pathogenesis of psychokinesis lies in exaggerating the role of the subconscious one-sidedly, and interpreting many symptoms of physical diseases as symbols of emotional response in the subconscious, which affects the research and comprehensive treatment of other causes.
Psychobiological theory
This theory is based on Kanon's emotional physiology and Pavlov's higher nervous activity type theory. Quantitative research methods are used to study the relationship between conscious psychological factors such as emotions and measurable physiological and biochemical changes. They believe that emotions have a great influence on some physical diseases, especially on an organ and a system dominated by the autonomic nervous system.
In addition, they also explored how emotions caused by psychological and social stimuli cause physiological and biochemical changes and cause diseases.
In the process of research, they not only attach importance to the research on the mechanism of the occurrence and development of psychological and physical obstacles, but also expand psychological factors into the influence of psychological and social factors on human health and diseases, and emphasize people's psychological and physiological responses to environmental stimuli, that is, emphasize the influence of psychological and social stress on human body and the role of human body's susceptibility, adaptability and antagonism to diseases in the process of diseases.
How to treat psychosomatic diseases?
Western medicine treatment
In addition to symptomatic treatment of various specific diseased organs, most patients with psychosomatic diseases are treated with anti-anxiety and anti-depression drugs, the main purpose of which is to control patients' bad emotions.
At present, buspirone and benzodiazepines are widely used in clinic, and paroxetine, sertraline, fluoxetine, venlafaxine and mirtazapine are used as antidepressants. Patients with autonomic nerve dysfunction can take oryzanol to regulate brain function.
For refractory cases, low-dose antipsychotics can also be combined with antidepressants without risperidone, olanzapine or quetiapine.
Traditional therapy in China
Because Chinese medicine emphasizes the overall concept, it is especially suitable for psychosomatic diseases. Clinical data show that Xiaochaihu decoction, Gulong Muli decoction, Banxia Houpu decoction, Chengqi decoction, Ganmai Jujube decoction, Xiaoyao powder, Jianning decoction and other commonly used prescriptions have good curative effects on patients with somatic pathological reaction caused by mental factors.
In order to use it correctly, it must be used according to the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. Acupuncture can achieve immediate effect on eliminating symptoms, but evidence-based acupoint selection should be combined with electrical stimulation to enhance the effect.
Other treatments
In addition, there are relaxation training, physical therapy, hydrotherapy, physical therapy, Qigong, Tai Ji Chuan, hypnotic suggestion therapy and Taoist cognitive therapy. It has certain curative effect on psychosomatic diseases.
How to ensure one's mental health?
First, when frustrated or frustrated, do more sports activities such as running, circling, scurrying and swimming. These activities have a miraculous effect on resolving bad emotions.
Second, when you feel bored and inexplicably upset, please go to bask in the sun more. Miao Lei, a famous psychiatrist, pointed out that sunlight can improve the condition of patients with depression.
Third, when you are depressed and need to vent, don't hold back and cry heartily! Japanese psychologists have found that crying can let depressed psychology be freely vented, and at the same time, the toxins produced by bad emotions can also be alleviated by crying.
Fourth, have a good sleep. Sleep helps to overcome bad emotions and calm down. I will feel much better when I wake up.
How to keep yourself in a healthy mental state?
With the continuous development of society, the communication between people has gradually become complicated. How to maintain a healthy mental state has become particularly important.
(1) has a clear career plan.
Career planning is an individual's plan or expected arrangement of all career-related activities and tasks in his life, which is often closely related to his interests, hobbies, personality and ability. Correct career planning can achieve psychological needs to varying degrees, thus reducing psychological pressure.
(2) Accept the reality
Correctly treat all kinds of pressures from the workplace and life, strive to narrow the gap between ideal and reality, and find a balance point between work and life.
(3) Learn self-regulation and be good at controlling your emotions.
Master the methods of self-regulation, such as venting, transferring, talking, crying, writing, exercising, etc. Let yourself be the director of emotions, and don't let bad emotions enslave yourself, even if it is to remove psychological garbage and reduce the mental stress and the harm of bad emotions to the body and mind.
(4) Assess the situation, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses.
Always introspect and set self-development goals in reality on the premise of self-knowledge. Socrates said, "A life without introspection is not a valuable life." Always change the angle, think in many ways, understand the fit between their own characteristics and work characteristics and their impact on health, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and improve the ability to withstand pressure.
(5) Be tolerant of others, and be content.
Being lenient with others will not only resolve and avoid many unnecessary contradictions, but also produce a warm sense of self-improvement, which is enough to melt our own pain and troubles, help us balance our mentality and contribute to physical and mental health. And contentment can make people calm, serene, philosophical and detached; Contentment lets us know how to base ourselves on the present and cherish the present. Let's establish rational and calm values while being full of passion, treat the present situation with a normal heart and create the future with enterprising spirit.
(6) Maintain an optimistic, cheerful and open-minded attitude towards life.
Setting goals within one's power, adjusting expectations of society and others, establishing good interpersonal relationships, cultivating healthy living habits and hobbies, and actively participating in social activities are all conducive to maintaining and promoting mental health.
Conclusion: In fact, in daily life, many people will take some things seriously, thus falling into negative, pessimistic and even depressed emotions. This will lead to psychological distortion over time, and then lead to physical and mental diseases. As long as we keep a positive attitude, we can reduce the chance of getting this disease!