Is the visa center selected according to the location of the account or the place where the passport is issued?

Applying for a Japanese visa now doesn't depend on your domicile and passport issuing place. The visa has nothing to do with the two you mentioned. It depends on where you live now, and then you decide which territory to apply for a visa. For example, your household registration is in Hunan, which belongs to Beijing, and you are currently working in Shanghai, so you can only apply for a Japanese visa in Shanghai, and you need to provide a Shanghai residence permit (temporary residence permit is also acceptable).