Types and methods of health risk assessment

From different angles, health risk assessment can be classified in many ways. For example, health risk assessment can be divided into: 1) clinical assessment, including physical examination, outpatient service, admission and treatment assessment. 2) Health process and outcome assessment, including health status assessment, disease risk assessment, disease complications assessment and prognosis assessment; 3) lifestyle and health behavior assessment, including diet and exercise habits assessment; 4) Public health monitoring and population health assessment, as well as environmental, food safety, occupational health and other health assessments. From the perspective of population.

From the evaluation function, the common types and methods of health risk assessment are as follows: the purpose of disease risk assessment is different from general health risk assessment, and disease risk assessment refers to the health assessment of specific diseases.

Its main purposes are:

1. Screening out individuals with certain diseases and introducing demand management or disease management.

2. Measure the compliance and effectiveness of doctors and patients to good clinical practice.

3. Measure the health outcomes of specific interventions.

4. Measure the satisfaction of doctors and patients,

The characteristics of general health risk assessment are also applicable to disease risk assessment. In addition, disease risk assessment also has the following characteristics:

1. Pay attention to assess the risk of objective clinical indicators (such as biochemical tests) of specific diseases in the future.

2. The epidemiological research results are the main and scientific basis for its evaluation.

3. The evaluation model uses strict statistical methods and means.

4. It is suitable for underwriting and actuarial insurance in hospitals or medical examination centers, as well as health/life insurance. As the main type of health risk assessment, disease risk assessment is closely related to health management measures. Disease risk assessment plays a role in monitoring and managing shunt to a certain extent. Through disease risk assessment, people can be classified, and different health management strategies can be implemented for different types and grades of individuals or human rights to achieve effective health management for the whole population.

Methods of disease risk assessment:

As mentioned above, the method of disease risk assessment comes directly from the results of epidemiological research. Among them, prospective cohort study, comprehensive analysis of previous epidemiological research results and evidence-based medicine are the most important methods. The former includes survival analysis and life table analysis, while the latter includes meta-analysis and comprehensive analysis.

Steps of disease risk assessment:

Broadly speaking, disease risk assessment mainly includes the following four steps:

First, select the diseases to be predicted;

Second, constantly discover and determine the risk factors related to the occurrence of diseases;

Thirdly, establish a disease risk prediction model by applying appropriate prediction methods;

Fourth, verify the correctness and accuracy of the evaluation model.