The influence of natural environment on human health. In recent years, people have gradually noticed the impact of air pollution on global climate change. Moreover, environmental pollution will directly damage and affect the ecosystem. The impact of the natural environment on human health is described in detail below.
Impact of natural environment on human health 1 (1) Impact of climate on health: Changes in nature and abnormal climate phenomena, such as typhoons, droughts, floods and sandstorms, will destroy ecosystems and pose a threat to human health. In addition, the cold, hot and humid climate is closely related to the occurrence of some diseases. The continuous high temperature environment will lead to heatstroke, and there is a risk of kidney and circulatory diseases and stroke; Extremely cold environment may increase respiratory diseases and frostbite.
(2) Influence of topography and geology on health: Different topography and geology, different crustal material composition and the content of various chemical elements will have different degrees of influence on human health. If iodine deficiency in the environment will lead to endemic goiter; Excessive fluoride in the environment will lead to skeletal fluorosis; Endemic arsenic poisoning and Keshan disease are related to the content of local geological materials.
(3) The impact of the imbalance of natural environmental factors on health: With the development of science and technology, the ability of human beings to use and control the environment has been continuously improved, but it has also brought pollution to the environment. It mainly includes the destruction of natural environment such as air, water and soil, which threatens human health.
① Air pollution: The impact of air pollution on health depends on the type, nature, concentration and duration of harmful substances in the air, as well as the sensitivity of individuals. Harmful substances in the air will stimulate the vagus nerve endings on the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, causing bronchial reflex contraction and spasm, coughing and sneezing.
Under the chronic action of low concentration poison, the resistance of respiratory tract gradually weakens, which will induce diseases such as chronic bronchitis. Harmful gases in the atmosphere that have no irritating effect are more harmful than irritating gases because they cannot be detected by organs.
② Water pollution: Water is an indispensable substance in people's production and life, and the quality of water environment will directly affect people's health. The effects of water pollution on human health mainly include acute or chronic poisoning, carcinogenesis, teratogenesis, mutation and the spread of water-borne infectious diseases.
③ Soil pollution: Soil pollution mainly refers to the accumulation of soil. Excessive organic waste or toxic waste affects or exceeds the self-purification ability of soil, which has harmful effects on hygiene and epidemiology. Soil contaminated by pathogens can spread infectious diseases such as typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, dysentery and viral hepatitis, and parasitic diseases such as ascariasis and hookworm disease.
④ Others: noise, radiation, etc.
The influence of natural environment on human beings is fundamental, and a good natural environment is the material basis for human survival and development.
The influence of natural environment on human health. Harm of environmental pollution to health
1, health hazards of air pollution
Air pollution directly or indirectly affects human health, causing uncomfortable reactions of sensory and physiological functions, subclinical and pathological changes, clinical signs or potential genetic effects, acute and chronic poisoning or death.
The impact of air pollution on health depends on the type, nature, concentration and duration of harmful substances in the atmosphere, and also depends on the sensitivity of human body. For example, the harmful effect of floating dust on human body depends on the particle size, hardness, solubility and chemical composition of floating dust, as well as various harmful gases and microorganisms adsorbed on the surface of dust particles. Different chemical properties, toxicity and water solubility of harmful gases will also cause different degrees of harm.
The concentration of chemical pollutants in the atmosphere is generally low, which mainly produces chronic toxic effects on human body. Inhalation of harmful chemicals that directly stimulate the respiratory tract will cause bronchial reflex contraction, spasm, cough, sneezing and increased airway resistance. Under the chronic action of poisons, the resistance of respiratory tract will gradually weaken, thus inducing chronic respiratory diseases, and even serious pulmonary edema and pulmonary heart disease may occur.
Epidemiological survey data show that urban air pollution is the direct cause or inducement of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and bronchial asthma. In areas with serious air pollution, the total mortality and incidence of respiratory diseases are higher than those in areas with light pollution. The symptoms of chronic bronchitis get worse with the aggravation of air pollution.
Second, the health hazards of water pollution
The increasingly serious water pollution poses a great threat to the survival and safety of human beings and becomes the main obstacle to the sustainable development of human health, economy and society. According to the investigation of international authoritative organizations, 8% of all kinds of diseases in developing countries are spread by drinking unsanitary water, which causes at least 20 million deaths worldwide every year. Therefore, water pollution is called "the world's number one killer".
Water pollution affects industrial production, increases equipment corrosion, affects product quality, and even makes production impossible. Water pollution affects people's lives, destroys ecology, directly harms people's health and causes great damage.
(1) After water pollution harms human health, pollutants enter the human body through drinking water or food chain, causing acute or chronic poisoning. Arsenic, chromium, ammonium, pyrene, etc. It can also induce cancer. Water polluted by parasites, viruses or other pathogenic bacteria will cause many infectious diseases and parasitic diseases. Water polluted by heavy metals is harmful to human health.
Water and food polluted by cadmium will cause kidney and bone diseases after people eat it. Ingestion of 20 mg of cadmium sulfate will lead to death. Lead poisoning can lead to anemia and insanity. Hexavalent chromium is very toxic, which can cause skin ulcers and cause cancer.
Drinking arsenic-containing water can cause acute or chronic poisoning. Arsenic inhibits or inactivates many enzymes, leading to metabolic disorders, skin keratinization and skin cancer. Organophosphorus pesticides can cause neurotoxicity, while organochlorine pesticides can accumulate in fat, which is harmful to endocrine, immune and reproductive functions of human beings and animals.
Most polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are carcinogenic. Cyanide is also a highly toxic substance. After entering the blood, it combines with the pigment oxidase of cells, which interrupts breathing and causes respiratory failure, suffocation and death. We know that 80% of the diseases in the world are related to water. Typhoid fever, cholera, gastroenteritis, dysentery and infectious liver disease are the five major diseases of human beings, all of which are caused by unclean water.
(2) Water pollution is harmful to industrial and agricultural production, and industrial water must be treated with more expenses, resulting in a waste of resources and energy. The food industry has stricter requirements for water. If the water quality is unqualified, it will stop production. This is also a factor of low efficiency and poor quality of industrial enterprises. The use of sewage in agriculture will reduce crop yield and quality, even harm people and animals, pollute large areas of farmland and reduce soil quality. The consequences of marine pollution are also very serious, such as oil pollution, which causes the death of seabirds and marine life.
(3) Harm of water eutrophication Under normal circumstances, oxygen has certain solubility in water. Dissolved oxygen is not only the survival condition of aquatic organisms, but also participates in various redox reactions in water, promoting the transformation and degradation of pollutants, which is an important reason why natural water bodies have self-purification ability.
The discharge of domestic sewage containing a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium leads to the degradation of a large number of organic substances and the release of nutrients in the water, which promotes the excessive growth of algae and plants in the water, makes the water body poorly ventilated, reduces dissolved oxygen and even appears anaerobic layer. A large number of aquatic plants die, the water surface turns black, and the water stinks to form a "dead lake", "dead river" and "dead sea", which in turn becomes a swamp. This phenomenon is called water eutrophication. Eutrophicated water has an unpleasant smell, dark color and many bacteria. This kind of water is of poor quality and can't be used directly, which prevents the fish from dying.
Third, the health hazards of noise pollution.
Noise is harmful to people in many ways;
1, hearing loss. Working in strong noise for a long time will reduce hearing and even cause noise deafness.
2, interfere with sleep. When people's sleep is disturbed by noise, they can't eliminate fatigue and recover their physical strength.
3, induce a variety of diseases. Noise can make people nervous, lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, and even induce gastrointestinal ulcers, endocrine system dysfunction and other diseases.
4. Affect mental health. Noise can make people fidget, unable to concentrate on study and work, and easily lead to work-related injuries and traffic accidents.
(D), the health hazards of solid waste pollution
Solid waste is generally called garbage, which is the waste after human metabolism and consumption of consumer goods. At present, the domestic garbage of urban residents, garbage generated in the maintenance and management of wheeled garbage bins and municipal management, and solid waste discharged from industrial production are increasing rapidly, and their components are becoming increasingly complex. The average growth rate of garbage in countries around the world is 2-3 times that of their economies.
If the garbage is not removed in time, it will inevitably pollute the air and cause serious pollution to the soil and water. It leads to the breeding of mosquitoes and flies, the proliferation of bacteria, the rapid spread of diseases and the harm to human health.
The influence of natural environment on human health 3 ① Poisoning.
The wastewater discharged from industrial "three wastes" contains heavy metal poisons such as lead and cadmium, which can cause chronic cadmium poisoning (pain) and lead poisoning through rice after irrigation; Chronic arsenic poisoning and mercury poisoning caused by pesticide pollution in soil containing arsenic and mercury; After "three wastes" and pesticides pollute the soil, surface water and groundwater are polluted by rainwater, and people can cause poisoning through drinking water, food and livestock feed.
② Inducing cancer
Recent studies have further confirmed that cadmium, phenoxy herbicides and chlorophenol pesticides have carcinogenic effects on people. The soil is contaminated by radioactivity. External irradiation and internal irradiation (through respiratory tract and digestive tract) can not only induce cancer, but also lead to dizziness, fatigue, alopecia and leukopenia or increase.
③ spreading diseases.
Soil polluted by feces, garbage and sewage containing pathogens can become the transmission medium of related diseases, such as typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, dysentery and tuberculosis. There are also tetanus, gas gangrene, botulinum and so on. It can survive in soil for a long time and become an important source of infection for people infected with these diseases.