Obesity can change the state of human body through its influence on physical system, mental health and social effects. This paper mainly expounds the influence of obesity on the body system and summarizes the necessary routine physical examination items.
First, obesity will cause immeasurable harm to the major systems of the human body.
1, respiratory system: adipose tissue accumulates in abdomen or diaphragm, which raises diaphragm, reduces tidal volume and vital capacity. In severe cases, it leads to decreased lung ventilation, decreased oxygen partial pressure, dyspnea and even hypoxemia. If fat blocks breathing at night, it will seriously affect the quality of sleep, that is, sleep apnea syndrome, causing further harm to the body.
2. Cardiovascular system: For the cardiovascular system, obese people are more likely to suffer from cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Research shows that the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in adults with body mass index greater than 30kg/m2 and between 25 and 30kg/m2 is 37% and 2 1% respectively, while the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in adults with body mass index less than 25 kg/m2 is only 10%. Obesity can cause hemodynamic changes, ventricular hypertrophy, atherosclerosis and thrombosis, thus directly damaging the cardiovascular system. It can also cause hyperlipidemia and diabetes by inducing abnormal lipoprotein and insulin resistance, which can cause cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and coronary heart disease.
3, digestive system: obesity makes fat accumulate in the liver, gradually leading to fatty liver. The prevalence of fatty liver in obese people is 4.6 times higher than that in normal weight people. Studies have shown that fatty liver is the most common liver-related disease in obese patients, especially those with abdominal obesity, and the prevalence rate in men is higher than that in women. In addition, obesity is often accompanied by gallstones, and the long-term physical stimulation and chronic inflammatory reaction of gallstones to the gallbladder will also lead to the high incidence of gallbladder cancer.
4. Skeletal system: Obesity can also cause diseases such as osteoarthritis, hyperuricemia and gout.
5. Endocrine system: Multiple ovarian cyst syndrome, abnormal secretion of sex hormones and other diseases are all related to the abnormal endocrine system caused by obesity.
6. Cancer: Epidemiological survey found that obesity complicated with breast cancer is the most common, especially in middle-aged and elderly people. Due to excessive fat intake and insufficient dietary fiber intake, the incidence of colorectal cancer in obese people is higher than that in the general population.
Second, the physical examination items
1, height and weight, waist and abdomen circumference and body fat rate are the most basic physical examination items, which are used to monitor the changing trend of weight and achieve the purpose of targeted guidance.
2. Fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose and glucose tolerance test are used to monitor the relationship between obesity and diabetes.
3. Biochemical tests such as blood lipids, triglycerides and B-ultrasound can monitor whether the fat content and distribution in the body are abnormal and judge whether there is a risk of fatty liver and gallstones.
4. Examination of endocrine system, such as insulin level, allows doctors to make targeted weight loss plans.
5. Routine examinations such as pulse, blood pressure, vital capacity and basal metabolic rate can monitor the functions of respiratory system and cardiovascular system.
6. The detection of tumor markers is an early signal to detect malignant tumors.
7. Some imaging examinations are used to judge the structure and function of the skeletal system and internal organs.
The most fundamental measure to prevent obesity-related diseases is to lose weight. I hope everyone will keep their mouths shut and open their legs for the sake of good health.