(1) Normal body temperature
The normal value of body temperature is a range
The oral sublingual temperature is 37.0 (ranging from 36.3 to 37.2), the rectal temperature is 36.5 to 37.7 (0.3 to 0.5 higher than the oral temperature), and the axillary temperature is 36.0 to 37.0 (0.3 to 0.5 lower than the oral temperature).
(2) Physiological changes
Body temperature is not fixed, but fluctuates with age, day and night, gender and mood. The neonatal thermoregulation function is not perfect, and the body temperature is easily affected by environmental temperature; Children's body temperature can be slightly higher than that of adults due to the increase of metabolic rate; Because of the low metabolic rate, the body temperature of the elderly is low in the normal range; Normal people have the lowest body temperature at 2-6 in the morning and the highest body temperature at 2-8 in the afternoon, but the fluctuation range does not exceed 0.5 of the average; Women are slightly taller than men; The influence of exercise, bathing, diet, mental stress and other factors will lead to a temporary increase in body temperature. Quiet, sleep, hunger and taking sedatives can lower body temperature.
(3) Abnormal body temperature
& nbsp1fever
Due to the dysfunction of the thermoregulatory center or thermoregulatory center, the use of high fever, body temperature beyond the normal range, is called fever.
1) fever degree (based on oral temperature) 37.3-38.0; Moderate fever 38.1-39.0; High fever 39. 1? 4 1.0; Ultra-high fever above 4 1.0.
2) Nursing care of patients with fever Patients with high fever should have their body temperature measured every 4 hours, and it can be reduced to twice a day after 3 days of normal body temperature. At the same time, closely observe the patient's complexion, pulse, breathing and blood pressure, and seek medical attention in time if there is any abnormality. If antipyretics or physical cooling are used, the body temperature should be measured after 30 minutes. If the temperature exceeds 39, you can use an ice pack to compress your head. If the body temperature exceeds 39.5, warm water bath, alcohol bath or cold compress can be used at the aorta; Pay attention to supplement nutrition and water to patients, do oral care and skin cleaning well, and ensure bed rest.
2 Hypothermia
A temperature below 35.0 is called hypothermia. It is more common in premature infants and critically ill patients with systemic failure. Nursing care of patients with hypothermia should closely observe the changes of their condition; Pay attention to proper heat preservation and keep the room temperature at 24.0? 26.0℃ is appropriate.
(4) Temperature measurement method
Check whether the mercury column of the thermometer is lower than 35.0 before measurement.
[1] oral thermometry
Put the mercury end obliquely on the surface of sublingual mouth, let the patient shut up, breathe through his nose, don't bite the thermometer, and take it out after 3 minutes.
[2] Axillary thermometry
Dry the sweat under the armpit, put the mercury end of the thermometer deep into the armpit and close to the skin, and let the patient hold the thermometer. /kloc-take it out after 0/0 minutes.
[3] rectal thermometry
Let the patient lie on his side, lie prone or bend his knees, lubricate the mercury end of the anal surface with 20% soap or oil, and gently insert it into the anus 3? 4cm, take it out after 3 minutes.