One: Extraocular examination
1 eyelid
area chart
The left picture shows a normal dog eye, and the right picture shows a swollen eyelid.
2 conjunctiva
area chart
The left picture shows normal conjunctiva, reddish. Observe whether there are vascular hyperplasia and color changes, such as yellow staining and cyanosis. The bulbar conjunctiva on the right is swollen.
3 cornea
Normal cornea is transparent, observe whether there is ulcer perforation, etc
The above is the inspection that pet owners can carry out on their own. Judging whether the pet's eyes are normal through the above four parts, after these normal performances, it does not mean that the pet's eyes are healthy, and it is necessary to use the detection method of equipment measurement.
Two: Intraocular examination
1: slit lamp microscope. We can not only observe superficial lesions, but also make deep tissue lesions clear.
control instrument
Check eyelid, conjunctiva, sclera, cornea, anterior chamber, iris, pupil, lens, anterior vitreous 1/3.
2. Intraocular pressure measurement
detecting instrument
Tonometer measurement, glaucoma diagnosis. Contact the cornea with the front probe and display the intraocular pressure. Convenient and quick, take photos with your mobile phone. In order to display the tonometer, the lovely classmate Heixiaola only has eyes.
3. Fluorescein method
Used to measure the patency rate of corneal ulcer and nasolacrimal duct.
Detection dog
Corneal integrity, fluorescein can not penetrate the cornea, can not be colored in the eyes. If the cornea is incomplete, it is colored. When fluorescein is injected into the nasolacrimal duct, the fluorescent pigment flows out from the nostril, indicating that the nasolacrimal duct is unobstructed, but if it flows out along the inner corner of the eye, it is not unobstructed. Don't worry about fluorescein. It won't last forever. It can be washed with normal saline.
4. Schlemmer tear test (STT):
Schlemmer tear test
Image source (blog of pet ophthalmologist Chang Wenbiao)
Measure the sum of basic secretion of tears in one minute+tears stored in conjunctival sac+tears stimulated by test paper. Normal 15-25 mm/min, 10- 15 mm/min, tears secretion may be insufficient, lower than 10mm/min, suggesting dry eye (KCS). The tear volume test should be carried out before all eye examinations, otherwise the test results will be inaccurate. Used to detect keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs.
5. Direct ophthalmoscopy and indirect ophthalmoscope.
Observe fundus lesions, whether there is vascular hyperplasia in retina and whether there is atrophy of optic papilla.
Three: Vision test experiment
1: vertigo experiment
In the dark, the pet's eyes were suddenly exposed to strong light. If his eyesight is normal, he will squint his eyes like a human to avoid sudden stimulation. If he doesn't respond to strong light, he will have vision problems.
2. Animal experiments
Pets are usually interested in moving objects. Put your finger in front of Peter. If the pet rotates with the movement of your fingers, your eyesight will be good.
3. Cotton ball experiment
Drop a cotton ball from a height and observe the pet's reaction. When the pet falls with the falling direction of the cotton ball, it means that the pet is visible. Pay attention to make the cotton ball loose and big, so that there is enough time for the pet to fall down and watch. In addition, the influence of wind on the experimental results should be excluded.
4. Obstacle experiment
Compared with the above three, it is the most accurate, but it takes a long time. The way is to set up a barrier between you and your pet. You call your pet's name on the other side. If your pet can successfully avoid obstacles and run to your side, it shows that you have a vision. If your pet can't pass obstacles smoothly or is afraid of touching something, you can basically judge that your pet has no vision.
The above are several common detection methods, and there will be some special detection methods for different situations. Due to the limitation of pet owners' eye anatomy knowledge, only a partial explanation was made. Pet owners should gently rub their eyes during eye examination, and communicate with the pet doctor in time when finding abnormal conditions. Have bright eyes to protect your pet.