In a person's life, the career choice period is a very critical period. Therefore, a good and healthy psychology in the career choice period is related to the development of a person's future life course, and determines whether a person can display his personality, show his talents, achieve career success and realize self-worth in his professional life. In order to avoid the psychological obstacles and pressure of college students in choosing a job, we should take active measures to adjust their bad psychology in choosing a job.
I. Basic views on adjustment
Adaptation, also known as psychological adaptation, refers to the process of changing or expanding the original cognitive structure to adapt to the new situation. In the process of choosing a job, college students will inevitably encounter difficulties, setbacks and contradictions, which will lead to various psychological problems, which is not conducive to personal physical and mental health and employment. The function of psychological adjustment is to help college students objectively analyze themselves and reality when encountering setbacks and conflicts, effectively eliminate psychological troubles, control and adjust their emotions, thus maintaining a stable and positive attitude, maintaining physical and mental health, giving full play to their talents and gaining a place.
The so-called self-psychological adjustment is to control and adjust one's own psychology according to the needs of one's own development and environment, so as to maximize one's potential, maintain psychological balance and eliminate psychological troubles. Learning self-psychological adjustment can help college students to adjust and control themselves when they encounter difficulties, setbacks and psychological conflicts in choosing a job, so as to resolve difficulties, eliminate troubles, improve their mood, find the best way to realize their ideal and goal of choosing a job, and avoid their mood plummeting or losing confidence due to frustration. Therefore, college students should fully understand the positive role of psychological adjustment, improve their consciousness of self-adjustment, enhance their ability to bear setbacks and solve conflicts, adjust their psychological state in time, and promote mental health and smooth job hunting.
There are four ways of psychological adjustment for college students:
(1) Full of confidence
Knowing people is wise, knowing friends is wise; It's not easy to meet people, and it's even harder to meet friends. College students should have a full understanding of themselves, combine subjective wishes with objective conditions, and enhance their self-confidence psychology. In the process of job hunting, some college students often feel that they are just Nuo Nuo, lacking in ability, because they are too shy to show their talents. Facing the increasingly fierce competition for talents, college students should abandon their inferiority complex and build up their self-confidence. Full of self-confidence, in peacetime, we should pay attention to cultivating our own good personality qualities, change those bad personality qualities that are not suitable for development, cultivate self-confidence, optimism, self-improvement, tolerance, openness and innovation, and establish self-confidence. When you encounter setbacks and difficulties in job hunting, you should believe in your ability, don't be intimidated by temporary difficulties, face up to the reality, look to the future, believe that the future is bright, have reasonable and firm confidence in yourself, and you will certainly reach the other side of your ideal, find a satisfactory job and adjust your bad psychology in time. The psychology of seeking a job with moderate expectations, seeking truth from facts, and contentment. Young college students with ideals and ambitions should enthusiastically go to places where they are most needed in the motherland to make contributions and devote their youth.
I remember a fable: two little frogs accidentally fell into a jar full of oil and tried to jump out. The oil was so greasy that they tried to climb out. The jar was too slippery, but many efforts failed. One of them thought: What's the point of swimming without hope? This makes me less and less able to swim; The other continued to swim despite fatigue: I will swim as long as I have strength! Swimming, it suddenly met a solid solid, and the butter solidified under its constant stirring. It stepped on the solidified butter and jumped out with all its strength-it turned out that success was that simple.
(B) Face up to social reality
People are social people and realistic people. Facing up to social reality is one of the necessary healthy mentality for college students to choose a job. A positive attitude is to face up to the society and adapt to it; Negative mentality is to leave society and escape from society. At present, the general trend is that with the advent of the era of knowledge economy, society will respect knowledge and talents more and more. With the deepening of the reform of college students' employment system and the national labor consciousness system, the society will provide a better environment for college students to find jobs and choose jobs as much as possible, and the opportunities for choosing jobs will be greatly increased, which will certainly provide a broad world for college students to display their talents and be conducive to their own development and success. But at the same time, we should also see that China's current productivity is still relatively backward, the supply and demand situation is unbalanced, the educational structure is unreasonable, and the jobs provided by society for college students cannot satisfy everyone. In addition, the employment market of college students in China needs to be further improved, and there are opportunities for unhealthy trends. After the expansion of the autonomy of employers, the requirements for college students are more stringent. Therefore, college students should proceed from reality, renew their concept of choosing jobs and face the talent market in order to be recognized and accepted by the society. Facing up to social reality, it is also necessary for college students to recognize social needs and choose their own jobs according to social needs, instead of aiming too high and divorced from reality. Human nature is the sum of social relations. Man's survival and development are inseparable from society, and the realization of everyone's self-desire is inseparable from his social environment. As a social activity, choosing a job is bound to be restricted by various social conditions. If college students are divorced from social needs, it is difficult for them to be accepted by society, or even to survive. It is not advisable to blindly pursue personal fame and fortune and satisfy your own wishes.
(C) cultivate a sense of independence
Society does not treat college students as students or immature young people, and society requires college students to take full responsibility for their actions. Therefore, it is very important for college students to consciously cultivate their sense of independence during their school days. First of all, we should cultivate our ability to live independently. Start with trivial daily things, cultivate your ability to deal with problems independently, develop various basic life skills, get rid of family care, and learn to stand on your own feet. Secondly, we should pay attention to cultivating the ability to handle study, life and work independently. Give full play to your creativity, instead of waiting for the teacher's arrangement and guidance, learn to adapt to and change the environment. Third, be independent ideologically and psychologically. Consciously realize that college students should go their own way, have their own opinions, seek their own goals, deal with various problems independently, and constantly improve their ideological system; Psychological independence, on the one hand, it is very important to have self-confidence. Regardless of success or failure, regardless of prosperity or adversity, you can be honest with yourself, believe in your own ability, achieve self-esteem, self-love, self-confidence, self-improvement, and maintain an optimistic, enterprising, positive and healthy attitude.
(D) the correct treatment of setbacks
Frustration is the touchstone. Mentally healthy people are brave enough to challenge setbacks and persevere. People who are mentally unhealthy shrink from difficulties, even have a nervous breakdown and behave abnormally. In the process of job hunting, college students should maintain a healthy and stable psychology, have a positive attitude, and don't flinch when encountering setbacks. We should carefully analyze the reasons for the failure, whether it is insufficient subjective efforts, too high objective requirements, lack of subjective conditions or too harsh objective conditions. Only by careful analysis can we know fairly well and adjust our mentality. Some students will feel depressed once they are hired. Although they lost a chance to choose a job, it doesn't mean that they have no hope of choosing a job and no career. Therefore, when encountering setbacks, we should dare to challenge, make progress despite difficulties and persevere. Because the road to success will not be smooth sailing, only perseverance and perseverance can reach the peak of glory, and those who give up when encountering setbacks can only give up halfway and never succeed. Coping with setbacks is not passive adaptation and temporary patience, but giving up the frustration psychology of waiting for opportunities, complaining and despising difficulties, enhancing confidence, correcting goals, objectively analyzing, making positive progress and creating a new life.
Second, the specific methods of psychological adjustment
If college students want to control their emotions, consciously adjust their internal unbalanced psychology, enhance their psychological quality and maintain an optimistic mood, they need to constantly carry out psychological adjustment. The following introduces several commonly used psychological adjustment methods for college students to use selectively according to their actual situation in the process of choosing a job.
(A) self-motivation method
Self-motivation method mainly refers to using philosophy, exemplary deeds or wise ideas in life to motivate yourself, fight against all kinds of bad emotions, and firmly believe that the future is beautiful, because failures and setbacks have become the past, so we should bravely face the next time, treat unpredictable things as expected as much as possible, and encourage ourselves not to panic, be impulsive and impatient even when encountering unexpected events or being frustrated in choosing a job, but to use our brains, think calmly and find countermeasures. In the process of choosing a job, college students should believe in their own strength, enhance their self-confidence, eliminate their inferiority complex, and maintain a good mood and mentality through self-motivation.
(B) attention transfer method
Attention transfer method is to shift attention from negative emotions to positive emotions. When bad emotions appear, we can take the method of diverting attention, find novel stimuli, activate new excitement centers to offset or dilute the original excitement centers, and make the bad emotions gradually disappear. Such as: listening to music, participating in sports, entertaining yourself, accepting the influence of nature, participating in activities of interest, etc. , so that they have no time to immerse themselves in the adverse emotional reactions caused by various reasons, in order to achieve psychological stability.
(3) Moderate catharsis
When all kinds of contradictions and conflicts are encountered, causing bad emotions, we should make adjustments as soon as possible or vent appropriately, so that the depressed mood can be alleviated and improved. A better way to vent is to talk to your close friends and teachers about your troubles and depression, so that bad emotions can be channeled. In the process of pouring out troubles, we can get more emotional support and understanding, get new ideas to know and solve problems, and enhance our confidence in overcoming difficulties. You can also eliminate depression and restore psychological balance through activities such as ball games and mountain climbing, but you should pay attention to the occasion, identity and atmosphere and pay attention to moderation. Ventilation should be nondestructive.
(D) Self-consolation method
Self-comfort, also known as self-comfort, is the key to self-tolerance. When choosing jobs, college students often encounter setbacks. When they can't change through subjective efforts, they can comfort themselves appropriately to relieve motivation conflicts, anxiety, depression, troubles and disappointment, and help maintain psychological stability. When you are troubled by emotional setbacks, you can comfort yourself and get rid of your troubles with words like "It's never too late to mend" and "A blessing in disguise".
(5) rational emotional therapy
Rational emotional therapy believes that people's emotional distress is caused by incorrect cognition, that is, irrational beliefs. Therefore, through cognitive correction, replacing unreasonable thinking mode with reasonable thinking mode can minimize the adverse effects of unreasonable beliefs on people's emotions. For example, some college students complain that "there are too few jobs in the talent market" and "the requirements of employers are too high" because they only look for reasons objectively, that "college students should choose jobs smoothly" and "society should provide enough jobs for college students" and so on. It is precisely because of these incorrect cognitive beliefs that his bad mood comes from himself. Therefore, if we can change these unreasonable ideas and adjust the cognitive structure, bad emotions can be overcome. College students should grasp three points when using rational emotional therapy: first, they should realize that bad emotions are not from the outside, but caused by their own irrational beliefs; Second, because they still maintain their irrational beliefs in the past, their emotional distress cannot be alleviated; Third, only by changing your irrational beliefs can you eliminate emotional distress.
There are many methods of self-adjustment, such as environmental adjustment, self-meditation, making friends, relaxing exercise, humor therapy and so on. The above are some coping methods, but the most important thing is that college students should establish a correct concept of choosing a job, be full of confidence in choosing a job, pay attention to tempering their will, cultivate an optimistic and open-minded attitude, be not afraid of difficulties and setbacks, and always maintain a positive mental state and healthy psychology.
In a word, college students should improve their awareness of self-regulation, maintain a good attitude and base themselves on their own efforts in the process of job hunting. At the same time, society, schools and families should also give enthusiastic attention and active guidance to help students face reality, eliminate psychological troubles, relieve unnecessary psychological pressure, and urge them to realize role transformation as soon as possible and successfully embark on their jobs.
Third, the methods and skills of choosing a job
It is important for college students to make positive psychological preparation and adjustment when choosing a job, but it is also essential to master certain methods and skills.
(A) methods and skills of self-recommendation
In order to find a job smoothly, college students need to publicize, show and sell themselves correctly through various ways and methods. Self-recommendation largely determines whether you can get further interview opportunities, which is an "interview" without meeting. Therefore, as a college student, you should pay attention to the following aspects.
1, choose the appropriate way to recommend yourself.
Common self-recommendation methods are: oral self-recommendation, written self-recommendation, advertising self-recommendation, etc. For every job seeker, it is undoubtedly very important to choose the way of self-recommendation. College students should choose appropriate self-recommendation methods based on their own actual situation. For job seekers with free speech, quick thinking and fluent Mandarin, oral recommendation can give full play to their advantages. For job seekers who can write beautiful fonts and beautiful articles, choosing written recommendation can show the charm of job seekers better. In the increasingly fierce competition for talents, the choice of self-recommendation depends on the needs of employers. At the same time, the delivery method of self-recommendation materials is also very important. Job-seekers can show their self-recommendation materials to employers in person, which can deepen their impression of employers and enhance the possibility of successful job hunting.
2. Self-recommendation materials are well prepared
Self-recommendation materials include self-recommendation letter, resume, supporting materials and school recommendation form. Self-recommendation materials should be complete. Letter of recommendation is mainly to introduce yourself and show your abilities and characteristics; Resume is mainly to let employers know their past experiences; Proof materials are personal achievements; The school recommendation form reflects the school's recognition of itself. The preparation of self-recommendation materials should be realistic and appropriate; Second, we should highlight key points and emphasize personal expertise and characteristics; Third, writing should be smooth and handwriting should be correct; Fourth, use words modestly, and don't use words that may cause others to dislike. Sometimes, self-recommendation materials written in multiple languages are also helpful for job hunting. If you choose to work in ethnic minority areas, writing letters of recommendation in ethnic languages and Chinese will achieve good results. For example, if you used to work in foreign affairs, tourism or joint ventures, you can prepare a foreign language recommendation letter to let the employer know your foreign language level.
3, master the skills of self-introduction
Grasping the skills of self-introduction flexibly will help college students to open the door to job hunting smoothly. When introducing yourself, be active, confident and generous; It is necessary to highlight key points and emphasize one's professional expertise, knowledge and hobbies; Seeking truth from facts and not whitewashing mistakes; Be targeted and introduce your abilities according to the specific requirements of the employer.
4. Skills to win favor
If you win the favor of your employer, your job search goal will reach half. In order to win the favor of employers, we can grasp it from four aspects: first, when applying for a job, we should dress neatly and cleanly, and female students should avoid heavy makeup and wear transparent or sexy dresses. Second, when introducing yourself, you should be confident and generous, speak calmly and with a moderate voice. Third, when introducing yourself, be polite and behave appropriately. In an interview, both boys and girls should not put their hands in their pockets or put their backs on their hips, but smoking and pointing will not leave a good impression. Fourth, we should pay attention to plain and objective speech, avoid being too blunt and boastful, answer questions to the point, pay attention to civilization, and don't use glib and low-style proverbs. The method of establishing a good first impression (SOLER) is worthy of attention. S: refers to facing others when sitting or standing;
O: the posture should be naturally open;
L: lean forward slightly;
E: look forward;
R: relax.
Interview method
In the process of job selection, employers often decide whether to hire candidates through interviews. Interview can not only assess a person's comprehensive ability, but also enable recruiters to know whether the candidate is capable of doing a certain job through observation. Interview is an important part of college students' career choice and should be paid full attention to.
1, interview preparation
In order to meet the challenges calmly in the interview, college students should be prepared from three aspects before the interview:
(1) Understand the situation of the employer. Most recruiters will ask questions related to their own units. Therefore, job seekers should understand the situation of the employer, so as to narrow the distance between the two sides and increase the recruiter's goodwill towards you. Before the interview, we should collect the information of the employer through the internet, newspapers, television and other media or acquaintances, such as history, scale, main business, characteristics and requirements of employing people, so as to be targeted in the interview.
(2) Conduct simulated question and answer. Employers often ask questions of one kind or another in the interview process, and job seekers should predict the questions that employers may ask in the interview and conduct mock questions and answers. Recruiters usually ask to answer four questions: first, introduce yourself; The second is the reason for choosing this unit; Third, understanding and views on current affairs policies; The fourth is what kind of ambition and attitude you will put into your work if you are hired. Preparing the questions and answers that the applicant may have in advance will help the applicant to perform well in the interview.
(3) Maintain a good mental state. Before attending the interview, you should relax properly, adjust your mentality and pay attention to rest, so that you can have plenty of energy to attend the interview.
2, the basic etiquette of the interview
Etiquette is indispensable in daily social activities. In the interview, job seekers should pay more attention to etiquette, otherwise it will make recruiters feel that you lack self-cultivation. Watch the time during the interview. Generally, you can arrive at the interview site 5- 10 minutes in advance. Dress neatly and don't give people the feeling of being sloppy. Self-confident and elegant behavior, natural expression, proper movements, and good posture. Pay attention to each other's words. When introducing questions to each other, keep your eyes on each other, don't look around, and don't droop your eyelids.
3. Language application in the interview.
Language expression during the interview is also very important. When answering questions, the interviewer should speak clearly, pay attention to controlling the speed of speech, keep the language fluent, answer concisely and completely, pay attention to not using spoken and uncivilized language, and pay attention to the correct use of intonation and speed. During the interview, the conversation should be reserved. When encountering difficulties, witty and humorous language will increase the relaxed and happy atmosphere and help to save the day. Pay attention to the listener's reaction at any time in the interview conversation, adjust the tone, intonation, volume and content according to the other person's reaction, change the subject immediately when you find that the other person is not interested, and find that the other person is listening to you, indicating that the volume is too low, so you should raise your voice appropriately.
4. Answer skills
In the interview, it is very important for candidates to master the answering skills. When you answer, you should grasp the key points, be concise, and avoid long speeches that make people irrelevant. For the questions raised by recruiters, you can't simply answer them with "yes" or "no". You should make the reasons clear and give appropriate explanations. If the question asked by the recruiter is out of scope or difficult to understand at the moment, you can state your understanding of the question. After the other party confirms, you should be targeted and avoid answering irrelevant questions. When answering questions, you should have your own unique opinions, but you don't have to be unconventional. When you encounter questions you don't know, understand or understand in the interview, don't pretend to be ignorant and far-fetched, and admit your shortcomings sincerely and frankly. Asking each other humbly will arouse the trust and goodwill of the examiner.
(3) written examination and signature
Written examination is an auxiliary way of job evaluation, which has been paid attention by employers in recent years, and also reflects the psychological quality and professional quality of college students. The main methods are: psychological test, which is used to test candidates' mental health, professional interest, professional ability, attitude, personality and temperament; Professional examination, which mainly tests the professional knowledge and related ability of job seekers; Proposition writing reflects the job seeker's mastery of language and ability to solve problems.
Signing a contract is the last link in job hunting and the last step in career choice. The agreement stipulates the rights and obligations of schools, students and employers. Therefore, as a contract, college students must be cautious about the employment agreement, seriously consider the terms of the contract and make a final decision.
In a word, career development is closely related to mental health. People with mental health will have more initiative in their future career, and people with mental health will have more opportunities in the fierce competition in the future society.