Knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control law 1. Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases.
Article 39 of the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases stipulates:
Article 39 When a medical institution discovers a Class A infectious disease, it shall take the following measures in time:
(a) isolation treatment of patients and pathogen carriers, and the isolation period shall be determined according to the results of medical examination;
(two) for suspected patients, isolation treatment in designated places before diagnosis;
(3) Carry out medical observation and take other necessary preventive measures on patients, pathogen carriers and close contacts of suspected patients in medical institutions at designated places.
The public security organ may assist medical institutions to take compulsory isolation treatment measures if they refuse isolation treatment or leave isolation treatment without authorization before the expiration of isolation period.
Medical institutions should take necessary treatment and control measures according to the condition when they find patients with Class B and Class C infectious diseases.
Medical institutions must, in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations, disinfect and dispose of places, articles and medical wastes contaminated by infectious disease pathogens in their own units.
2. Knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control
First, infection
The key to effectively suppress the epidemic of infectious diseases lies in cutting off the transmission chain of infectious diseases: controlling the source of infection, cutting off the transmission route and protecting the susceptible population. To this end, we must do:
1, develop good hygiene habits and pay attention to personal hygiene, food hygiene and environmental hygiene.
2. Strengthen physical exercise and improve immunity.
3. Vaccinate according to regulations.
4. Early detection, early reporting, early treatment and early isolation of infectious patients to prevent cross-infection.
Second, infectious diseases are high every season.
spring
Epidemic infectious diseases mainly include: epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, measles, chickenpox, mumps, scarlet fever, rubella, influenza and other respiratory infectious diseases; Viral hepatitis A; Hand-foot-mouth syndrome caused by contact transmission.
Prevention and treatment methods: Indoor ventilation, fumigation with vinegar and disinfectant, frequent bask in the quilt, timely vaccination, good spring outing, and don't go to hidden places.
summer
It is a high incidence period of intestinal infectious diseases, mainly including: bacterial food poisoning, bacterial dysentery, amebic dysentery, viral enteritis, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis and so on.
Prevention and control methods: strictly control food procurement, double insurance for tableware disinfection, pay attention to personal hygiene, eat raw and cold vegetables, peel melons and fruits before eating, reduce large family banquets, clean mosquitoes and flies indoors, and ensure adequate nutrition and sleep.
autumn
Located between summer and winter, seasonal infectious diseases in Xia Dong may occur in autumn. In addition, polio often occurs in autumn.
winter
Affected by climate and population movement (Spring Festival travel rush peak), it is prone to local outbreaks of respiratory infectious diseases. Common respiratory infectious diseases in winter are: common cold, flu, measles, chickenpox, rubella, mumps, meningitis and so on. It is mainly spread by droplets in the air.
Prevention and treatment methods: Vaccinate on time, pay attention to changing clothes and strengthen physical exercise.
3. Tips on how to prevent infectious diseases
Wash your hands frequently. Did you know that microorganisms can live on inert surfaces for several minutes to several months? Imagine that these pathogenic microorganisms can live on computer keyboards, electrical switches and even sidewalks! Surprisingly, most people don't know that effective hand washing is the best preventive measure. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that you wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water, and then dry them with paper towels. Where there is no running water, alcohol-based gel can meet the requirements of hand washing, although it is not as good as soap and water.
2. Don't * * enjoy personal belongings. Toothbrushes, towels, razors, handkerchiefs and nail clippers are all possible sources of infection (bacteria, viruses and fungi). In kindergarten, children are usually taught to enjoy toys, but learn to control their hands. Try to remember not to share your personal belongings with others.
3. Cover your mouth when coughing and sneezing. In the same spirit, good personal hygiene habits include not only personal cleanliness, but also the traditional practice of covering your mouth when coughing and sneezing. Why is this important when you are not sick? Because for most infections, pathogenic microorganisms begin to grow and divide long before symptoms appear. Coughing or sneezing can spread these bacteria through the air. It is recommended to cover your mouth with your arms and sleeves instead of your hands.
4. Inject flu vaccine. The human immune system is designed to "remember" previous infections. When the body encounters microorganisms that caused infection before, it will increase the production of white blood cells and antibodies to prevent secondary infection. Therefore, by vaccination, we can deceive the body and make it think that it has been infected with a certain microorganism, thus improving its ability to defend against infectious diseases.
5. Use safe cooking methods. Poor food preparation and eating habits are often the causes of food-borne diseases. In fact, microorganisms like all foods, especially those kept at room temperature. Refrigeration can slow down or prevent the growth of most microorganisms. Prepare separate chopping boards for cooked food and raw food, and make sure to wash all fruits and vegetables before eating.
6. Be a smart traveler. It is easy to catch infectious diseases on the road, especially when traveling in underdeveloped areas. If you are in doubt about the water in the tourist destination, please be sure to prepare a safe water source, such as bottled water for drinking and brushing your teeth. Eat cooked food and avoid eating fruits and vegetables raw. It is recommended to update all immunizations according to the tourist destination.
7. Safe sex. Sexually transmitted diseases are probably the most easily preventable infectious diseases. Using safe sex wisely (using condoms) can prevent infectious bacteria or viruses from spreading from one person to another.
8. Don't pick your nose (or mouth and eyes). It is not only a social taboo, but also leads to the spread of various diseases. Looking around, you will find many people put their hands on their faces. Many microorganisms like the warm and humid environment of the nose and the mucous membrane covering the eyes and mouth. Avoiding contact with these areas can easily prevent infectious diseases.
9. Be careful of animals. Diseases transmitted by animals to people are called "animal infectious diseases", which are more common and common than people know. If you have pets, you should make sure that they are regularly checked and vaccinated with the latest vaccines.
10, watch the news. A full understanding of current events can help you make wise decisions about travel and other recreational activities. For example, the bird flu that once happened in Asia deserves your attention.
4. Infectious disease prevention knowledge
Measures to Prevent Infectious Diseases The purpose of preventing infectious diseases is to control and eliminate infectious diseases, protect people's health, ensure social stability and promote national modernization.
In view of the three basic links in the epidemic of infectious diseases, we should conscientiously implement the prevention policy based on comprehensive epidemic prevention measures. The main preventive measures are as follows: (1) source management 1. The management of patients and pathogen carriers requires early detection, early diagnosis, early isolation and active treatment of patients.
1978, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Management of Acute Infectious Diseases, and on February 26th, 65438, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) officially passed the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in People's Republic of China (PRC), which came into effect on September 1 of the same year. Infectious diseases stipulated in the Prevention and Control Law are divided into three categories: A, B and C.
Infectious diseases reported to health and epidemic prevention institutions are called legal infectious diseases. Class A: Plague and cholera.
Class B: viral hepatitis, bacterial and amoebic dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid fever, AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, polio, measles, whooping cough, diphtheria, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, scarlet fever, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, rabies, leptospirosis, brucellosis, anthrax, epidemic and endemic typhoid fever, epidemic encephalitis, leishmaniasis, malaria and dengue fever. Class C: tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, filariasis, echinococcosis, leprosy, influenza, mumps, rubella, neonatal tetanus, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, infectious diarrhea except cholera, dysentery, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever.
Our army also stipulated in 1979 that bacterial food poisoning and acute enteritis should be reported in the monthly epidemic report. The epidemic situation of infectious diseases should be reported quickly.
Class A infectious diseases require cities to report to health and epidemic prevention institutions within 6 hours, and rural areas should not exceed 12 hours; Class B infectious diseases require the city to be within 12 hours; Rural areas shall not exceed 24 hours. Health and epidemic prevention personnel and medical and health care personnel shall not conceal or lie about the epidemic situation, or instruct others to conceal or lie about the epidemic situation.
Management and necessary treatment of pathogen carriers. In particular, food producers, suppliers, chefs and nurses are regularly inspected for bacteria, so that they can be found, treated and replaced in time.
Medical observation, observation and collective quarantine shall be carried out on the contacts of infectious diseases, and immunization or drug prevention shall be carried out when necessary. 2. Management and treatment of infected animals The source of animal infection, wild animals and livestock with economic value should be isolated, slaughtered and disinfected when necessary, and wild animals with no economic value should be killed by the masses.
(2) Cut off the route of transmission According to the different routes of transmission of infectious diseases, different epidemic prevention measures should be taken. Bedside isolation of intestinal infectious diseases, disinfection of vomit and diarrhea, strengthening food hygiene and personal hygiene, and managing water sources and feces.
For respiratory infectious diseases, indoor ventilation, air circulation and air disinfection should be done well, and individuals should wear masks. Insect-borne infectious diseases should be equipped with pest control equipment, and drugs should be used to kill insects, insects and insects.
(3) Protect susceptible population, improve population resistance, focus on planned immunization, and improve population-specific immunity. Artificial active immunization vaccinates susceptible people with vaccines, vaccines and toxoids in a planned way. After vaccination, the epidemic appeared within 1-4 weeks, lasting for several months to several years.
Artificial passive immunization is to inject antiviral serum, gamma globulin, placental globulin and high-efficiency immunoglobulin in urgent need. Immunity appeared rapidly after injection, and it failed after maintaining 1~2 months.
5. Common sense of infectious disease prevention and control
Try to go to crowded public places as little as possible! Strengthen exercise and improve immunity! Besides, you should also know the following knowledge! Preventive measures of infectious diseases can be divided into general preventive measures when the epidemic situation has not occurred and epidemic prevention measures after the epidemic situation has occurred.
I. General preventive measures General preventive measures when infectious diseases do not occur mainly include: strengthening the management of the external environment where pathogens may exist (such as "three controls and one extermination"); Do a good job in planned immunization to protect susceptible people; Through the regular health examination of key populations (such as the regular health examination of employees in kindergartens, restaurants, drinking water and service industries), the pathogen carriers can be found in time; Carry out health education and so on. In the disaster area, due to the destruction of sanitary facilities, poor environmental sanitation conditions, difficult supply of living materials, the decline of residents' physical resistance, the probability of occurrence and epidemic of various infectious diseases has greatly increased, and general preventive measures should be strengthened. To sum up, there are the following key tasks.
1, strengthen leadership and formulate disaster relief and disease prevention plans. Health and epidemic prevention institutions at all levels should be good staff officers, formulate feasible disaster relief and disease prevention plans according to the local disaster situation at that time, quickly restore and strengthen the three-level health and epidemic prevention network, and carry out various epidemic prevention work under the leadership of * * *.
2. Do a good job in health education. Make use of various propaganda tools and take various forms to do a good job in disaster relief and disease prevention health education, so that the knowledge of disaster relief and disease prevention is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, fully mobilize the masses, and actively participate in various disaster relief and disease prevention work.
3, add * * * health supervision. Strengthen the management and supervision of drinking water hygiene and food hygiene, thoroughly clean up the environment, especially deal with environmental pollutants such as feces, garbage and dirt, and carry out disinfection, insecticidal and rodent control work in an organized manner.
4. Protect vulnerable groups. Vaccinate residents in disaster areas in a targeted manner and strengthen the protection of key populations.
5, strengthen the disease clinical detection system, to ensure the smooth flow of information.
6.200-word essay on common sense of disease prevention
Common respiratory infectious diseases in winter include common cold, influenza, measles, chickenpox, rubella and mumps. It is mainly spread by droplets in the air. Prevention and treatment of respiratory infectious diseases should pay attention to the following matters:
1, to avoid catching a cold. When the human body catches cold, the blood vessels in the respiratory tract contract, the blood supply decreases, the local resistance decreases, and the virus is easy to invade.
2. Purify the environment and keep the indoor air fresh. Open the window regularly for ventilation, keep the air circulating and let the sun shine through the room; You can also fumigate the room with vinegar.
3. Pay attention to the law of life and ensure adequate sleep. Adequate sleep can eliminate fatigue, regulate various functions of the human body and enhance immunity.
4. increase nutrition. Supplement nutrition and appropriately increase the intake of water and vitamins.
5, strengthen exercise, enhance physical fitness. Physical exercise can enhance blood circulation and improve immunity.
6. Pay attention to hygiene. Strengthen personal hygiene and personal protection.
7. Immune prevention. Before the epidemic season, you can carry out corresponding vaccination, such as influenza, pneumonia, measles, meningitis and other vaccines.
8. Early detection and early treatment. When you have respiratory symptoms, you should seek medical advice in time, avoid taking things seriously, and don't take medicine at will.
7. Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases There are several kinds of infectious diseases.
At present, there are 39 legal infectious diseases.
Class A infectious diseases (2 kinds): plague and cholera; Class b infectious diseases (26 species): influenza a H 1N 1 (newly added), infectious atypical pneumonia, AIDS, viral hepatitis, polio, human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza, measles, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, rabies, Japanese encephalitis, dengue fever, anthrax, bacterial and amebic dysentery, tuberculosis, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever. Kloc-0/, new hand, foot and mouth disease): influenza, mumps, rubella, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, leprosy, epidemic and endemic typhus, kala-azar, echinococcosis, filariasis, infectious diarrhea and hand, foot and mouth disease except cholera, bacterial and amebic dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid.
8. Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases There are several kinds of infectious diseases.
At present, there are 39 legal infectious diseases.
Class A infectious diseases (2 kinds): plague and cholera; Class b infectious diseases (26 species): influenza a H 1N 1 (newly added), infectious atypical pneumonia, AIDS, viral hepatitis, polio, human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza, measles, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, rabies, Japanese encephalitis, dengue fever, anthrax, bacterial and amebic dysentery, tuberculosis, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever. Kloc-0/, new hand, foot and mouth disease): influenza, mumps, rubella, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, leprosy, epidemic and endemic typhus, kala-azar, echinococcosis, filariasis, infectious diarrhea and hand, foot and mouth disease except cholera, bacterial and amebic dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid.