First, the role of environmental impact assessment in project planning and construction
1. Environmental impact prediction and assessment: Environmental impact assessment can predict and assess the impact on air, water, soil and other environments, as well as possible ecological damage and environmental pollution before the project implementation.
2. Provide environmental protection basis: The results of environmental impact assessment can provide environmental protection basis for project planning and construction, guide the project to take necessary environmental protection measures and countermeasures, and reduce the negative impact on the environment.
3. Promote sustainable development: Environmental impact assessment can promote sustainable development. By evaluating and managing the environmental impact of the project, the project can not only meet the economic development, but also protect the health of the environment and ecosystem.
4. Coordinate environmental protection departments: Environmental impact assessment can provide a platform for environmental protection departments to coordinate and communicate, so that all departments can participate in environmental management and supervision of the project.
Two. Measuring and evaluating environmental impact
Measuring and evaluating environmental impact requires scientific methods and technologies, such as quantitative evaluation, comparative analysis, comprehensive evaluation, environmental quality evaluation and life cycle evaluation.
These methods can evaluate the direct and indirect environmental impact of the project, as well as the long-term and short-term environmental impact. In the evaluation process, it is necessary to comprehensively consider environmental factors and the opinions and needs of stakeholders in order to obtain objective and accurate evaluation results.
Main environmental factors considered in environmental impact assessment
1, natural environmental factors:
This includes climate, topography, hydrology, soil, biodiversity and so on. The project may have an impact on the natural environment, such as changing the terrain, destroying the habitat and polluting the water body. Therefore, in the environmental impact assessment, we should fully consider the impact of project implementation on the natural environment and evaluate its long-term and short-term changes to the environment.
2. Eco-environmental factors:
The implementation of the project may have an impact on the ecological environment, such as destroying the ecosystem and affecting species diversity. Therefore, the environmental impact assessment should assess the possible ecological and environmental impacts caused by the implementation of the project, including the changes to the ecosystem and the impact on species diversity.
3, water environment factors:
The implementation of the project may pollute or affect the water body, such as discharging wastewater and changing hydrological cycle. Therefore, the environmental impact assessment should consider the possible impact of the project implementation on the water environment, including the change of water quality and the reduction of aquatic organisms.
4, atmospheric environmental factors:
The implementation of the project may produce air pollution, such as waste gas emission and increased particulate matter, which will have an impact on the surrounding air quality. Therefore, the environmental impact assessment should consider the possible impact of the project implementation on the atmospheric environment, and evaluate its impact on air quality and human health.
5, acoustic environment factors:
The implementation of the project may produce noise pollution, such as mechanical noise and traffic noise, which will affect the surrounding residents, animals or working environment. Therefore, the environmental impact assessment should consider the possible impact of the project implementation on the acoustic environment and evaluate its impact on the acoustic environment and human health.