1, hepatitis C symptoms
1, weak. Patients often feel weak unconsciously and will continue to experience high-frequency fatigue. Different from normal fatigue and weakness, it is difficult for hepatitis C patients to relieve fatigue symptoms even after adequate rest, which is the most common and easily overlooked early symptom of hepatitis C. 。
2, the right upper abdomen is uncomfortable. The discomfort of the right upper abdomen is more common below the right costal margin.
3. Digestive system discomfort. Patients with hepatitis C will have symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting and aversion to greasy food in the early stage. After a long time, they will have symptoms such as weight loss and muscle and joint pain.
4. jaundice Hepatitis C, like other liver diseases, will cause serious liver damage, lead to abnormal metabolism of hepatocytes, and bilirubin in the body cannot be effectively metabolized, leading to excessive accumulation of bilirubin, and the direct result is jaundice such as yellowing of skin and sclera.
5. Spider nevus. Because of liver injury, the liver inactivation function of hepatitis C patients decreased, and estrogen and sex hormones in patients could not be excreted normally through the liver, which led to the phenomenon of spider nevus and liver palm due to estrogen flooding the capillaries.
6. Itching skin, poor sleep, depression and upset, as well as short-term memory difficulties, inattention and difficulty in doing the same job for a long time are common early symptoms of hepatitis C. 。
2. The harm caused by hepatitis C..
1. Generally speaking, hepatitis C has a long onset time and is difficult to find. Generally, after a chronic course of 10~20 years, at least 20% patients will develop cirrhosis.
2. Hepatitis C is highly contagious, and the virus is mainly transmitted through blood. Transfusion and use of blood products may be infected with hepatitis C virus; Sexual transmission is also the transmission route of hepatitis C, and the mutual infection between husband and wife and sexual partners; Like hepatitis B, there is mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C, and it is very common for babies to carry hepatitis C virus at birth.
3. The harm of hepatitis C is also manifested in its high incidence, easy to become chronic and easy to deteriorate. Infection with hepatitis C virus will cause acute hepatitis C. Usually, 50%~85% of acute patients will turn into chronic hepatitis C. Among patients infected with hepatitis C through blood transfusion, 20%~30% will eventually develop cirrhosis, and about 5% of patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis will cause liver cancer.
4. The proportion of patients with hepatitis C who eventually develop into cirrhosis, liver cancer and liver failure is much higher than that of other hepatitis. About 50%~85% of patients with acute hepatitis C will turn into chronic hepatitis C, about 20%~30% of patients with hepatitis C infected by blood transfusion will eventually develop cirrhosis, and the probability of patients with hepatitis C caused by other reasons developing cirrhosis is about 10%~ 15%.
5. The early symptoms of hepatitis C are not obvious and have strong concealment, so many patients with hepatitis C neglect treatment, and more than 80% of infected people will develop chronic hepatitis, thus increasing the probability that hepatitis C will endanger human health.
3. Effective prevention methods of hepatitis B..
1, control the source of infection
The isolation period of patients with acute hepatitis depends on the infection period of viral hepatitis. The asymptomatic HBV and HCV carriers should be further tested for infectious indicators, including HBeAg, HBVDNA, anti -HCV and HCVRNA. Those who are positive should be forbidden to donate blood and engage in child health care.
2, cut off the route of transmission
Prevent transmission through blood and body fluids. Every blood donor and blood unit should use the most sensitive method to detect HBeAg and anti -HCV. It is forbidden for positive people to donate blood, and it is forbidden for positive blood. Advocate the use of disposable injection instruments and acupuncture needles, and reusable instruments must be autoclaved or boiled for sterilization. Heat-labile instruments can be disinfected by soaking in 2% glutaraldehyde for 2 hours. Washing utensils should be dedicated. After touching the patient, wash your hands with soapbox running water. Maintain good living habits. Safety precautions should be taken before having sex with people who are not sure whether they carry hepatitis B virus. Proper use of condoms can reduce the chance of infection. Do not use personal items that others may come into contact with blood and body fluids, such as toothbrushes (bleeding from brushing teeth), razors, syringes, etc. Be careful of operations that come into contact with blood, such as tattoo, eyebrow tattoo, ear piercing, acupuncture and nevus removal. In particular, do not use unqualified equipment, and try to use disposable equipment. If work requires contact with patients, some safety measures should be taken. Wear gloves, masks and protective clothing if you will come into contact with a large number of patients' blood and body fluids. You can also use diluted household bleach (1 bleach and 49 parts water) to disinfect items stained with blood.
3. Protecting vulnerable groups
All newborns (especially those whose mothers are HBeAg positive) should be vaccinated with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine immediately within 24 hours after birth, and the protection rate of three doses is about 85%. HBeAg positive pregnant women injected HBIG in the third month after pregnancy may play a preventive role in mother-to-child transmission.