Under what circumstances can't BCG be vaccinated, you need to know the relevant precautions before vaccination. Do not vaccinate if the following situations occur. If you don't know under what circumstances you can't get BCG vaccination, then this article will help you answer the whole question for your reference.
Under what circumstances can't BCG be inoculated 1?
What does BCG prevent?
BCG is a vaccine to prevent tuberculosis. Vaccination with BCG can help people develop the ability to resist tuberculosis. It is one of the vaccines that the state stipulates that newborns must be vaccinated, and it belongs to the scope of planned immunization.
For some tuberculosis that will endanger the life of infants, such as tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis, BCG can play a very obvious role. People who are vaccinated with BCG after birth will basically not suffer from tuberculosis.
Infants and young children have the weakest resistance, and it is very dangerous if they are infected with tuberculosis. Therefore, every newborn needs to be vaccinated with BCG, which can effectively prevent tuberculosis.
Which babies can't get BCG?
According to the relevant national regulations, all babies should be vaccinated with BCG after birth, so BCG is also called the first injection after birth. But some babies can't get BCG because of special circumstances.
1, immunocompromised babies cannot be vaccinated with BCG. When the newborn is diagnosed with immune deficiency, it is not suitable for BCG vaccination, which may spread tuberculosis and some may have BCG bacteremia.
2. Infants with active tuberculosis, or infants who have turned into tuberculosis and are positive for tuberculin test, do not need to be vaccinated with BCG. Such babies have their own antibodies. If they are vaccinated with BCG again, there will be serious abnormal reactions.
3. Premature babies, babies with acute and chronic diseases, skin diseases and allergic reactions need to consult a doctor before vaccination.
When will BCG be played?
As the first injection after birth, BCG vaccination should be carried out within 24 hours after birth. After 3 months, go to the inoculation point to check the inoculation effect of BCG. If the result of tuberculin test is still negative, it needs to be vaccinated again.
If it is premature and healthy, it can be vaccinated after 6 months; If it is a baby with a fever or some diseases, it can be vaccinated after recovery.
China's health department stipulates that babies who are not vaccinated with BCG at birth can be replanted directly for less than 3 months; If it is between 3 months and 3 years old, first carry out tuberculin test, if the result is negative, it can be replanted; Babies aged 4 and above do not need replanting.
BCG vaccination method
There are three main methods of BCG vaccination, namely intradermal injection, intradermal scratching and oral administration.
1, intradermal injection
More commonly, the injection method is the same as the common vaccine, but the location is slightly different. Generally, the deltoid muscle on the lateral side of the upper arm is injected intradermally. Subcutaneous or intramuscular injection is strictly prohibited.
2, skin scratch method
The BCG vaccine used is milky white suspension containing 50-75 mg of bacteria per 1ml. The method is to disinfect the skin with alcohol at the outer edge of the lower end of the deltoid muscle of the left upper arm, then drop 2-3 drops of vaccine after drying, and then mark the word "well" with sterilized needles, each with a length of 1- 1.5 cm and a gap of 0. 5cm, it is advisable to have red marks. After coating the vaccine evenly, let it penetrate into the skin, and then wear clothes after the vaccine dries.
This method is simple to operate, easy to popularize, with light local reaction and less lymph node reaction.
3, oral method
It is rare because it is only used for babies within 2 months.
Among the three methods, intradermal injection and oral administration will have better effects, while intradermal scratching is relatively poor.
How will BCG react?
The most common reaction after BCG vaccination is local redness and swelling, and then ulcers are formed. Most of them will heal themselves and form permanent scars, which is a normal reaction. Some babies will have lymphadenopathy near the inoculation site, and with the healing of the inoculation site, the phenomenon of lymphadenopathy will also subside on its own.
Very few babies will have serious rash, shock and other abnormal reactions, but if they do, they should be diagnosed and treated in time.
Incidental reaction of BCG vaccination
1, lymphadenitis
Most of them are swollen lymph nodes such as neck, armpit and clavicle, sometimes one, sometimes multiple, depending on the specific situation. In severe cases, lymph node enlargement is very obvious, and sometimes it will burst open.
2, myelitis
The main manifestations are mild fever, swelling, mild pain and dysfunction at the lesion site. This reaction is benign, the symptoms are generally mild, and the child's health is relatively good.
3. Feather reaction
It is related to the residual virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.
Step 4: scars
Scar bulge and sometimes keloid are formed due to abundant granulation tissue, which is more common in those who scratch the skin directly without OT test. These processes usually last for 2 months.
5. Systemic disseminated BCG infection
Under what circumstances can't I get 2 BCG shots?
1, weighing below 2500g, premature or immature;
2. Diarrhea or severe indigestion;
3. The temperature is over 37. 5℃;
4, eczema, pustules and other systemic skin diseases;
5. Pathological jaundice;
6. There are trauma and obvious clinical symptoms during delivery, such as neonatal asphyxia and intracranial hemorrhage. ;
7, congenital meningocele, congenital heart disease, congenital hydrocephalus and other serious congenital malformations.
How to judge whether BCG vaccination is successful?
If you are worried that the vaccine has not been successfully vaccinated, you can do a tuberculin test (PPD skin test) to see if the child has been successfully vaccinated.
PPD skin test takes 48-72 hours to observe the results. If the result is negative, it means that the inoculation is unsuccessful and BCG vaccine needs to be replanted. If the result is positive, the vaccination is successful. If the result is strongly positive, further examination is needed. You must confirm that the skin test is negative before you can replant BCG.