General knowledge of health examination
I. Health check-up items
① General form: mainly check height, weight, poor chest circumference, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, etc. And evaluate the general situation of nutrition and morphological development. According to the standard of adult physique measurement in China.
② Internal medicine mainly examines blood pressure, cardiopulmonary auscultation, abdominal palpation, nerve reflex and other items.
③ Surgery mainly examines skin, lymph nodes, spine and limbs, anus, hernia, etc.
(4) Eye check vision, color discrimination, fundus and slit lamp to determine whether there is eye disease.
⑤ Otolaryngology examines hearing, otological diseases and nasopharyngeal diseases.
6 Stomatology includes oral diseases and dental examination.
⑦ Examination items for married women in gynecology, such as cervical curettage, secretion smear and TCT (ultra-thin cytology brush) as needed;
(8) Radiology department shall conduct chest fluoroscopy and take X-rays when necessary;
Pet-name ruby laboratory including hematuria and stool three routine, blood biochemistry (including liver function, renal function, blood sugar, blood lipid, protein, etc. ), serum immunity, hemorheology, tumor markers, hormones, trace elements and other tests;
The attending and auxiliary diagnosis department includes ECG, B-ultrasound (liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidney, prostate, uterus, accessories, heart, thyroid, carotid artery), TCD (transcranial Doppler ultrasound to judge cerebrovascular blood flow), bone mineral density and other examinations.
Second, the health examination classification
Health examination is mainly divided into induction examination, personal examination, team examination and enlistment examination; There are also premarital examinations. According to the different requirements of different industries, some industries have different requirements for human health. For example, some jobs are not suitable for people with congenital defects such as color blindness, which makes on-the-job physical examination a classification of health physical examination. Personal physical examination is generally voluntary. With the improvement of living standards, many people begin to care about their health. This kind of physical examination is called personal physical examination.
According to age, it can also be divided into physical examination for students, physical examination for young people, physical examination for middle-aged people and physical examination for the elderly.
3. What is the physical examination process of the physical examination center?
1. Determine the physical examination contents: whether it is a group physical examination or an individual physical examination, first determine the physical examination contents, and issue a form or notebook to the physical examination personnel, which lists the physical examination items of each department in detail.
2. Charge: For personal medical examination, calculate the charge amount and pay the fee according to the contents of the medical examination; For group physical examination, it is generally not settled at the charging window, and the business personnel of the physical examination center negotiate the amount and process of payment.
3. Check each department one by one: the medical examiner will check each department one by one according to the contents in the medical examination form, and the medical examiner will fill in the examination results in the medical examination form. After the physical examination of a department is completed, fill in the physical examination summary of the department;
4. General physical examination: After all physical examination departments have completed, submit the physical examination form to the general physical examination doctor, who will comprehensively evaluate the whole physical examination results and give corresponding health care suggestions.
5. Output report: for personal physical examination, send the physical examination report (the content can be complex or simple, depending on the user's needs) to the individual. Group physical examination, not only to issue a personal physical examination report, but also to summarize the results of the unit physical examination and write a summary of the unit physical examination.
Four, health examination matters needing attention
1, please make an appointment for a physical examination; Avoid alcohol the day before physical examination, limit the high-fat and high-protein diet, and avoid using drugs that affect liver and kidney function.
2. The diet should be light three to five days before the examination. Do not eat bloody food such as pig liver and pig blood. Please completely fast (including drinking water) after 0/2 o'clock the night before the examination.
3. When doing X-ray examination, you should wear cotton underwear instead of clothes and bras with metal buttons; Please take off your necklace, mobile phone, pen, keys and other metal objects. Female candidates who are pregnant or may be pregnant, please inform the health examination service staff first and have a careful X-ray examination.
4. Blood drawing and hepatobiliary ultrasound must be performed on an empty stomach; Do not urinate when doing B-ultrasound of bladder, prostate, uterus and appendix; If there is no urine, drink water until the bladder is full.
5. Female physiological period, not suitable for gynecological examination and urine test; Empty the bladder before gynecological examination; It is best to choose breast far-infrared reexamination within one week after the physiological period. Unmarried women should not have gynecological examination, and those with special needs need to sign relevant agreements (notices) before they can have corresponding examination.
Please measure your blood pressure, height and weight before the physical examination.
7, check the day need to draw blood, after abdominal ultrasound examination, before eating.
8. When there are thermal imaging items in the physical examination, you must empty your urine and urine before the examination, and you need to fast and drink water.
9. Dress requirements on the day of physical examination: wear convenient clothes, shoes and socks, and it is best not to wear necklaces. Lesbian bras should not be supported by strip steel and should not wear sequined underwear.
Five, the five taboos of health examination
1, don't draw blood too late. Physical examination and laboratory tests require fasting blood to be taken at 7:30-8:30 in the morning, no later than 9: 00. It's too late, because of the influence of physiological endocrine hormones in the body, the blood sugar value will be distorted (although it is still fasting). Therefore, candidates should draw blood as soon as possible and don't miss the time easily.
2. It is forbidden to stop taking blood before physical examination, but patients with chronic diseases should be treated differently. For example, it is necessary for hypertensive patients to take antihypertensive drugs every morning to keep their blood pressure stable. Hastily stopping taking medicine or delaying taking medicine will lead to a sharp rise in blood pressure and become dangerous. Blood pressure is measured after routine medication, and the physical examination doctor can also evaluate the antihypertensive scheme. Taking a small amount of antihypertensive drugs has a slight effect on the test and can be ignored. Therefore, patients with hypertension should come back for physical examination after taking antihypertensive drugs. Patients with diabetes or other chronic diseases should also take medicine in time after blood collection, and routine treatment should not be interfered by physical examination.
3. Don't abandon the examination items set in the physical examination form at will, including not only the basic items reflecting health status, but also some special examination items for malignant diseases and common diseases. Some tests are of special significance for the early detection of diseases. Such as anal digital examination, is particularly important for the discovery of rectal tumors in patients over 40 years old. Some subjects give up exams automatically because they are afraid of trouble or shyness. If the subject really has a lesion, it will naturally lose the best opportunity for treatment, and the consequences are self-evident.
4. Don't ignore the important medical history, especially the medical history of important diseases, which is an important reference for the medical examiner to judge the health status of the examinee, and accordingly formulate intervention measures, which has an extremely important impact on the prognosis of the disease. Some disciplines hold the psychology of "assessing" the level of physical examination doctors, and think that diseases can only be found out and cannot be said. Not knowing the result of doing so is often counterproductive. For example, before giving treatment guidance to patients with hypertension, we must understand the onset time, treatment process, medication situation and other key issues of hypertension, so as to put forward further treatment suggestions, including adding and subtracting dosage and adjusting medication varieties, so as to achieve the best treatment effect. If the examinee can't remember the name of the medicine he took, he can bring a medicine box to identify it. The medical history statement should be objective and accurate, and important diseases should not be omitted.
5. Don't underestimate the conclusion of physical examination. The conclusion of physical examination is a summary of the health status of the subjects. It is a health prescription made by doctors based on the comprehensive analysis of the physical examination results of various subjects, which has important guiding significance for correcting bad living habits and preventing diseases. Some subjects pay more attention to the process of physical examination, but ignore the conclusion of physical examination, and do not read and implement it carefully, which makes physical examination meaningless.