first generation
1978, British experts steptoe and edords customized the world's first test-tube baby, which is called the first case in the history of human medicine?
The world's first test-tube baby
Miracle. IVF (in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer) is a common name of artificial assisted pregnancy technology, which is a comprehensive technology combining embryology, endocrinology, genetics and micromanipulation, and is the most effective in the treatment of infertility. It is to put sperm and eggs in vitro to fertilize the eggs with various techniques, and then move them into the uterus after a few days of culture, so that women can conceive and have children.
The first generation of IVF technology solved the infertility caused by female factors.
second generation
From 65438 to 0992, Dr Palermo and Dr Liu Jiaen of Belgium successfully applied intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in human body for the first time, which greatly improved the success rate of IVF technology. ICSI is called the second generation IVF technology by domestic medical circles. ICSI not only improves the success rate, but also greatly expands the technical indications of IVF, which is suitable for male and female infertility. After the invention of the second generation technology, the number of test-tube babies born in the world increased rapidly, and 50 thousand test-tube babies were born in the United States every year.
The second generation of IVF technology has solved the problem of infertility caused by male factors.
third generation
With the development of molecular biology, genetic disease diagnosis (PGD) before embryo implantation has been developed and applied in clinic on the basis of artificial assisted pregnancy and micromanipulation, so that infertile couples can not only have a baby, but also have a good baby.
The breakthrough of the third generation IVF technology is revolutionary, which helps human beings to choose the healthiest offspring from the perspective of biogenetics and provides future parents with the opportunity to have healthy children.
The third generation of IVF technology can realize the principle of prenatal and postnatal care;
Because the Reproductive Medicine Center will cultivate a number of embryos in test tubes for each couple who choose IVF technology to have children, before the embryos are implanted in the mother's body, these embryos will be diagnosed according to genetic principles (this method is referred to as PGD for short), and the embryos that meet the best eugenic conditions will be implanted in the mother's body.
This kind of embryo that meets the conditions of eugenics is selected in this way: some genetic diseases of human beings, such as X-linked diseases, are selectively affected in offspring of different sexes. Take a male hemophilia patient as an example. Generally speaking, his son is normal. The probability that the daughter is normal or carries the hemophilia gene is 50/50 (hemophilia gene carriers generally do not get sick); If a hemophiliac is a woman, her son will get sick, and the probability that her daughter carries normal or hemophilia genes is 50/50. The eugenic principle of genetic diseases such as malnutrition and color blindness is the same as hemophilia. As long as we understand this genetic feature, we can detect the genes of embryonic cells cultured in vitro and choose embryos without pathogenic genes to implant into the uterus, thus avoiding the birth of children with hereditary diseases.
Many hereditary diseases of human beings can be avoided by this PGD method, such as thalassemia and congenital stupidity.