Psychology is the process and result of human flowing in the emotional world. Specifically, it refers to the subjective reflection of organisms on the objective material world. This kind of psychological performance is called psychological phenomenon. People who are psychologically fragile will be more likely to experience other people's emotional experiences and emotional changes, so as to be more kind and help those who need our help. The following are the common psychological problems of college students that I collected for you. Welcome to reading. I hope you will like them.
The common psychological problems of those college students 1 First, communication difficulties cause psychological stress.
"Ring the bell in and out of the classroom, the dormitory is quiet, and the voice is online." In fact, this jingle reflects the communication status of quite a few college students. The communication difficulties of modern college students are mainly manifested in their inability to live independently, their ignorance of how to communicate with others, and their ignorance of communication skills and principles. Some students tend to be autistic and unwilling to associate with others; Some students communicate for the sake of communication and drift with the flow for the sake of principle.
There are several principles that lead to difficulties in college students' communication: at present, most college students are only children, which has some negative effects on their improper education, such as willful selfishness and doing whatever they want; Due to the lack of collective environment, collective consciousness and cooperative spirit; The excessive arrangement of parents makes the only child lack the minimum independent life and the ability to communicate with others after going to college.
Second, the dependence on the network is too strong.
On the one hand, many college students seek psychological satisfaction in the network virtual world because of communication difficulties, on the other hand, they are deeply attracted by the wonderful network itself. Therefore, some college students rely more and more on the Internet, and some even indulge in it. They spend a lot of time surfing the Internet every day, addicted to the virtual world, isolated from real life, and unwilling to communicate with people face to face.
Third, role transformation and adaptation obstacles.
Freshmen have a process of role transformation and adaptation. Every year, freshmen often have various psychological problems, which is called "psychological imbalance period of freshmen" in psychology. The reason for the psychological imbalance of freshmen is that the university in reality is not unified with the university in mind, resulting in a psychological gap; Secondly, freshmen are not adapted to the new environment, new interpersonal relationship and new teaching mode, resulting in confusion and psychological obstacles; In addition, freshmen, as ordinary members of the university, feel very different from the outstanding people in the previous middle school, which is also one of the reasons for psychological problems.
Fourth, the pressure of study and life.
A considerable part of college students' learning pressure comes from their disliked majors, which makes them in conflict and pain for a long time; The course burden is too heavy, there are problems in learning methods, and long-term mental stress will also bring pressure; In addition, it is the test pressure brought by taking various certificate exams and postgraduate entrance examinations. Being in a state of high tension for a long time can easily lead to psychological diseases such as compulsion, anxiety and even schizophrenia among college students. Life pressure mainly lies in students' inability to live independently and communicate with others, as well as the psychological pressure brought by living in poverty.
Common setbacks of college students
(1) setbacks in interpersonal communication
College students generally realize that if they want to succeed in their careers, they must have high interpersonal skills. They are eager to have good interpersonal relationships and to be recognized by others. For many college students who are far away from home, they are eager for friendly care and love in a strange environment and facing a newly formed group, hoping to establish friendly and harmonious interpersonal relationships in the new environment and their behavior can be recognized and accepted. However, these internal needs of college students will encounter many obstacles in interpersonal communication and cannot be met. In the process of communication, college students are hindered by different life backgrounds, different concepts, different value orientations and different behaviors, which makes communication difficult. Especially college students who are spoiled by their parents have more distinct personalities and more intense interpersonal contradictions; Some college students have problems in personality characteristics or moral cultivation, which can not be correctly understood and corrected, resulting in being unpopular with the group and unable to make intimate friends. So they are closed and isolated, and their hearts are occupied by loneliness and anxiety, resulting in frustration in interpersonal communication.
(2) the frustration of emotional confusion
College students are in a special period of emotional enrichment and maturity, and have very strong emotional needs, especially the desire for love and the need for family ties. However, college students' outlook on life and values are not yet fully mature, and their ideological understanding has certain limitations. They are easily confused by the influence of external thoughts, which is also the most fragile period of emotions. With the increasing idealized understanding of love in today's society, college students often face emotional setbacks. College students are eager for love and expect the perfect lover. For girls, most expect their lovers to be considerate and "Gao Fushuai"; Similarly, in order to win the favor of female students, almost every boy wants to be "Gao Fushuai" instead of "short, poor and ugly", but the reality is cruel. Girls can't find too many "Gao Fushuai" in their lives, and most boys are average-looking and have average family circumstances. Therefore, the contrast between college students' emotional expectations and reality leads to frustration. In addition, the contradiction of family disharmony has caused some emotional harm to college students, which subtly passed on negative emotional cognition to them, making them both eager and afraid in their feelings, treating their feelings with suspicion, afraid to contact their favorite objects or let others get close to them, and often unable to extricate themselves from emotional troubles.
(3) Frustration of lack of interest in professional learning
Many college students don't know the majors set up by universities before they enter universities. Some just make a vague definition according to the professional name, and they don't know what to study or what field to study. As a result, college students are very blind when choosing their majors, and even they can't tell their own majors clearly. Some college students choose a direction they don't like because of their low scores in the college entrance examination, or they are transferred to other majors after being admitted, so they have to give up their ideal majors in order to enter the university campus. They are not motivated enough to learn, and it is easy to lose their enthusiasm for learning. They are often in a passive learning state, full of resistance and pressure, and then have a sense of frustration in learning. At the same time, the unsatisfactory academic performance has caused many college students to question their abilities, and may deny themselves or even give up on themselves. Some college students change from passive learning to active learning because they can't adapt to the teaching methods of teachers in universities, resulting in inferiority complex, which leads to the decline of psychological quality and unsatisfactory academic performance, resulting in a strong psychological gap and frustration.
(4) Frustration caused by economic difficulties
When people's internal needs are not met, they are prone to frustration, which scholars call "demand frustration". College students who have grown up in the market economy environment have undergone tremendous changes in their values, paying great attention to the gains and losses of material interests, thinking that the amount of material wealth is the standard to measure a person's merits and demerits, and their psychology of comparing is extremely serious. This is undoubtedly a major test for some college students from relatively backward areas. For college students with poor family economy, the high tuition fee itself is a heavy burden, which can't meet their extra material needs at all, leading to their inferiority complex. After a long time, it will lead to loneliness, alienation, split personality, and even become restless when encountering setbacks and stimuli, and even go to mental breakdown and do extreme things. On the other hand, the differences in consumption patterns and concepts between urban and rural areas will also aggravate the psychological depression and inferiority of poor college students.
(5) Self-negative cognitive frustration
Everyone's physical condition and ability level are different, some congenital physical defects are limited in some aspects, and some are healthy but always feel inferior and too short; Some people look down on themselves and are pessimistic and disappointed because they are not beautiful enough; Because of overweight and dark skin, some people tend to underestimate themselves and have psychological pressure. They take too many diet pills and eat as little as possible. As a result, they are counterproductive. Instead of losing weight, they suffer from other diseases ... college students pay more attention to themselves. They hope to be recognized and praised by others, but they are often frustrated because they care too much about their own image, resulting in a series of negative emotional reactions such as inferiority, disappointment and withdrawal. There are also some college students with poor physical fitness and weak disease resistance, which causes certain psychological problems. They are afraid of getting sick and are cautious. But because the psychological burden is really sick, which makes college students feel frustrated in a vicious circle.
The frustration that college students often encounter is mainly caused by interpersonal communication, emotional confusion, lack of interest in professional study, economic difficulties, self-denial and other reasons. If the school gives full frustration education to college students and improves their psychological quality, it will greatly alleviate their frustration and be able to walk through college life smoothly.
Common psychological problems of college students. Common psychological problems of college students
1, environmental adaptation. It is more common among freshmen.
2. Learning problems. The common learning problems of college students are mainly manifested as: learning purpose, learning motivation, learning methods, learning attitude, poor academic performance and so on. During college, most people often don't pay as much attention to study as they did in high school. The main aspects of learning problems are unclear purpose, insufficient motivation and bad attitude.
3. interpersonal problems. How to get along well with the classmates around and establish harmonious interpersonal relationships is an important topic for college students. Compared with high school, college students pay more attention to interpersonal problems than to study, which has become one of the main sources of psychological problems for college students. Interpersonal problems are often manifested as difficulties in getting along with others, lack of intimate friends, lack of necessary communication skills, excessive compromise, and the resulting painful feelings of loneliness, depression, lack of support and care.
4. Love and sexual psychological problems. College students are in the middle and late adolescence, and sexual maturity is an important feature. Love and sexual problems are inevitable. Generally, it includes: unrequited love, frustration in love, the relationship between love and school, revenge for emotional breakdown, etc. The common sexual psychological problems include fear, anxiety and worry caused by premarital sex and campus cohabitation.
5. Personality and emotional problems. Personality disorder is a serious psychological disorder among college students, and its formation is related to growth experience. The reasons are complex, mainly manifested in inferiority, cowardice, dependence, nervousness, extreme, hostility, loneliness, depression and so on.
6. Job hunting and career selection are common problems among senior students. After entering the society, they often feel a lot of confusion and worry. How to choose your career, how to plan your career, what skills you need to apply for a job, and so on. Will bring more or less troubles and worries.
7. neurosis. Long-term sleep difficulties, anxiety, depression, compulsion, hypochondriasis and phobia are all clinical symptoms of neurosis.
The seventh problem is the psychological problem of deviating from the normal state, which requires professional psychological consultation or psychotherapy. For most students, they often encounter the first six kinds of psychological troubles, which are mainly caused by many realistic social and psychological factors and are often temporary. After your own active adjustment or seeking the help of a consulting teacher, you can restore your psychological balance and adaptation.
Second, how to face their own "psychological problems"
With the popularization of mental health education, people's understanding of mental health has gradually deepened, but college students' attitude towards other people's psychological confusion is more rational than their own. When it comes to themselves, they are indecisive, embarrassed and often at a loss. In order to improve this mentality, it is suggested that:
1, face it calmly. Mental health and physical health are the same. People will inevitably have such and such problems in their lives. Psychological confusion is just a normal state of growth. Without problems, there will be no growth, so there is no need to make a fuss and complain.
2. Don't rush to "diagnose". Psychological problems themselves are varied, and the causes are often complicated. Don't blindly take some books out of context, or listen to hearsay, and be eager to "sit in the right place" to determine what disease you have. It is of course necessary to find out the problems, but most of the problems of college students are developmental, and many of them are "growing pains". There's really no need to scare yourself.
3. divert attention. Psychological problems often have such a characteristic, that is, the more attention is paid, the more serious it becomes. Therefore, don't always stare at your so-called problems, don't pay too much attention to yourself, and turn your attention to all aspects of study, life and work. It is very beneficial to mental health to have something you are interested in and devote yourself to it.
4. Adjust the law of life. Many times, as long as you adjust your accustomed life rules slightly, it will bring a brand-new feeling to your whole mental outlook. The so-called psychological problems are also easily solved.
5. Don't be afraid of psychological counseling. For serious and difficult psychological problems, you can also seek expert advice and help from mental health institutions.
Three, the general principles and measures of individual maintenance and promotion of mental health
1, develop a good sense of self.
2. Self-respect and self-love.
3. Develop good interpersonal relationships.
4. Cultivate good social adaptability.
5. Give up prejudice and seek help from a psychologist.
6. Actively practice, apply the above ideas to your own life, and adjust your psychological life and reaction in time.
Fourth, the causes of mental health problems of college students and solutions
The psychological problems of college students are complex, changeable and unique, and their causes are also varied. In the specific treatment process, it is necessary to comprehensively and carefully analyze its causes, so as to prescribe the right medicine and solve the problem quickly and effectively.
1. Changes in environment and angle lead to psychological conflicts.
The role, status and living environment of college students are very different from those of high schools. First of all, college students should arrange their own lives and deal with problems in study, life and interpersonal relationships by their own abilities. However, according to a survey, 80% students have never washed clothes at home before, so their self-care ability is poor and they are highly dependent on their parents. Life problems have put some pressure on these students. Secondly, the university's criteria for judging students' merits are no longer just academic achievements, but include factors such as organizational management ability and interpersonal communication ability. The diversity of these standards makes some students who have excellent grades but are mediocre in other aspects feel uncomfortable, and their self-esteem is strongly impacted, resulting in psychological loss and inferiority.
In view of this situation, first of all, improving the ability to live independently is the first step to adapt to school and an important step to adapt to social life. Secondly, we need to learn to correctly evaluate ourselves, objectively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of ourselves and others in different environments, and realize that everyone has strengths and weaknesses. We should carry forward our strengths and overcome them, instead of feeling inferior or giving up on ourselves because of our weaknesses.
2. Anxiety caused by study pressure.
Nowadays, universities have strict requirements for students' study. If they fail in several courses, they will be in danger of losing their degrees or even dropping out of school, which has caused some psychological pressure on students. In addition, universities pay more attention to students' self-study ability. Some students are frustrated because of improper learning methods and unsatisfactory grades, and the resulting tension is anxiety. Moderate anxiety level and necessary awakening and tension are necessary for people's study and work, but persistent and serious anxiety will make people lose confidence, interfere with normal thinking, and thus hinder learning.
Starting from the following aspects: first, we should establish correct and moderate learning standards, establish appropriate ambition levels, and avoid excessive anxiety caused by excessive expectations. In addition, it is necessary to improve self-study ability, master suitable learning methods and formulate good learning measures to effectively improve academic performance. If the anxiety is serious and lasts for a long time, it should be eliminated through psychological counseling.
3. Bad interpersonal relationships lead to emotional and personality disorders.
With the development of economy, the increase of social wealth, the popularization of modern household appliances, the weakening of the concept of brothers and sisters in urban families and the lack of neighborhood communication brought about by family planning, teenagers live in a relatively closed environment and are not good at communication. In addition, in college, interpersonal relationship is much more complicated than that in high school, which requires students to learn to interact with all kinds of people and gradually become socialized. However, some students are unable or difficult to adapt, and always ask others according to their own standards, thus causing obstacles to interpersonal communication. Poor interpersonal relationship will lead to lack of communication, psychological tension, depression and loneliness, which will affect normal study and life.
For students with bad interpersonal relationships, we should first learn to treat ourselves and others correctly and overcome cognitive prejudice. In addition, we should strengthen personality cultivation, overcome inferiority and shyness, and correct bad personality characteristics such as hypocrisy and selfishness. Thirdly, it is necessary to master certain communication principles and skills in order to establish normal interpersonal relationships and ensure the normal study and life.
4. Emotional troubles caused by love
College students are in adolescence, their physiological functions are mature, and they gradually demand love. However, if this problem is not handled well, it will directly affect their mental health, study and life. At present, college students' love troubles are mainly sexual discomfort, sexual impulse troubles and lack of ability to deal with emotional entanglements in love.
College students should not be encouraged to fall in love during school, but should be guided correctly, so that students can treat the opposite sex correctly and cultivate their ability to communicate with the opposite sex. Treat yourself and your lover correctly. When you are in emotional distress due to love, you should promptly channel your emotions, so that negative emotions can be reasonably vented, so as to ensure normal study and life and maintain mental health.
5. Psychological pressure caused by employment pressure.
It is a common problem for college graduates to find a job, and it is even more difficult to find an ideal job. Various problems encountered in the process of choosing a job (such as unsatisfactory work unit, fear of incompetence, inexperience, etc.) ) have caused great pressure on college students who are about to graduate. This kind of pressure is vented through some improper channels, such as throwing things around, drinking and fighting, and being negative and world-weary. Therefore, it is very necessary to give career guidance to college students, especially graduates, adjust their job-hunting mentality and choose jobs that suit them. We should know ourselves, including our physical and psychological qualities (such as intelligence, interest, attitude, temperament, ability, etc. ), which can be carried out with the help of some psychological testing tools, such as temperament survey scale. Secondly, students should understand the basic situation of various occupations. On the basis of these two aspects, choose a career that suits your own characteristics. At the same time, we should also learn basic job-hunting skills, so as to give full play to our advantages and show our true talents and knowledge in the job-hunting process to improve ourselves. Finally, we should correctly face the setbacks in job hunting, adjust our mentality and constantly strive to find opportunities.
6, the lack of their own psychological quality. Such as one-sided self-knowledge, emotional fragility, impulsiveness, instability, weak will, cowardice, vanity, indifference and stubbornness, lack of correct outlook on life and positive attitude towards life, poor ability to resist setbacks, neglect of mental health and lack of psychological adjustment skills. We should enrich our psychological knowledge, enhance our mental health awareness, learn the basic skills of psychological adjustment, and strive to cultivate and improve our psychological quality.
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