1. Classification according to remote sensing platform
Ground remote sensing: The sensor is set on the ground platform, such as vehicles, ships, portable, fixed or mobile elevated platforms, etc.
Aerial remote sensing: Sensors are installed on airplanes, mainly airplanes and balloons.
Space remote sensing: Sensors are installed on spacecraft orbiting the earth, such as artificial earth satellites, space shuttles, space stations and rockets.
Space remote sensing: The sensor installed on the starship refers to the detection of targets outside earth-moon system.
2. Classification according to the detection band of the sensor.
Ultraviolet remote sensing: The detection band of the sensor is between 0.05 and 0.38 μ m..
Visible light remote sensing: the detection band of sensors is between 0.38 and 0.76 micron, such as cameras, scanners, video cameras, etc.
Infrared remote sensing: the detection band of sensors is between 0.76 ~ 1000μ m, such as cameras and scanners.
Microwave remote sensing: The detection band of sensors is between 1mm and 10m, such as scanners, microwave radiometers, radars and altimeters.
The common multi-band remote sensing means that the detection band is in the range of visible light band and infrared band, and then it is divided into several narrow bands for synchronous detection, and multiple images of the target in different bands are obtained at the same time. At present, multispectral remote sensing sensors are multispectral cameras, multispectral scanners and anti-beam collimator cameras.
3. Classification according to working methods
Active remote sensing: the detector actively emits certain electromagnetic wave energy and receives the backscattered signal of the target (Figure 1- 1a).
Passive remote sensing: The sensor does not emit electromagnetic waves to the target, but passively receives the self-emission of the target and the reflected energy of natural radiation sources (Figure 1- 1b, c).
4. Classification by remote sensing data acquisition methods.
Imaging remote sensing: converting the detected electromagnetic radiation of the target into remote sensing data that can be displayed as images, such as aerial photos and satellite images.
Non-imaging remote sensing: output or record the received electromagnetic radiation data of the target on magnetic tape without generating images.
Figure 1- 1 active remote sensing (a) and passive remote sensing (b, c)
5. Classification according to bandwidth and spectrum continuity.
Hyperspectral remote sensing: using many narrow electromagnetic wave bands (bandwidth is usually less than 10nm) to generate image data with continuous spectrum. At present, the wave width of all imaging hyperspectral instruments is 9 ~ 10 nm, and the wave band for detecting the reflected energy of the surface exceeds 128. For example, the AIS hyperspectral sensor has 128 bands, and the 9.6nmAVIRIS hyperspectral sensor has 224 bands with a band width of 10nm.
Conventional remote sensing: also known as broadband remote sensing, the bandwidth is generally greater than 100nm, and the band is discontinuous in spectrum. It can be divided into outer space remote sensing, atmospheric remote sensing, land remote sensing and ocean remote sensing.
6. Classification according to the application fields of remote sensing
From the specific application fields, it can be divided into resource remote sensing, environmental remote sensing, agricultural remote sensing, forestry remote sensing, fishery remote sensing, geological remote sensing, meteorological remote sensing, hydrological remote sensing, urban remote sensing, engineering remote sensing, disaster remote sensing and military remote sensing.