Endemic fluorosis is the abbreviation of endemic fluorosis caused by coal pollution. The diseases caused by fluorosis mainly include dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. The endemic areas are mainly distributed in Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing and other places in southwest China. The mountainous areas in western Hunan and Hubei and Ankang in Shaanxi are also endemic areas. For the sake of people's health, the national health department began to implement the prevention and control of endemic fluorosis in these areas, and Pu 'an Village, Qingchi Town, Jinsha County is also one of the villages where the prevention and control work was officially carried out. Therefore, since 2007, our town has carried out large-scale publicity work on this work, which has laid a solid foundation for the development of people's health work in our town.
The school selects CDs about endemic fluorosis from the distance education courseware distributed by the county distance education office, and distributes the courseware to the distance education centers according to the proportion of the population in the village; At the same time, each distance education point is required to copy and burn the distributed courseware according to the number of distance education players established in the village, so as to ensure that each distance education player has at least one CD about endemic fluorosis.
The school downloaded a large number of audio and video files about the harm of endemic fluorosis and its prevention and control from the Internet, and used the time of holding parent-teacher conferences and agricultural technology training meetings to conduct video teaching publicity and training for the masses. At the same time, the downloaded audio and video files are burned into CDs and quickly added to the hands of distance education broadcasters, which greatly enriches the teaching resources and truly achieves the propaganda atmosphere of learning at home.
You see, my home is broadcast. I saw at home that the learning and training process of CD is really different from the general publicity and training. Because the audio and video files are played simultaneously, the examples in it are just like those around you. You can invisibly relate it to yourself or others and read all the contents unconsciously. Especially in the section on how to prevent it, we simulate the construction scheme, equipment installation sequence, food drying and storage, food preparation before eating and other methods. Because of their simple and clear explanations, they are easily accepted.
No wonder many people in the village say that the distance education broadcaster contacted by the school is really a good helper to spread the knowledge of endemic fluorosis prevention and control.
The composition about endemic fluorosis is about 450 words.
Because endemic fluorosis in our province is caused by fluorine released from coal burning, the most effective, simple and economical preventive measure is to improve the stove to prevent indoor air and food from being polluted by fluorine.
The key to improving the stove is to install the smoke exhaust facilities such as the stove cover and chimney (pipe), which can effectively discharge the smoke to the outside.
For this reason, it is required that the furnace body is firm and does not leak smoke, the furnace rings are closely matched, the chimney extends vertically and unobstructed from the roof for more than two feet (the height of the chimney is more than 3.5 meters when it extends from the side), and the smoke pipe of the heating iron furnace must extend outward.
On the basis of improving the stove, change the way of drying and storing food. After corn and pepper are harvested, they should be dried outdoors. When it is urgent to dry in rainy days, it can be dried in the flue-cured tobacco room.
After the food is dried, don't hang it above the stove or on the kang basket for a long time. It should be sealed to prevent soot from polluting food.
When rebuilding or building a new house, the kitchen should be separated from the living room, so that the lampblack can't directly enter the living room. At the same time, a small granary should be built to store food, so as to reduce the fluorine pollution of food during storage.
Also known as endemic fluorosis, it is a chronic systemic disease caused by long-term intake of excessive fluorine, mainly manifested as dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis.
The disease is widely distributed, and almost all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China have endemic areas except overseas.
Fluoride is widely distributed in nature and exists in the form of compounds. Fluoride in soil is easily soluble in water and easily absorbed by animals and plants.
The absorption of fluorine in intestine is related to its water solubility.
Because most of the fluorine in water is soluble, the absorption rate is often above 90%.
About 40%~80% fluorine in food is soluble, so the absorption rate is also high.
The disease is divided into two types according to the intake route. One is drinking water, which is caused by drinking water with high fluorine content for a long time. This type is widely distributed, and 90% of patients belong to this type.
The other type is coal burning, that is, the fluorine content in coal in a specific area is too high, and local residents are used to burning coal and baking food, which leads to the increase of fluorine content in indoor air and baking food, thus leading to the occurrence of the disease.
This disease is the most common in Guizhou.
Now the Ministry of Education has added endemic fluorosis to the curriculum of primary and secondary schools, so that every student can understand and applaud the prevention and treatment methods.
Composition of five-grade endemic fluorosis
Prevention of endemic fluorosis, also known as endemic fluorosis, is a chronic systemic disease caused by long-term intake of excessive fluorine, mainly manifested as dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis.
The disease is widely distributed, and almost all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China have endemic areas except overseas.
Fluoride is widely distributed in nature and exists in the form of compounds. Fluoride in soil is easily soluble in water and easily absorbed by animals and plants.
The absorption of fluorine in intestine is related to its water solubility.
Because most of the fluorine in water is soluble, the absorption rate is often above 90%.
About 40%~80% fluorine in food is soluble, so the absorption rate is also high.
The disease is divided into two types according to the intake route: one is drinking water type, which is caused by drinking water with high fluorine content for a long time and is widely distributed, and 90% of patients belong to this type; The other type is coal burning, that is, the fluorine content in coal in a specific area is too high, and local residents are used to burning coal and baking food, which leads to the increase of fluorine content in indoor air and baking food, thus leading to the occurrence of the disease.
This disease is the most common in Guizhou.
...
An article about endemic fluorosis
Prevention of endemic fluorosis, also known as endemic fluorosis, is a chronic systemic disease caused by long-term intake of excessive fluorine, mainly manifested as dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis.
The disease is widely distributed, and almost all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China have endemic areas except overseas.
Fluoride is widely distributed in nature and exists in the form of compounds. Fluoride in soil is easily soluble in water and easily absorbed by animals and plants.
The absorption of fluorine in intestine is related to its water solubility.
Because most of the fluorine in water is soluble, the absorption rate is often above 90%.
About 40%~80% fluorine in food is soluble, so the absorption rate is also high.
The disease is divided into two types according to the intake route: one is drinking water type, which is caused by drinking water with high fluorine content for a long time and is widely distributed, and 90% of patients belong to this type; The other type is coal burning, that is, the fluorine content in coal in a specific area is too high, and local residents are used to burning coal and baking food, which leads to the increase of fluorine content in indoor air and baking food, thus leading to the occurrence of the disease.
This disease is the most common in Guizhou.
1. Because endemic fluorosis in our province is caused by fluorine released from coal burning, the most effective, simple and economical preventive measure is to improve the stove to prevent indoor air and food from being polluted by fluorine.
The key to improving the stove is to install the smoke exhaust facilities such as the stove cover and chimney (pipe), which can effectively discharge the smoke to the outside.
For this reason, it is required that the furnace body is firm and does not leak smoke, the furnace rings are closely matched, the chimney extends vertically and unobstructed from the roof for more than two feet (the height of the chimney is more than 3.5 meters when it extends from the side), and the smoke pipe of the heating iron furnace must extend outward.
2. On the basis of improving the stove, change the way of drying and storing food. After harvest, corn, peppers, etc. It should be dried outdoors, dry. When it is urgent to dry in rainy days, it can be dried in the flue-cured tobacco room.
After the food is dried, don't hang it above the stove or on the kang basket for a long time. It should be sealed to prevent soot from polluting food.
When rebuilding or building a new house, the kitchen should be separated from the living room, so that the lampblack can't directly enter the living room. At the same time, a small granary should be built to store food, so as to reduce the fluorine pollution of food during storage.
3. Develop the habit of elutriation before eating food, in order to remove the fluorine attached to the food surface and reduce the body's intake of fluorine.
So we should prevent endemic fluorosis and be healthy!
A 300-word composition on endemic fluorosis
Maybe everyone is not familiar with endemic fluorosis. Let me introduce it.
Endemic fluorosis, also known as endemic fluorosis, is a chronic systemic disease caused by long-term intake of excessive fluorine, mainly manifested as dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis.
This disease is widely distributed, except overseas ... In order to reduce the fluorine pollution of food during storage, the furnace rings are closely coordinated, and the chimney protrudes more than two feet vertically from the roof without shelter (the height of the chimney is more than 3.5 meters when it protrudes from the side), and the smoke pipe of the heating iron furnace must extend outward to avoid oil fume from polluting the food.
The economic preventive measure of transformation is to improve the stove to prevent indoor air and food from being polluted by fluorine and pepper. After harvesting, they should be dried outdoors. When it is urgent to dry in rainy days, it can be dried in the flue-cured tobacco room.
After the grain is dried, don't hang it on the stove or kang basket for a long time, but also change the dry storage method of grain, corn and market! If it can help you, please adopt it! References:
There seems to be no word 1000. Endemic fluorosis is also called endemic fluorosis. It is a chronic systemic disease caused by long-term intake of excessive fluoride, which is easily absorbed by animals and plants, mainly manifested as dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis.
The disease is widely distributed: one is drinking water type.
Therefore, it is required to ensure that the stove body is firm and does not leak smoke, and at the same time build a small granary to store food to prevent endemic fluorosis.
2. On the basis of improving the cooker, the kitchen should be separated from the living room when building a new house, so that the lampblack can't directly enter the living room. I wonder if I can help you. Except overseas, all provinces in China can effectively discharge the oil fume to the outside.
The absorption of fluorine in intestine is related to its water solubility.
Because most of fluorine in water is soluble and baked food, the fluorine content in indoor air and baked food increases, which leads to illness, that is, drinking water with high fluorine content for a long time and getting sick. This type is widely distributed, and 90% of patients belong to this type. The other is burning coal, that is, the fluorine content in coal in a specific area is too high, and local residents are used to burning coal in the open air, so the absorption rate is also high.
The disease is divided into two types according to the intake route, so it is the most effective and simple, and almost all autonomous regions have endemic areas.
Fluorine is widely distributed in nature and exists in the form of compounds. Fluoride in soil is soluble in water.
1. Because endemic fluorosis in our province is caused by fluorine released from coal burning polluting food and air, the absorption rate is often above 90%.
About 40%~80% fluorine in food is soluble.
This disease is the most common in Guizhou. I wonder if I can help you.
3. Develop the habit of elutriation before eating food, in order to remove the fluorine attached to the food surface and reduce the body's intake of fluorine.
So we should prevent endemic fluorosis and be healthy! ...
A composition for preventing Kaschin-Beck disease
Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic bone disease which occurs in children and takes degeneration and necrosis of articular cartilage, epiphyseal cartilage and epiphyseal cartilage plate as the basic pathological changes.
In China, it is mainly distributed in a long and narrow mountain zone from the northeast to Tibet.
The reason is still not completely clear.
In the epidemic area, the low selenium content in soil, grain and human hair has a very obvious negative correlation with the disease.
The total amount of humic acid and humic acid (-OH) in water have obvious positive correlation with diseases.
The lack, surplus and imbalance of trace elements in drinking water in Kaschin-Beck disease area may be the factors that cause malnutrition.
In addition, the prevention of Kaschin-Beck disease by "eating grain, improving water and paying attention to hygiene" has also achieved good results.
The onset age of this disease is young, generally 3- 15 years old children, and the incidence rate of hands, feet and ankles is high.
【 Clinical manifestations 】 Typical manifestations are dwarfism, enlarged bone end, limited joint movement and pain.
The earlier the onset age, the more obvious the joint deformation and dwarfism, and the symptoms of adult patients are generally mild and often confined to the joints.
【 Imaging manifestations 】 This disease is a systemic, multifocal and chondronecrotic disease, which occurs in the process of bone development, and the damage of bones and joints will last for life. X-ray signs are summarized as follows: 1. The metaphyseal edge is fuzzy or uneven, wavy or even serrated.
If the lesion continues to develop, the irregular edge of the phalanx may break.
At this point, the joint has no obvious deformation.
2. It is characterized by the beginning of epiphysis and diaphysis fusion.
The epiphysis began to merge from the central part and gradually expanded to the edge. The epiphysis itself is also damaged, segmented and uneven, or it may be completely absorbed.
The metaphyseal end may be a cup-shaped depression with bone marrow embedded in it, which will heal early and stop development.
3. The epiphysis is completely fused, the longitudinal development of bone stops, and the diseased bone becomes shorter and thicker.
Because the metaphyseal fusion is different in the morning and evening, the phalanges may be uneven in length, and the bone ends are wide and deformed, which makes the joints thicker.
4. If the epiphyseal end heals, young people will get sick, and the clinical symptoms will be more common and serious.
The joint is damaged relative to the bone end, which can affect the whole joint. It is characterized by Kaschin-Beck disease deformity and may be accompanied by short bones.
5. A series of signs of Kaschin-Beck disease are the repair and secondary changes after cartilage necrosis.
Only after the repaired tissues, especially the bones, are changed and shaped can the lesions develop into regression, stability or deformity.
[Differential diagnosis] The occurrence and development of X-ray signs of Kaschin-Beck disease are related to the onset age and location.
Therefore, differential diagnosis should be differentiated from diseases such as chondrodysplasia, rheumatoid arthritis, traumatic or degenerative arthritis according to different conditions.
Combining epidemiological and clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of this disease is not difficult.
I wish you a speedy recovery.
Composition of iodine and high fluorine water (750 words)
China is a country with serious iodine deficiency, and iodine deficiency areas are widely distributed, almost involving the whole country; The population threatened by iodine deficiency disorders is very large, involving almost everyone in the whole society, men, women and children without exception.
The areas with the most serious iodine deficiency disorders are generally remote, with inconvenient transportation and backward economy and culture.
Moreover, iodine supplementation must be persisted for a long time, year after year, generation after generation, otherwise people living in iodine-deficient areas will suffer from iodine deficiency disorders if they don't get enough iodine for six months.
In view of the above-mentioned national conditions, in order to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders in China, we must find a convenient, economical, safe and effective iodine supplement measure, which is suitable for the needs of the whole country and all the people.
In the struggle against iodine deficiency disorders, human beings have found a way to prevent iodine deficiency disorders by eating iodized salt. Historical data prove that this method has been used for 100 years.
Scientific research and public health surveys in this century have also proved that eating iodized salt is indeed effective in preventing iodine deficiency disorders.
Since 1948, international organizations such as UNICEF, FAO, WHO and the International Committee for the Prevention and Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders have strongly supported the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders, and advocated edible iodized salt as the basic method for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders.
Developed countries still insist on eating iodized salt after eliminating iodine deficiency disorders.
Such as the United States, France, Canada, Japan and so on. Due to high cultural quality, people have a deep understanding of the harm of iodine deficiency and a strong sense of self-care.
Although these countries sell iodized salt and non-iodized salt at the same time, the market of iodine-rich foods and health products is very active at the same time, and people who eat non-iodized salt can also get the iodine they need from other ways.
The most fundamental measure to prevent iodine deficiency is iodized salt.
This is confirmed by the prevention and control work in many countries for nearly a century, and it is the best method among various iodine supplementation methods. It is not only safe, effective, economical and easy to popularize, but also meets the requirements of trace, long-term and daily life.
However, iodine is a very active substance, and the iodine in salt will be lost with the increase of storage time, resulting in less and less iodine content.
Therefore, the following matters should be paid attention to in use to ensure the maximum efficacy of iodized salt.
1, pay attention to the preservation method of iodized salt.
It is necessary to put iodized salt in a glass or ceramic jar with a cover, and put the jar in a cool place, out of direct sunlight, and try not to heat the salt.
Iodized salt is stored at high temperature, and the loss of iodine is faster than that at low room temperature.
Therefore, the preservation method of iodized salt should be scientific.
In addition, don't buy too much salt at a time, or you will spend the price of iodized salt but not eat iodine.
2. Pay attention to cooking methods.
When cooking, we are used to adding salt first, and iodine will evaporate when heated.
So try to add salt after cooking, and don't fry vegetables with hot oil and iodized salt.
Pay attention to the amount of salt you eat.
According to the standard of iodized salt in China, each person can get about 120 micrograms of iodine by eating 6 grams of salt every day, which can completely meet the physiological needs of most adults.
Pregnant or lactating women, infants and other people with special needs need more iodine than the average person.
Therefore, it is suggested that pregnant women, lactating women, infants and other people with special needs take iodized oil pills or often eat seafood such as kelp and laver, so that they can not eat more salt but also supplement appropriate amount of iodine.
Environmental pollution and protection composition
There are white clouds floating in the blue sky, which is our memory of the beautiful sky and our childhood memory.
Nowadays, we seldom see such a beautiful "sky", especially in cities or industrial areas. It's really hard to see the haze all day.
In the face of all this, you may be tempted to sigh: "Fresh, refreshing and clear breath, where have you been?" Hurry up and cure the "disease" of the atmosphere, and give me a blue sky and a red sun! We really have a lot of things to do, and the most important thing is to try to reduce the discharge of pollutants.
Smoke and dust are mainly produced by the endless combustion of coal and oil.
By improving the combustion mode, the fuel can be fully burned, and the smoke can be greatly reduced.
Try not to burn loose coal, develop coal gasification and liquefaction, and reuse the fuel containing a lot of ash and sulfur after washing.
The pollutants produced should be recycled by absorption, catalysis, adsorption and condensation, so as to turn harm into benefit and reuse.
Even pollutants entering the atmosphere, we should try our best to reduce their harm.
We should strengthen the greening of the city, plant more flowers and trees, and open up more parks and avenues.
From the point of view of preventing global warming, to control the growth of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, we should try our best to use natural gas as fuel.
If we can cancel the small chimneys of one household, provide central heating or implement power supply and heating cogeneration, we can save fuel and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
If the secondary utilization of aluminum in the world is doubled on the existing basis, the pollutants discharged into the atmosphere can be reduced by 6,543,800 tons per year.
There are more than 400 million cars in the world, ranking around 18 every year.
300 million tons of carbon dioxide
In order to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of automobiles, besides limiting the number of automobiles, saving fuel consumption and installing purification devices, cleaner fuels such as methanol and ethanol should also be tried to develop public transport vehicles and electric vehicles.
Finally, the development and utilization of clean new energy is the most fundamental way to reduce air pollution.
Such as nuclear energy, solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy and other energy sources are clean, rich in reserves and have great development prospects.
The destruction of the ozone layer is a global problem.
The United Nations Environment Assembly decided that the production of chlorofluorocarbons, the "culprit" that destroys the ozone layer, will be phased out at the end of 1995.
However, the life span of HCFCs is 50- 100 years, and150,000 tons of HCFCs have been lost to the atmosphere. So far, only a small part has destroyed the ozone layer, and most of the rest are still in action. The ozone layer will continue to be destroyed and will reach its peak in the first 10 year of the next century.
As for the complete return to normal natural level, it will take at least a century! Air pollution is caused by human activities, and finally it has to be solved by human beings themselves.
It's just time waits for no one. We'd better take resolute action from now on and take measures to purify the air and give me back my blue sky! -Take care of the environment and protect the earth. In life, environmental pollution has a constant impact on our lives.
For example, polluted air, rivers and garbage pollution have seriously damaged our living environment.
When the river is polluted, the creatures in the water can't survive, and they can't use it to water crops. People can't eat fresh food.
Similarly, if groundwater is polluted, people can't drink clean water, and people will get sick, poisoned and even die.
Therefore, no one should throw wastes that may pollute the environment into the river.
Air is the guarantee of all living things.
If the air is polluted, all living things will live in the same environment as the "gas chamber", and diseases and disasters will be the greatest enemies of mankind.
Over time, mankind will perish.
This shows how important clean air is! Garbage can be seen everywhere in life, which shows that human bad habit-littering is really serious.
Random garbage will do great harm to the environment, such as breeding germs, spreading diseases, polluting the air and rivers, and so on.
This pollution is really terrible! In order to prevent these pollutions, we must care for the environment, protect the earth and stop all acts of polluting the environment-
I write a composition of 400 words.
On Friday, Mr. Chen showed us a video about iodine deficiency.
Iodine is an indispensable rare element for human body.
In iodine-deficient areas, many people get big neck disease, which is the result of iodine deficiency.
Lack of iodine in pregnant women is likely to lead to miscarriage.
Even if children are born, they are not healthy, and most of them may even be mentally retarded.
Looking at the faces with some dementia, I looked at the front with empty eyes numb, and there was no mood fluctuation in my eyes.
I can't help feeling a little sad. God gave them bodies in life, but not souls.
Without self-care, they are like cold machines, walking dead.
Living means nothing to them.
Have ears but can't understand anything; Have eyes but can't understand anything; A mouth can't explain anything; Have brains but don't know what to think; Have a life but don't know what to pursue.
Without dreams, they always seem to be inseparable from their parents who raised them from childhood.
Finally, iodized salt was produced. These iodized salts were not distributed to areas with high iodine content, saving the lives of countless children.
We are lucky, we have pursuit and running in life, and we will learn everything as soon as we learn.
Every pair of eyes is bright, intelligent, emotional and dreamy.
The limbs are also healthy, with clear consciousness and clear thinking.
Perhaps some people will only sympathize with those who are not sound, in fact, we are more worthy of sympathy, because the brain is not used all the year round, which leads to rust.
If you want not to lose yourself on the road of life, you must first learn to chase and run in life, and your thoughts will never stop.
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