overall goals
The proposal of a new type of think tank with China characteristics shows the firm determination of China leaders on the development path of think tanks in China. To build a new think tank with China characteristics, it is necessary to clarify the connotation and relationship between "China characteristics" and "novelty". The characteristics of China think tanks are mainly based on the differences in development environment, while the "new type" reflects the new situation requirements of China's economic and social development. To build a new think tank with China characteristics, we should combine "characteristics" with "novelty".
For the conciseness of the characteristics of China think tanks, it is necessary to identify the differences in the development environment of China think tanks. This difference is different from "Soviet model" and "American model". The "Soviet model" emphasizes that the influence of think tanks is based on the direct and close relationship with the government, thus conveying the research results to government decision makers. Its advantage lies in its direct and efficient participation in the policy process, and its defect lies in the fact that think tank experts dare not put forward objections and innovative suggestions to leaders due to institutional factors. The "American model" emphasizes the independence of think tanks, and thinks that think tanks must keep a distance from the government in order to spread independent opinions without being influenced by the will of government leaders. However, it is difficult to truly exert the independence of think tanks by deliberately doing or flaunting them.
In fact, the development path of think tanks chosen by each country is closely related to its political development level, institutional norms and maturity of social organizations. The "China characteristics" explored and constantly improved by China think tanks can be summarized as: rational division of labor under the diversified pattern of think tanks. With the decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to "strengthen the construction of new think tanks with China characteristics and establish a sound decision-making consultation system", folk think tanks will surely usher in a period of vigorous development in China, and the diversified development pattern of think tanks in China will tend to be perfect. The three types of think tanks not only present a competitive situation in the decision-making consulting market, but also realize various forms of cooperation to a certain extent, forming a characteristic pattern of China think tanks with overall diversification, reasonable division of labor and complementary advantages. At the same time, the negotiation of think tank participation will provide a broader development space for the complementary division of labor under the diversified pattern of think tanks in China.
On the whole, we believe that the overall goal of the new think tank with China characteristics is to enhance the country's soft power; Specifically, "service decision-making" is the foundation and "moderate promotion" is the key, which is manifested in improving the quality of public policies internally and enhancing international influence externally; The premise of development is to improve the decision-making consultation system, and the foothold is to build a high-quality think tank.
submerge
The operation of any organization needs to establish corresponding incentive mechanism to enable its members to achieve organizational goals under the guidance of their interests and value preferences. In this way, from the inside of the organization, the incentive mechanism is an incentive institutional arrangement, which guides the members of the organization to work hard for the realization of the organizational goals; As far as the whole organization system is concerned, it is an incentive institutional arrangement to guide the whole organization system to improve the overall goal realization ability.
Therefore, the incentive mechanism for building a new type of think tank with China characteristics should be built from both internal and external aspects. From the inside of the think tank, it is necessary to establish an incentive mechanism combining material interests and spiritual interests within the organization, and at the same time do a good job in measuring and recording organizational performance, so as to prepare for how to measure the performance of think tank members; As far as the whole organizational system is concerned, it should be encouraged by the reputation and influence evaluation of think tanks. As a stable and independent policy research and consulting institution, think tank focuses on policy research, similar to other academic institutions. Think tanks attach great importance to their reputation and influence, and the policy suggestions submitted by think tanks have been adopted in practice and achieved good social benefits. This sense of achievement in realizing social value is the highest reward for think tanks. In particular, some think tanks do operate according to the model of non-profit organizations, and their incentive mechanism should be based on the ideas submitted, the adoption of policy suggestions by decision-making bodies, social recognition and overall evaluation of actual effects. At the same time, the incentive mechanism should also consider the lag of policy implementation performance, and its evaluation should also combine the long-term performance and short-term performance evaluation of think tanks, so as to measure the performance of think tanks more comprehensively and permanently.
Competitive process
The benign operation of an organizational system depends on its adaptability to changes in the external environment. This adaptability comes from the competition among the components in the organizational system. It is necessary to establish a mechanism for moderate competition among think tanks, and improve the overall quality of the new think tank system with China characteristics through fair competition. This essentially refers to the competition rules of think tanks in the ideological market. As the supplier and demander of ideas and solutions in the ideological market, think tanks are the makers and practitioners of this moderate competition rule. At present, subject to various factors, China's current ideological market is a typical "buyer's market", especially the particularity of government decision-making consulting business, which will make this "buyer's market" state last for a long time. Therefore, the leader of the establishment of competition mechanism lies in the buyer-the government decision-making body. Decision-making institutions should formulate corresponding rules so that think tanks can compete for government decision-making consulting business in an open and fair environment, which also means that government decision-making institutions should allow think tanks to make different voices, put forward different viewpoints and methods, and make them continue through institutionalization.
cooperative mechanism
To a certain extent, the competition mechanism between think tanks will lead to the survival of the fittest and the adjustment of division of labor. Judging from the whole think tank industry, think tanks seek different competitive advantages because of competition. At the same time, think tanks have their own competitive advantages in regional policy issues caused by different fields and regions. This division will make the think tanks in the competitive situation show their unique think tank ecology. However, in the process of globalization, the development trend of policy issues faced by countries has become more and more complicated, and cooperation between think tanks has become the only way to gain a broader competitive advantage. The establishment of cooperation mechanism between think tanks is not dominated by policy decision-making institutions like competition mechanism, nor is it divided into internal and external parts like incentive mechanism, which requires different leaders. The establishment of cooperation mechanism is a result of self-organization among think tanks, which requires self-selection among think tanks with different competitive advantages under appropriate policy environment, policy issues and think tank survival environment, and cooperation according to agreed rules. In recent years, the collaborative innovation center plan launched and advocated by the Ministry of Education has also begun to appear in the field of philosophy and social sciences. Its essence is the cooperation between think tanks, even the cooperation between think tanks and other research institutes and enterprises.
supervision mechanism
The supervision mechanism in the management mechanism of think tanks mainly plays its rectification function of regulating the development of think tanks. In the process of the development of think tanks, it is inevitable that the publicity of the development of think tanks will be greatly reduced because of the interests of funders, and there may also be the phenomenon that think tank members seek personal gain or collude with others in their ideological views and policy suggestions. This requires a set of perfect supervision mechanism to play the role of rectification. How to integrate multiple interests, strive for the realization of organizational goals, and ensure that the direction of efforts is not deviant on the established track, the establishment of supervision mechanism is very important, which is also the embodiment of control function in organizational management function. The establishment of the supervision mechanism of think tanks should be carried out at three levels: first, the internal supervision mechanism of think tanks, such as various financial systems and confidentiality systems; Second, from the perspective of think tank associations, the regulatory mechanisms in the industry, such as data fraud such as academic misconduct and plagiarism. ; Third, from the perspective of government supervision, mainly from the perspective of legislation and law enforcement, such as the supervision and inspection of think tank activities under the framework of secrecy law or other laws and regulations.
The establishment of management mechanism is the process of formulating and gradually improving the specific policies involved in the construction planning of new-type think tanks with China characteristics, and it is also the general idea of promoting the construction of new-type think tanks with China characteristics.
interconnection
The "American model" of think tanks: independence, non-profit, characteristics, reality and simplicity are the main characteristics of American think tanks. Among them, independence is the essential feature. It includes ideological independence, financial independence and political independence. In order to ensure the independence of expert research in think tanks, American think tanks pay attention to policy research in institutional setup. The independence of funds means that the research of think tanks is not affected by the source of funds. When accepting donations, each think tank tries to ensure that its research process and conclusions are not affected by the sources of funds, and strives to diversify the sources of funds. Political independence means that American think tanks are independent of partisan politics, and the research process follows objectivity and independence. Although the research of some think tanks has a certain political tendency, most think tanks in the United States strive to make their research results free from any party or ideology.
The "Soviet model" of think tanks: Soviet think tanks appeared after the 20th Congress of the Soviet Union in the late 1950s. In order to reflect on the domestic economic and political reality and make up for the serious lack of understanding of the external world, especially the western world, the Soviet Academy of Sciences has established a series of think tanks. In addition to the think tank in the Academy of Sciences, some analysis and research institutions have also been established in the Soviet Union's * * * production party, whose main function is to upgrade the official ideology and adapt it to the requirements of the new world level and the new era. The Soviet leadership used these inner-party think tanks to safeguard ideological security. Limited by the history at that time, the main function of Soviet think tank experts and scholars was to provide theoretical support for various decisions of the Soviet Union.