Starting from the meaning of personality and sound personality, this paper emphasizes the importance of personality education in middle school history, and illustrates with examples how to cultivate students' sound personality in middle school history class.
[Keywords:] sound personality history teaching personality education
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (WHO) once said in a report: "Health is not just the absence of physical defects and diseases, but a complete physical and mental state and social adaptability, especially a sound personality." Today, with the development and progress of society, sound personality has been paid more and more attention and advocated.
What is personality? From a psychological point of view, personality is "the sum of human characteristics such as personality, temperament and ability", from an ethical point of view, personality refers to "personal moral quality", and from a legal point of view, personality can also refer to the qualifications of people as subjects of rights and obligations. In short, personality is the sum of one's thoughts, morality, personality, temperament, life pursuit, code of conduct, specialties and advantages. "Personality education" is not only a process of cultivating individual's good character and moral behavior norms, but also a process of cultivating "people's ability as subjects of rights and obligations". The history of the development of world civilization proves that for a person's life, everything can be made up by continuing education and lifelong education in the future, but the cultivation of personality is cultivated from an early age and shaped earlier. Although the formulation of education laws in different countries is different, there is a basic educational concept that is consistent, that is, emphasizing the education of students' personality and cultivating good qualities that can contribute to national construction in line with the national spirit, and taking all this as the fundamental starting point of education.
History is a discipline to understand and explain the development process and laws of human society, which is closely related to human political, economic, cultural and social activities. It has the educational function of improving national quality and is the basic subject of humanities and social sciences. History teaching plays an important role in ordinary middle school education. The history syllabus of middle school has clearly stipulated: "Through history teaching, students can inherit the traditional virtues of human beings, initially form a correct moral outlook, outlook on life and values, form a sound personality, and have civic awareness and humanistic quality to meet the needs of social development." "History Curriculum Standards" clearly points out: "Deepen the understanding of the humanistic spirit of people-oriented, kindness to life and concern for human destiny in history. Establish a positive attitude towards life, shape a sound personality, cultivate a strong will and teamwork spirit, and enhance the ability to resist setbacks and adapt to the living environment. " It is an important function of history to cultivate students' correct emotional attitude and values and cultivate students' sound personality. "
Therefore, history teaching should attach importance to the personality education of students and guide them to form a sound personality. History teachers should establish the concepts of "students are the main body of history learning" and "history teaching should follow the law of students' physical and mental development", face up to various factors of personality education, develop and utilize all kinds of resources available for personality education around them, give full play to the role of history class as the main channel of personality education, help students complete basic knowledge and basic skills training, and promote the formation and development of their sound personality.
Based on the actual teaching experience, the author tries to illustrate how to cultivate students' sound personality in history class with examples, so as to attract more attention.
1, people-oriented, pay attention to "people" and activities.
Middle school history shows students a history of human struggle for civilization, progress, democracy and peace. In the history of heroes, blood and tears and people's struggle, "man" is always the key to everything. In the history class, we have broken through the existing textbooks' emphasis on politics and economy over humanities and technology, and appropriately enriched the image of "people" in historical development in various forms.
The teacher's language narrative constructs a "flesh and blood" master. For example, when studying the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, teachers should appropriately supplement Hong Xiuquan's life experience and changes in his thoughts, so that students can understand why Hong Xiuquan combined Western Christianity, China Confucianism and peasant egalitarianism, why the land system in China could not be realized, and why the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement failed. Take the position of characters (including class position) as a clue, and then understand why they do this, so that students can pay attention to "people" in historical development instead of mechanically reciting theories and clues.
(2) Debate, question and create complete characters. When studying the Sino-French War and the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, many students hated Li Hongzhang's policy of "avoiding war and making peace" and called him a "traitor". However, some students asked, "Although Li Hongzhang was suspected of corruption and bribery, did he really sign the treaty to satisfy his own selfish desires?" To this end, we looked up materials after class to find historical evidence, and held a debate contest in the evening self-study class. Starting from the definitions of "patriotism" and "treason", we should pay attention to Li Hongzhang's life words, enrich Li Hongzhang's image and situation in verbal confrontation, deepen our understanding of historical events, revise our comprehensive evaluation of historical figures, and cultivate our independent thinking ability.
(3) Create a script to experience the position of the role. When studying the "Preparatory Constitutionalism" in the late Qing Dynasty, guide students to examine this self-help reform from the perspectives of die-hards, constitutionalists and Cixi, understand the positions and countermeasures of historical figures in this incident, and deepen their understanding of textbooks and confuse the differences between concepts. So as to cultivate students' ability to reflect on history, analyze problems and solve problems from the standpoint of historical figures.
Through the above channels, we will constantly guide students to pay attention to the position and role of "people" in the historical development process, understand the complexity of people in a society, and at the same time complete the knowledge function of history education, so that students can establish the concept of "people-oriented", then pay attention to people's activities, self and other people's behaviors in their daily study and life, and learn to think and analyze problems from the perspective and position of others, thus shaping a good humanistic atmosphere for classes and schools.
2. Cultivate a positive attitude towards life and carry out frustration education.
The age of high school students is in the most unstable adolescence. In the current environment where various cultures are flooding the market and life, many students pretend to be deep and cool, "playing with melancholy". In the face of setbacks, they are often pessimistic and depressed, lacking the motivation to muddle along. When reality doesn't match imagination, or when they find that society is dark, they begin to lose confidence in life and society ... These phenomena worry teachers. However, empty talk to them often has little effect. After summarizing my educational behavior and experiments, I found that at this time, the "model education method" has its own unique role.
The modern history of China is a history of blood and tears of the Chinese nation, but it is also a history of people from all walks of life struggling to save themselves. In teaching, we show the indomitable perseverance of China people with rich historical facts, let students know our hardships and perseverance in the past century with scenes of historical facts, and witness the indomitable, brave and fearless Chinese nation with various historical materials. So as to move students with the power of example and infect students with the deeds of historical figures.
And all this, in order to make students have a * * * voice, we have to return the history to the students. Let them put themselves in the position of historical figures and try to figure out and imagine the mentality and alternative practices of historical figures. To this end, we can create scenes and reproduce history through film and television. You can create situations and ask questions to guide students; We can "see the big picture from the small" and start with a certain sentence and a certain phenomenon. Bo Gu on the present; You can pay attention to life history and let students investigate and understand the life experiences and feelings of their ancestors. ...
This kind of history education can make students walk through history as if they were themselves, enrich their life experience, increase their knowledge, promote reflection, establish a positive attitude towards life under the guidance of examples, cultivate a dauntless spirit that is more frustrated and brave, and inherit and carry forward the excellent tradition of the Chinese nation!
3. Cultivate students' self-confidence, self-reliance and self-improvement.
① Establish students' confidence in the process of communication between teachers and students
American writer Emerson said, "Self-confidence is the first secret of success." Accepting and believing in yourself is the premise for others to trust themselves, and it is also the only way for people to get happiness. In the process of communication between teachers and students, teachers should use a pair of eyes that are good at discovering beauty to tap the bright spots in students, encourage students to trust themselves with encouragement and appreciation, infect students with pride and pride, guide students to be confident life masters with details, and give students positive information in time.
While paying attention to the feedback information, teachers should also consciously summarize and study the teaching behavior. When, in what way and to what extent should different types of students be praised and encouraged? How to combine praise and criticism to stimulate students' development on the basis of building their self-confidence? How to combine process evaluation with summative evaluation and formative evaluation to promote students' all-round development and the formation of sound personality? So as to further adjust the information feedback mode in the next step.
In short, in the process of communication between teachers and students, we should pay attention to the concern for "people" and build a diversified, diversified, scientific and standardized evaluation system, so as to promote the development of students' sound personality and help teachers' growth and development.
② Cultivate students' self-reliance ability in the process of knowledge construction.
Self-reliance refers to the personality trait that the personality subject does not depend on others and achieves success by his own ability and behavior.
Middle school students are in a turbulent period when their world outlook, outlook on life and values have not yet been finalized, and their dependence on teachers and parents is still strong. At this time, teachers should consciously guide students to make independent judgments and decisions in the process of knowledge construction.
For example, when studying the significance of Zunyi Conference, teachers can ask: "There are similar standards for the maturity of political parties and the maturity of the people. What do students think is a mature person? " So as to guide students to think that a mature person, like a political party, should be able to judge, make decisions and act independently, that is, stand on its own feet. In the teaching of other knowledge points, teachers can also consciously set a dilemma (for example, when negotiating in Chongqing, "Mao Zedong and others will go ... if they don't go, how can they choose?" Controversial issues (such as: Is the Revolution of 1911 a success or a failure? Think about problems (such as how to evaluate the Westernization Movement? To cultivate students' independent thinking ability, we must first stand on our own feet in thinking, and then be independent, judge and distinguish in our later life and work.
③ Let students fly their dreams in their study and practice.
People are great because they have dreams. People are enriched by dreams. People are full of fighting spirit because of dreams.
A person who has no dreams is often a person who lacks motivation. According to the author's understanding of students in recent years, the root of most underachievers' unsatisfactory academic performance lies in their lack of motivation and dreams. Therefore, in fact, our education should also have a task that cannot be ignored-let students listen to their inner voices and discover and pursue their dreams.
In the United States, many middle school students learn to combine their interests, hobbies, specialties and personalities to help students conduct "ideal career analysis", and also remind students of what fields of knowledge and ability they need to get this position.
The key to the analysis is not whether this result really predicts students' future, but that it can encourage students to find what they want in combination with their own characteristics and interests, and then tap their inner dreams.
In fact, students can be encouraged to reflect through lectures, questionnaires, speeches, compositions, discussions, etc., so that students can experience and even read biographies in the process of participating in practice, so as to achieve the role of example encouragement and reference, and let students know themselves and explore themselves.
(4) draw inferences from one another.
As educators, we hope that the virtues possessed by students should first be reflected in teachers: self-confidence, diligence, patience, punctuality, honesty, clear thinking, perseverance, seriousness, reliability, tolerance and so on. Teachers' words and deeds, gestures and gestures will be observed by careful students, which will have a subtle influence on students.
Therefore, to cultivate students' sound personality, teachers should first be able to look at themselves objectively, strive for self-growth, establish a harmonious relationship with others, master good abilities, knowledge and skills, have compassion, have a unified outlook on life, and have their own dreams and put them into practice. (Refer to Albert's six standards of personality health. )
In particular, we should bring our loyalty to life, love of work and pursuit of dreams to the classroom, which runs through our words and deeds, so that students can experience that kind of vitality and happiness in a virtuous circle of mutual infection and mutual affirmation, enhance their self-confidence, and meet the growth process positively, optimistically and tirelessly.
The competition in 2 1 century is the competition of science and technology, and the competition of talents is ultimately the competition of education. The development of society puts forward higher and newer requirements for both students and teachers. As a strong basic discipline of humanities and social sciences-history, how to better adapt to the current new educational development situation, I think that only by paying attention to people's development, paying attention to students' physical and mental health, respecting everyone, improving students' frustration tolerance, cultivating students' self-confident and self-reliant personality characteristics, striving to improve the comprehensive quality of history teachers and helping students form a sound and independent personality, can our history teaching really get out of the trough and predicament and finally play its unique and important educational function.
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