Analysis:
I don't know if you are asking about aesthetic physical examination or college entrance examination. School physical examination? Unit physical examination? Or do you want to do a detailed physical examination yourself? This one below is the last one.
General physical examination items
Height, weight, blood pressure
Internal medicine system examination: heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney and intestine.
Surgical system examination: skull, neck, superficial lymph nodes, thyroid, chest, abdomen, spine and limbs, kidney, * * *, external genitalia.
Ophthalmic examination: vision, eyelid conjunctiva, bulbar conjunctiva, sclera, cornea and fundus.
Otolaryngology examination: auricle, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, mastoid process, nasal vestibule, nasal septum, upper, middle and lower nasal meatus, upper, middle and lower turbinates, sinus, pharyngeal isthmus, tonsils, posterior pharyngeal wall, epiglottis and larynx.
Dental examination: oral mucosa, tongue, palate, teeth, periodontal tissue, glands and jaw.
Gynecological physical examination: * * *, vulva, uterus and accessories
Color ultrasound room: color echocardiography, abdominal B-ultrasound: liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and kidney, pelvic cavity: male (including bladder, ureter and prostate), female (including uterus, appendix and bladder).
Electrocardiogram, radiology: chest mass
Laboratory: Blood type, blood routine (white blood cell count, eosinophil count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin content, hematocrit, average red blood cell volume, average red blood cell hemoglobin content, average red blood cell hemoglobin concentration, lymphocyte percentage, granulocyte percentage, lymphocyte absolute value, platelet count, platelet distribution width, etc. ), urine routine (specific gravity, pH, white blood cell count, nitrite, etc. ) urine sugar, urine ketone body, urine bilirubin, hemoglobin qualitative, urine urobilinogen), fecal occult blood, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, blood sugar, liver function (GPT, GOT), renal function (Cr, BUN), hepatitis B five (two and a half), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and Helicobacter pylori.
Pathology department: cervical curettage (cancer prevention examination)
▲ purpose of medical examination
Weight, blood pressure, pulse, height, weight, etc. Understand the function, height and basic health care index of heart and blood vessels through pulse blood pressure.
Blood routine: Through hemoglobin, average red blood cell volume and platelets, we can know whether there are iron deficiency anemia and white blood cells, and exclude blood tumors (leukemia), inflammation and platelets.
Urine routine: exclude nephritis by urine specific gravity, urine protein and occult blood. And a preliminary understanding of renal function, understand that urine sugar can eliminate diabetes, dredge urinary bile components, and help diagnose jaundice, cholangitis, hemolysis and eliminate urethritis through urine white blood cells.
Routine stool: know whether there is gastrointestinal bleeding, understand the intestinal situation, and rule out constipation and enteritis.
Fecal egg collection: Ascaris lumbricoides, Clonorchis sinensis, hookworm and other infections. Eliminate by collecting dung eggs and guide insect repellent.
Liver function: We can know whether there are hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, advanced liver cancer and other diseases through the changes of transaminase, and we can know hepatobiliary obstruction, acute hemolytic diseases and general nutritional status through total bilirubin.
Renal function: know whether there is nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and uremia through BUN, diabetes through blood sugar, blood lipid through cholesterol, gout through uric acid, and guide diet in time.
Urine red blood cell morphology: Through the change of red blood cell morphology in fresh urine, we can understand hematuria and reveal nephritis, and its value can better reflect renal diseases than urine routine and occult blood.
HbsAg: Know whether you are infected with hepatitis B virus, so that you can get hepatitis B vaccine in the future.
Two halves of hepatitis B: Whether there are big three-positive and small three-positive cases that pass the examination of hepatitis B antigen and antibody reflects that hepatitis B virus is in the recovery period after replication, highly contagious or at a low level, or the virus basically stops or is infected.
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP): Through AFP value, it can be used as screening for early liver cancer.
Etiology of hepatitis: Through further classification of the etiology of hepatitis, it is clear whether there are hepatitis A, hepatitis C, hepatitis E, hepatitis D and hepatitis G infections, so as to guide the treatment of all kinds of hepatitis.
Analysis of blood lipids: Through the determination of blood lipids, we can know the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein in the body, so as to further guide daily diet and treatment, reduce the occurrence of coronary heart disease and arteriosclerosis, and reduce the further evolution of hypertension.
Biochemical combination of diabetes and urine: Through the analysis of biochemical combination of diabetes and urine, we can know the blood sugar level and the rise or fall of blood sugar after diabetes treatment in time, and understand the status of liver function, renal function and blood lipid.
Blood sugar: a preliminary screening for diabetes.
Epstein-Barr virus coat antibody VCA-IgA: Preliminary screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by VCA-IgA examination.
CEA detection of carcinoembryonic antigen: CEA detection is used for screening digestive tract cancer.
PSA Determination of Male Prostate Specific Antigen: Collaborative Screening for Prostate Cancer
▲ Women should have a complete health check-up.
The doctor reminded that over 35 years old, men and women should have a physical examination every year. But how to do the inspection is complete? What should the project include? The following points are for your reference. If you or your family have the following symptoms, you should have a health check-up once a year:
Carriers of hepatitis B or hepatitis C; Family members have cancer patients; People who often smoke, drink and socialize; Carnivores; High work pressure or working more than 10 hours a day; Weight exceeds the standard weight, especially more than 20%; The conversion method of ideal weight: male (height minus 80) multiplied by 0.7; Female (height minus 70) times 0.6. Living or working in an environmentally polluted area for a long time; Women over the age of 20 can't ignore the monthly self-examination and go to the hospital for a doctor's consultation every year;
It is understood that the health check-up items set by hospitals are similar. General basic screening items include: general examination, that is, height, weight, blood pressure, pulse, liver function, blood lipid screening, blood sugar determination, urine and stool examination, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, B-ultrasound, etc. If we aim at the elderly again. You also need to add gastroscope, abdominal B-ultrasound, spinal X-ray and so on. In fact, many "geriatric diseases" are younger now, and it seems that no disease is the patent of the elderly. Age of cerebrovascular disease, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, etc. It is declining, so the prevention of adult diseases should start as soon as possible, because the rejuvenation of "geriatric diseases" is mostly caused by unhealthy lifestyles.
▲ Necessary items for women's health examination
Women are getting more and more uncomfortable after 30 years old, so doctors suggest that they have a physical examination once a year. But do you know what to check? Listen to the advice of the consultant doctor on our medical website!
Regular evaluation is very important for the prevention and early detection of diseases. The annual gynecological examination should include hepatitis, diabetes, HIV and whether the urine and urine are normal. Women of different ages also have different needs.
Women over 45 should have a quick blood sugar test every three years to see if they have diabetes.
People who have received organ transplantation or blood transfusion before 1992, as well as women who have injected drugs through syringes, are more likely to be infected with hepatitis B and hepatitis C, and should be tested for viruses regularly.
Women who travel abroad, inject illegal drugs and engage in the nursing industry must be vaccinated against hepatitis C. This is because most women infected with hepatitis C do not know it themselves, so they may transmit the virus to their babies. Hepatitis C can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, liver cancer and death.
Women who plan to get pregnant must also be tested for HIV.
Young people who have begun to have sex and those who are prone to sexually transmitted diseases should also be regularly checked for gonorrhea and chlamydia. Girls from 13 to 15 can also start preventive gynecological examination.
From 18 years old or having sex, all girls have to have a uterine biopsy every year, and women over 40 have a fluoroscopy every two years, and once a year when they are 50 years old.
Cervical cancer patients belong to the high-risk group of HIV infection, so HIV testing is necessary.
▲ Physical examination should check blood viscosity.
When retired workers have a physical examination or the elderly go to the hospital, doctors often take blood viscosity measurement as a mandatory blood test. Because blood viscosity is an important index reflecting the nature of blood flow.
A large number of data prove that many serious diseases that endanger human health, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, tumor, pulmonary heart disease, liver and kidney and other chronic diseases, are related to the increase of blood viscosity. Therefore, the detection of blood viscosity has certain reference value for the diagnosis, curative effect observation or prevention of these diseases.
Experts point out that with the increase of age, the elasticity of blood vessel wall in the elderly gradually weakens and narrows. When the aggregation and deformability of red blood cells, hematocrit, the size and shape of red blood cells and the contents of fibrinogen and triglyceride in plasma change, the blood viscosity will increase. Improper diet, hyperlipidemia, obesity or the use of certain drugs can also be one of the factors affecting the increase of blood viscosity. There are also factors such as mood, alcohol and tobacco addiction, inflammation, trauma, weather, time and exercise that will also affect blood viscosity. It can be seen that it is best for the elderly to measure blood viscosity during health examination.
For some elderly people who often feel dizzy after getting up in the morning, feel chest tightness and shortness of breath when squatting down to work, feel sleepy after lunch, and suddenly have blurred vision, diplopia, fatigue, forgetfulness, hearing impairment, nausea and vomiting, ataxia and other early signs of increased blood viscosity, we should consider checking the increase of blood viscosity when seeing a doctor and taking necessary preventive measures as soon as possible.
To cope with the increase of blood viscosity, we should first pay attention to self-care. In addition to comprehensive health care measures such as drinking more boiled water, reasonably adjusting diet, moderate physical activity and maintaining optimism, patients can also take lipid-lowering drugs under the guidance of doctors. If the blood viscosity increases and there is a possibility of thrombosis, anticoagulants and drugs that reduce blood viscosity should be selected.
▲ Necessary physical examination for the elderly
1. Weight measurement: Obesity will increase the burden on the heart and easily induce cardiovascular diseases. Being too thin can lead to diseases such as decreased resistance and immune function.
2. Blood pressure measurement: Pay attention to whether blood pressure is high or low.
3. Urine test: timely detection of kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease.
4. Electrocardiogram: timely detection of coronary heart disease and arrhythmia.
5. Check the fundus: The fundus artery can reflect the degree of cerebral arteriosclerosis. Diseases such as senile cataract and primary glaucoma can be found early through fundus examination.
6. chest x-ray: lung diseases can be found early, especially smokers.
7. Determination of 7.AFP: Liver cancer can be found early, especially in patients with chronic liver disease.
8. fecal occult blood test: digestive tract diseases and cancer can be found early.
9.* * * Finger examination: It helps to find diseases such as rectal cancer, prostate cancer and prostatic hypertrophy.
Regular physical examination of the elderly should be done at least once every six months, and attention should be paid to making physical examination records and keeping the test sheets. Routine examination items (such as weight, blood pressure, urine test, electrocardiogram, fundus examination, etc.). If possible, you should check it once a quarter in order to find the disease as soon as possible and understand the treatment situation and trend of the disease you have already suffered.
▲ Don't drop these six items of physical examination for middle-aged people.
First, blood pressure measurement This is an item that must be checked. Blood pressure 1 time a year after the age of 40, hypertension is easy to be found, which is conducive to early treatment and nip in the bud.
Second, the purpose of blood lipid testing is to check whether you have hyperlipidemia. Therefore, after entering middle age, the annual blood lipid examination of 1 can not be ignored.
Third, the older the cancer examiner is, the greater the possibility of exposure to carcinogens and the greater the possibility of cancer. According to some data, the cancer mortality rate in the age group of 35-50 has been ranked as 1 of the mortality rate of various diseases in this age group.
Fourth, fundus examination Many diseases can be found in time through fundus examination. For example, retinal arteriosclerosis, we can know that systemic arteriosclerosis has reached the level of cerebral arteriosclerosis. Middle-aged people should have their eyes examined 1 time every year. For those who have blurred vision and headache recently, it is necessary to check the fundus.
5. Detection of alpha-fetoprotein The accuracy of detecting alpha-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of early primary liver cancer is 80% ~ 90%. Primary liver cancer is more common in middle-aged people, so 1 metafetoprotein should be detected every year after 40 years old. Those who are currently suffering from hepatitis B or have ever suffered from hepatitis B should be tested 1 time every six months.
Six, prostate examination to middle age, because the prostate began to decline, connective tissue hyperplasia, there will be different degrees of degradation, and even malignant lesions, middle-aged men should pay special attention.
▲ Expert advice: do glaucoma screening during physical examination.
According to Zhao Jialiang, chairman of the Ophthalmology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, the survey results for many years show that there are at least 5 million glaucoma patients in China, of whom 790,000 are blind.
Glaucoma is an eye disease with optic atrophy and visual field defect caused by elevated intraocular pressure, which is an important cause of visual dysfunction and blindness all over the world. Generally speaking, its prevalence rate is 0.2 1% to 1.64%. After investigation in Shunyi District, Beijing, experts found that the prevalence of this kind of eye disease increased with age. Among people over 50 years old, at least 2 out of every 100 people were glaucoma patients.
Zhao Jialiang said that the damage of glaucoma to vision is irreversible, but it can be completely prevented. As long as early detection and treatment, most patients can maintain useful visual function for life. Unfortunately, many people know little about the harm of glaucoma, and even if they get sick, they don't actively treat it, which delays the best treatment opportunity.
Zhao Jialiang, a professor at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, believes that after decades of practice, ophthalmologists in China have developed a set of mature methods for early diagnosis of various types of glaucoma. He suggested that people over the age of 40 should regularly measure intraocular pressure and check their eyes, and incorporate glaucoma screening into physical examination items to form a standardized eye care system.
Zqyy/Healthy Ancient Literature/Health Examination Office