Lead: Taekwondo is an injury-prone sport. You may get hurt if you are not careful when practicing. Let me introduce the principles for teenagers to prevent taekwondo injuries. Let's get to know it together!
A. common injury parts and analysis of taekwondo athletes
Ankle injury
According to the survey, the ankle injuries of Taekwondo athletes are the most serious. This is mainly determined by the anatomical structure of ankle joint and the sports characteristics of Taekwondo itself. Ankle injury is mainly due to anatomical factors such as the ankle talus is bigger in front and smaller in back, the lateral ligament is weaker than the medial ligament, and the lateral ankle tip is lower than the medial ankle tip. In training, fast attack and defense conversion and moving dodge need to change the center of gravity and moving direction quickly, which will cause excessive varus of ankle joint and damage of lateral collateral ligament. According to the characteristics of the sport, Taekwondo belongs to skill-related antagonistic events in the same field according to the nature of the sport, which is mainly manifested in skill competition and direct confrontation. When jumping and rotating, such as spin kick, swing back in the air, kick back, etc. When the foot leaves the ground, it will naturally be in a state of toe flexion and varus. If the center of gravity is unstable or the ground is uneven when landing, the anterior and lateral sides of the foot land and the body leans to one side, causing damage to the lateral collateral ligament. Taekwondo athletes should have faster moving speed, stronger muscles and tough ligaments. Therefore, under the influence of weak muscle strength, sudden overexertion, insufficient warm-up activities, venue defects and other factors, ankle injuries are inevitable.
2. Knee joint injury
Knee joint injuries include tibial ligament injury, meniscus injury, chondromalacia patellae, hamstring periarthritis and peripheral muscle strain. The injuries of knee joint are usually patellar cartilage injury and medial and lateral ligament injury. The reason is that the articular surface of patella is damaged by the friction between the articular surface of cartilage and the medial malleolus of femur during exercise, and the medial and lateral ligaments are easily pulled when the calf is abduction or supination, abduction or internal rotation. For example, in the process of side kick, when the attacking leg touches the opponent's body due to excessive force, the foot is fixed, while the calf is in abduction or supination, abduction or pronation due to the defensive function of the opponent. If the calf abducts and rotates at this time, it will cause damage to the medial collateral ligament. On the contrary, the calf is in the state of internal rotation and internal abduction, and the lateral collateral ligament is injured. For another example, in the process of spin kick, the center of gravity moves forward, with the left palm as the axis, the head drives the body to turn back to the opponent, and at the same time, the right leg is raised when the body bends, and then the leg is straightened when approaching the opponent by foot arc kick, that is, after contacting the opponent, the leg is in a semi-flexion state, while the calf is in a special position of internal rotation, internal extension, external rotation and abduction, and the attacker tries to get rid of this stalemate.
3. Other parts of the injury
Because Taekwondo is a sport with strong antagonistic strength and speed, it causes closed damage to its deep tissues due to physical contact. In Taekwondo rules, the favorable parts of hitting are the head, chest and back. Therefore, the "favorable" parts are more susceptible to blunt violence, and the lighter parts are only pain, tenderness and swelling; In severe cases, hematoma or ecchymosis may be formed due to subcutaneous hemorrhage; Some even form complex contusions, such as head contusions, which can cause brain oscillation in light cases and skull fracture or brain contusions in severe cases. However, it is rare that the project can hit the head and cause injury, but the instep is more prominent. Chest and back contusion can be combined with rib fracture or lung injury, back contusion can be combined with kidney contusion and rupture of liver and spleen, causing bleeding and shock, and dyskinesia or strong antagonism can cause muscle strain such as back.
Two. Cause of injury
1. Wrong or insufficient warm-up activities.
The purpose of warm-up activities is to improve the excitability of the central nervous system through various exercises, strengthen the coordination ability of various organ systems, overcome the functional condition of the human body, and make the human body ready to change from a relatively static state to a tense state of activity, thus shortening the adaptation process of the human body to exercise and making the formal exercise play its maximum work efficiency from the beginning. Secondly, warm-up activities are body fever, accelerated breathing and blood circulation, which reduces the viscosity of muscles and ligaments, increases the elasticity and extensibility, and increases the range of joint activities, thus reducing or avoiding the occurrence of injuries.
2. The organization methods of teaching, training and competition are unscientific.
In the process of learning difficult new movements, athletes have not yet formed the correct stereotype of movements, and they still have shortcomings and mistakes, so they have left the guidance and protection of teachers prematurely; When training together, the two lacked tacit understanding; In actual combat training, the weight grade difference is too large or the protective gear can not meet the requirements; Too much exercise before the game, unable to fully adjust fatigue and eager to participate; Too much or too fast weight loss, serious physical decline, the above phenomena can lead to sports injuries.
3. Excessive local movement
Due to the unreasonable arrangement of exercise amount, the exercise amount of a certain part greatly exceeds its physiological load, which is often an important reason for the injury in special training. For example, in a week or a week's training class, in order to develop the strength of the lower limbs, a large number of training programs such as squat, leapfrog, reverse pedal and stride are arranged, which makes the lower limbs overburdened and causes muscle and joint injuries.
4. Psychological reasons
Psychological factors have a great influence on students' training, which can be generally divided into the following psychological states: (1) Fear of injury. (2) I am bent on completing the technical movements, and my psychological pressure is great, which forms a burden, thus deforming the movements. (3) After finishing, it is influenced by the teaching environment, which leads to emotional tension and inability to concentrate.
Third, prevent sports injuries.
Strengthen the training of physical fitness and special sports skills
When physical fitness can't meet the needs of special sports skills, if you force yourself to complete some difficult kicking or explosive movements, it is easy to sprain, contusion and tear various joints and ligaments, and even lead to muscle ligament rupture in severe cases; When the athletes' special technical level can't meet the requirements of actual combat and competition, especially when the basic skills of special events are immature, some training and practical confrontation exercises beyond the athletes' own ability level will also cause the above-mentioned injury accidents, and may suffer unnecessary blows or even endanger their lives because of their low technical level. Therefore, strengthening the training of physical function and special sports skills can effectively prevent and reduce the injuries of taekwondo practitioners.
Arrange training scientifically and reasonably.
As a fierce and changeable competitive sport, tenacious struggle and perseverance are one of the essential psychological qualities of taekwondo athletes, and fear of opponents and dangers is the concrete embodiment of taekwondo spirit. In the training arrangement, especially the antagonistic exercises such as actual combat, it is necessary to arrange the exercise load step by step and scientifically, and formulate the exercise content reasonably. Fatigue training, level disparity or weight disparity are all causes of injury. It is worth noting that the knee joint and ankle joint will also be damaged to varying degrees when kicking, protecting and practicing in the air. Therefore, correct goal maintenance and standardized technical actions can also reduce injuries. In order to prevent the injury in training, we should also implement protective measures and do a good job of protection. Wear safety protection during confrontation drills, especially head protection and crotch protection.
Strengthen medical supervision
Establishing and perfecting medical supervision is one of the important measures to prevent sports injuries. In peacetime training, we should also strengthen medical supervision, monitor and check athletes' physiological and biochemical indicators and training process, and timely understand and master athletes' response to training; Such as whether the exercise load is reasonable, whether the intensity and density are appropriate, whether it is fatigue, and whether the training methods and means are effective. Especially the recovery after injury and illness, we should know something about it and provide a basis for scientific and reasonable arrangement of training and competition.
Four. conclusion and suggestion
conclusion
1. The main causes of sports injuries of young Taekwondo athletes are wrong or insufficient warm-up activities, improper teaching organization, wrong technical movements, psychological reasons, venue reasons and poor physical fitness.
2. Young Taekwondo athletes mainly suffer from common sports injuries in Taekwondo events, such as ankles, feet, calves, knees and thighs.
suggestion
1. In terms of training, Taekwondo requires athletes' strength, speed, endurance, agility and flexibility, so it is very important to strengthen the training of basic steps and techniques, that is, basic skills, and improve special physical fitness, especially the strength of waist, legs and ankles.
2. Further improve the self-management and self-training ability of China Taekwondo athletes, consciously cultivate their autonomy, popularize the common sense of training and medical supervision among athletes in time, effectively improve athletes' self-protection awareness and prevent sports injuries.
3. Take the measures of combining coach with team doctor, training and prevention, and carry out reasonable and scientific training. Improve the medical system, improve the level of team doctors, so that athletes can get timely and rapid treatment after injury.
4. Coaches should point out the cause of injury in time, put forward preventive measures, and establish athletes' health records when necessary. Under the guidance of medical work, improve the training methods and ensure the training quality as much as possible. In particular, pay attention to players' injuries at ordinary times, and treat them in a targeted and planned way.
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