First, local conditions and customs
* Be disciplined and tidy *
Germans attach great importance to rules and discipline and take everything very seriously. Where there are express provisions, Germans will consciously abide by them; Germans will never touch anything that is forbidden. In the eyes of some people, many times, Germans are almost inflexible, inflexible and even a little unreasonable. But when you think about it, this "inflexibility" is very beneficial. How can there be order without discipline? No rules, no decency?
Germans attach great importance to cleanliness. They not only pay attention to keeping their small environment clean and tidy, but also attach great importance to keeping the big environment clean and tidy. In Germany, everything is clean and tidy in parks, streets, theaters and other public places. Germans also attach great importance to clothing. Wear work clothes to work. Although you can dress casually when you come home from work, you will definitely dress neatly as long as there are guests visiting or going out for activities. When watching a drama or opera, women should wear long skirts, and men should wear formal clothes, at least dark clothes. This is especially true when attending social activities or formal banquets.
* Punctuality loves silence *
Germans are punctual, make appointments, and never change easily without special circumstances. When Germans are invited to other people's homes or go out to visit friends, they will arrive on time, and will not let the host waste time waiting or have to entertain guests in advance. Otherwise, it is impolite. If you can't keep the appointment on time for special reasons, you will apologize to your friends and ask for forgiveness.
Germans prefer quiet life, but they don't like noise except on special occasions. For example, although many people work in cities, they live in rural areas or small towns near cities, in order to be quiet. Even those who live in cities pay great attention to the noise around their houses. For example, you can't play musical instruments from 8 pm to 8 am the next day, and you can't talk loudly. If you want to get together at night, you should explain the situation to your neighbors in advance, ask them to understand, try to arrange it on weekends and try not to make noise. Otherwise, the disturbed neighbors will be very angry and may protest in person, and some people may even ask the police to intervene.
* Treat people sincerely and pay attention to etiquette *
Generally speaking, there is not much trouble in dealing with Germans. In most cases, they just. No matter what they can do, they will tell you at once that it can be done. Whatever they can't do, they will definitely tell you "no", rarely put on airs or give ambiguous answers. Of course, interpersonal relationships and efforts are by no means without influence.
Like many western countries, Germans pay more attention to etiquette. When we meet, whether we know each other or not, whether we are on the road, or in offices, hotels, elevators and other places, we all say hello to each other and say "hello". When eating in a restaurant, you should also nod to the customers who have already sat down. It is really "courtesy to politeness, courtesy to many people". Friends shake hands to greet each other, and so do they when they say goodbye. Good friends I haven't seen for a long time can hug each other when they meet or leave for a long time. On formal occasions, men still kiss women's hands, but they don't have to kiss the back of their hands. In the process of communication, most people often use "you" and surname beginning with "Mr" or "Ms" (also called "Mrs") as honorifics. Only friends, relatives and young people call each other "you" and names. For women, regardless of marriage and age, they can be called "Ms. XXX", but for married women, they should be called by their husband's surname.
Gifts are also highly valued in Germany. When invited to other people's homes, they usually bring gifts. Most people bring flowers, some male guests bring a bottle of wine, and some people bring a meaningful book (or a book written by themselves) or a picture album. Send more flowers when welcoming guests (such as stations and airports) and visiting patients. When congratulating others on their birthdays, festivals or weddings, you can send cards. If you give a gift, you should take practicality and significance as the principle, not the price. Gifts should be wrapped in gift paper in advance. Many people will open the gift immediately after receiving it and express their gratitude to the giver.
In Germany and other western countries, women are given priority in many occasions such as entering the door, getting into the elevator and getting on the bus. Men should help women open the car door, hang up their clothes and give up their seats. The lady only said "thank you" for this, and she didn't feel embarrassed, nor did she think that the other party was up to no good. Germans pay great attention to respect each other when talking with others. Don't ask other people's private affairs (such as female age, income, etc.). ) and don't make fun of the people present. When talking, don't talk to people sitting far away from the table, for fear of affecting others' emotions.
Second, scenic spots
Capital Berlin: Bodhi Avenue (directly to Marx-Engels Square), Xiahotenburg Palace (Marock-style palace), Opera House (residence of Princess Prussia), German History Museum, Bergamon Museum (Archaeological Museum), Baird Museum, Guard Open-air Market (Baroque Square), Arc de Triomphe Column Monument (to commemorate Prussia's victory), Potsdam Square, Berlin Wall, Yanlishan Square, etc.
Munich: St. Peter's Church (Gothic architecture), Ningfenbao (Summer Palace of Kings);
Cologne: Chocolate Museum, Rhine River (the third largest river in Europe), Cologne Cathedral (the largest church in Germany), Germanic Museum (with precious De Onisi tiles);
Frankfurt: Goethe Museum (Goethe's former residence), Rome Square (the symbol of Frankfurt), Frankfurt Exhibition Center (the most important exhibition hall in Germany);
Others: Bonn Culture and Art Exhibition Hall, rothenburg, Munich German Museum, Heidelberg Castle, Bavarian Neuschwanstein Palace, Dresden Gallery, etc.
Third, food.
Local delicacy
If you travel around Germany, you will have the opportunity to taste the colorful and unique local cuisine. When you are sitting in a traditional castle restaurant, it is really a pleasant thing to enjoy such a nutritious and delicious dinner with a gin sauce, pears and fried potatoes, and a chicory walnut salad and a glass of grapes. Every Saxon knows in his diet that a fish has to swim three times, that is, in water, butter and wine, before it can be served on the table. Carp with wine stains is Saxon's favorite Sunday dish. Bavarian authentic sauerkraut barbecue, Baden spotted trout slices, etc. It's all local food.
Bread sausage
If you want to eat sausages in Germany, you have found the right place. It is estimated that there are more than 1500 kinds of sausages, among which there are more than 780 kinds of boiled sausages. The most popular sausages are wet sausages, including pickled sausages and thin sausages with strong flavor. In addition, boiled sausages include 60 kinds of sausages with different livers and tastes, such as the famous Pfalcz enema. Sausages must be accompanied by bread, and Germany can also be called the world champion in quality and quantity in bread making. In Germany, bread is made of refined flour, as well as mixed flour made of rye, oats, refined flour and miscellaneous grains. There are more than 1200 kinds of delicious buns, angular buns, 8-shaped scones and long breads baked in Germany every day, and there are more than 300 other different kinds of breads.
Bread is the most important staple food for Germans for three meals a day.
According to statistics, in 1994, Germans ate an average of 8 1.5 kg of bread, ranking first among EU member states. Some breads in Germany have local characteristics, such as black bread in Hamburg, rye bread in Holstein and scones dipped in oil and salted in Bavaria. In Germany, bread is considered to be a nutritious and healthful natural food, but Germans never eat bread alone. Instead, they spread a thick layer of cream on bread, accompanied by cheese and jam, as well as sausages or ham. Germans like to eat cheese. There are more than 600 kinds of cheese. Cheese is a must-have food on the breakfast table in Germany. Fish, candy, cake, etc. It is also the favorite food of Germans. Whether it is canned fish, frozen fish, fresh fish, smoked fish, fish salad, shrimp, fresh shellfish, etc. They are very popular with Germans, who eat fish 15 kg per capita every year. The sales of candy, chocolate and cakes are also considerable.
Hometown of wine
German beer and wine are world-famous. Germany is a big drinking country in the world, and its annual drinking volume ranks second in the world, among which beer sales rank first in the world. Beer and wine are essential drinks for every family in Germany. When friends get together, there must be a bartender. The climatic conditions in Germany are very suitable for the growth of grapes. There are 13 grape growing areas, 60 large-scale planting fields and 2,600 small-scale planting fields in China, which are mainly concentrated on the banks of Arrhea River, Qifengling River and Moser River in the southwest and north of Germany. It has beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. Neustadt, the largest grape growing area, has 2000 hectares of vineyards, with endless green grape racks and attractive grape fragrance in the whole air. A string of fragrant grapes, glowing with brilliant red light, is mouth watering. Pick one and put it in your mouth and soak it in honey. The fragrance overflows between the tips of your tongue. The best grapes make the best wine.
Italy:
First, local conditions and customs
Italy is dominated by Italians, and more than 90% of the residents believe in Catholicism.
If someone sneezes, the person next to him will say, "salute!" I wish you good health. Besides, sneezing or coughing in front of others is considered impolite and rude, so I should immediately say "I'm sorry" to the people next to me. It is said that it is because there has been a precedent in Europe for people to die because of a serious epidemic. In the eyes of Italians, a cold is as terrible as a scourge, because people next to it will say, "salute!" I wish you good health.
Italians are hospitable and polite. On formal occasions, dress is very particular. The greeting ceremony is to shake hands or wave; For people who are old, have status and are unfamiliar, they should be addressed by their surnames, plus honorary titles such as "Mr.", "Mrs." and "Miss"; In the case of eating, taking the bus, taking the elevator, etc. Women will be allowed to go first. Pay attention to discretion when talking to Italians, and generally talk about work, news and football; No politics, no football. Italians are forbidden to cross handshakes and the number "17".
In the eyes of Italians, freedom is the most important thing. Italians have a poor sense of punctuality and collectivity, so it is normal for them to be about 20 minutes late for the banquet. Italians have the habit of drinking coffee, stewing fruit and yogurt in the morning. Wine, especially wine, is an indispensable drink for Italians. Both men and women should drink almost every meal, and even add some wine when drinking coffee.
Italians are afraid of chrysanthemums.
The wedding and funeral customs in Italy are similar to those in other European countries, and the ceremonies are mostly related to religious ceremonies. Italian marriage needs to go through two ceremonies: engagement (exchange of engagement rings) and marriage (divided into civil affairs and church wedding). March and April are the peak times for Italian youth to choose to get married. Italians are not allowed to divorce before May 1974. 1974 After the referendum in May, the divorce rate of Italians remained high.
The burial methods in Italy are mostly earth burial, mostly in large cemeteries.
Italians are completely family-centered, and grandma is highly respected-even there is an award of "coolest grandma" every year (the latest winner beat other competitors in the competition by dancing the fast-spinning Tarantella barefoot).
Second, famous scenic spots in Italy
Colosseum square
The Colosseum is one of the greatest buildings in Roman times and the best preserved amphitheater. Located in the southeast of Venice Square. The Colosseum is one of the eight famous places of interest in the world and a symbol of the Roman Empire. Church of the angel Santa Maria.
The Church of Santa Maria of Angels was rebuilt by Dick in 1563 on the ruins of the warm water hall in Chano bathroom.18th century was changed from Luigi Vanvitelli to its present appearance. The entrance is like the Pantheon, and the courtyard is 9 1 m high, which is the building limit at that time.
Milan Cathedral
Milan Cathedral, also known as the Church of the Nativity, is located in the center of Milan, Italy. It was founded in 1386, and its vault was completed in 1500. The gilded statue of the Virgin Mary was placed on the central tower in 1774. It was finally completed in 1897, which took five centuries. It is not only the symbol of Milan, but also the center of Milan. Napoleon was crowned in Milan Cathedral in 1805.
Venice (Venice)
It has a unique tenderness in the world, and there is no lack of the strongest elegant scenery in the Mediterranean in history, a bridge between East and West. This world-famous city, built in the 5th century A.D., is located in the northeast of Italy, about 4 kilometers away from the mainland, and on the island of Lake Venice about 1 18. 150 many canals and more than 400 bridges crisscross, connecting these 1 18 islands into a city. Venice's unparalleled unique appearance and rich artistic treasures make it the most attractive tourist city in the world. The beauty of Venice is inseparable from the green water and rickety ships, and it is inseparable from the magnificent classical architecture. Standing in St. Kyle Square, the vertical and horizontal streets are transformed into winding canals here; Vehicles that pass unimpeded on the streets of ordinary cities become boats here. Every small waterway, small street, small church and Little Square here is a landscape and records the splendid culture and history of Shuicheng.
Piazza del san.marco is known as the most romantic square, and pigeons are the biggest feature here.
Sigh bridge, the two buildings connected by sigh bridge are court and prison respectively; Generally speaking, people who go to prison will not come out alive, and the bridge of sighs has become the only place where they can see the sunshine in the end. Therefore, prisoners can't help sighing when they pass by. Over time, these sighs have become "bridges of sighs" ...
The highest authority in Venice during the Republic of China-the Governor's Office; Pink marble exterior wall, continuous pointed arch and four-flower round window belong to typical Gothic style.
St. Kyle's Cathedral, with strong Byzantine style, is said to be dedicated to the evangelist St. Kyle; Ma San is the patron saint of Venice and the symbol is the lion. Therefore, the lion is also a symbol of Venice.
The first floor of the old and new administrative houses on both sides of St. Kyle's Cathedral is now mostly used as a cafe; The most famous is Florian Cafe, where Hemingway and Byron are said to hang out. Of course, the coffee here is also the most expensive in Italy ~ ~
Gondola, according to legend, the former boatmen were young and handsome boys, singing love songs while rowing; Of course not now ~ ~ Besides, gondola is the most expensive means of transportation in Venice. Unless you have enough money to burn it, you can just sit symbolically. ...
Rome (Rome)
This is an eternal city belonging to God and angels. It is built on seven mountains between the Tiber River. It has been destroyed and revived several times. Historical sites can be seen everywhere: the ancient Colosseum in Constantine, the Fountain of Four Rivers, the Spanish Steps ... and the Vatican, the Catholic religious sites in the urban area, which adds a landscape.
WeiNiSi GuangChang
The Pantheon was built by the talented Roman emperor Hadrian. He loved the ancient Greek civilization all his life and dedicated all his beliefs to this temple. At the same time, the Pantheon is also the best preserved classical building in Rome, where the Renaissance painter Raphael lies. ...
Florence (Firenze)
Bearing the fruits of the Renaissance, it is a famous cultural ancient city and art paradise, and also a tourist city that attracts a large number of international tourists. As the cultural center of European Renaissance, Florence has left countless important historical buildings and historical treasures to modern people. Michelangelo Square, Viciot Ancient Bridge and the Leaning Tower of Pisa nearby are the most important sightseeing spots.
1. Art Museum: It has a collection of Michelangelo's David, four unfinished Slaves, the second Virgin Mary and other Florentine artists' works. There is a good bookstore and poster spot across the street, so you can stop by.
2. Cathedral: Cathedral is the landmark of Florence. Its appearance is made of pink, green and milky white marble, which shows the elegant and noble temperament of women, so it is also called the "Virgin Mary". Baihua Cathedral was built by Arnold cambio in 1296. The huge central dome was the first Renaissance dome built by the famous architect Brunelleschi, which took 14 years to complete, and it is a model of Renaissance dome architecture. When Michelangelo planned to design the dome of St. Peter's Cathedral, he once said, "I can build a dome bigger than the dome of Emerald Cathedral, but I will never be as beautiful as it." If you want to climb the roof of the cathedral, you can enter from the corridor on the left side of the chapel on the right and climb 463 steps. The facade of the church has been rebuilt twice, and there are many great works of art in the museum behind the church.
3. Campanile di Giotto: The 82-meter-high tower next to Baihua Cathedral was built by architect Giotto in 1334. Its appearance is a quadrangular columnar tower, with three colors of pink, dark green and cream, which are in harmony with the Baihua Cathedral next to it. There are exquisite reliefs at the bottom, and there are stairs to reach the top.
4. Battistaro di San Giovanni: The octagonal church facing Baihua Cathedral was built in the 5th-8th century and is a representative of Romanesque architecture in Tuscany. There are three bronze doors reliefs in the chapel with the most sightseeing value: the bronze doors on the south side of the entrance was made by Andrea Bisano in 1330, and the 28 patterns tell the story of John's missionary work; The East Gate of Worship was built by ghiberti from 1425 in 27 years. Ten patterns describe Adam and Eve and the theme of the Old Testament, which Michelangelo called the "Gate of Heaven". Bronze doors in the north is also the work of Gilberti, which consists of 28 pictures, and its theme is to show the life of Christ and the deeds of his 12 disciples.
5. Piazzale Michelangelo: Located on the other side of the Arno River, Piazza is the best base overlooking Florence. In the center of the square, there is a replica of Michelangelo's statue of David, behind which is the romantic church of San Miniato, which is breathtaking.
6. Vecchio Palace: The interior of this well-defended palace used to be medici family's residence. Michelangelo's David has been waiting on the left side of the door since 1873, but what I see now is a copy. The Great Hall on the second floor is the general assembly hall of China government, and Michelangelo's masterpiece Victory is hung on both walls. In front of the palace is the most lively Plazza della Signoria in Florence, and the riding statue of Cosimo Medici, the "father of the motherland", which is very lively. There are many ancient and Renaissance marble statues in Zilan Corridor near the palace.
7. Ponte Vecchio: Built in 1345, it is the oldest bridge in emerald green. The word Vecchio is an old meaning. There is a two-story building on Visio Bridge, which used to be the corridor from uffizi Palace to Beatty Palace on the other side. There are specialty shops on both sides of the bridge, and the back of the shop extends to the river. The specialty store mainly sells precious stones and metals.
Pizza (pizza)
1063, in order to commemorate the patron saint of Pisa, Pisa people began to build the so-called Romanesque-Pisa-style cathedral-the cathedral in the square in the northeast corner of the city. Designed by the sculptor Bonanno Kaituo-Pisano, there is also a circular baptist church and a bell tower, forming a group of buildings, which are also typical Italian imitation Roman buildings. As can be seen in the photo, in this group of buildings, the Baptist church is located in front of the main church, on the same axis as the church, and the bell tower is in the southeast corner of the church. These two circular buildings match each other in size, height and distance, and seem to be in perfect harmony with the main church.
Sicily (Sicily)
"Not going to Sicily is like never going to Italy: only in Sicily can you find the source of Italian beauty." This is a sentence written by Gus when he arrived in Palermo on April 3, 787. This is his first visit to Italy to find the roots of western culture. Indeed, the largest island in the Mediterranean and the largest province in Italy are indeed a smart land. The charming natural scenery and cultural scenery here are very harmonious, and naturally there are people who have lived here since ancient times: Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Normans, Schwabens, Spaniards and so on. Once lived here, and their culture has been confirmed here.
Verona (Verona)
It is not uncommon for a famous book to enhance the popularity of a city, but Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is different. It not only greatly enhanced the popularity of Verona, but also miraculously changed the city's position in people's minds. In my opinion, the greatest contribution of this ancient city, which is listed in the United Nations World Heritage List, to the world is not because it has the third largest amphitheater in the world. It is neither an ancient bridge, a medieval castle and a city wall on the Adigo River, nor a masterpiece of Roman architecture in12nd century-St. Zhi Nuo's Cathedral, but a fictional love story. I think it must be a very romantic thing to take my lover to Verona where Romeo and Juliet once lived and fell in love.
Third, food.
Spaghetti, also called spaghetti, is the most acceptable western food in China. As the legal raw material of spaghetti, Duran wheat is the hardest wheat variety, which has the characteristics of high density, high protein and high gluten. The pasta made by Duran wheat is yellow, resistant to cooking and good in taste. Therefore, authentic raw materials are an important condition for pasta to taste good. In addition, mixing spaghetti sauce is more important. Generally speaking, spaghetti sauce can be divided into red sauce, green sauce, white sauce and squid ink sauce. Red sauce is mainly tomato sauce, which is the most common at present; Green sauce is a sauce made of basil, pine nuts and olive oil, which has a very strong flavor. White sauce is a kind of sauce based on salt-free cream, which is mainly used for baking noodles, lasagna and seafood pasta. Black sauce is a sauce made of cuttlefish juice, which is mainly used for seafood pasta such as cuttlefish. The flour used for making noodles is different from that used for making noodles in China. It uses a kind of "hard Turin wheat", so it won't burn if cooked for a long time. This is the biggest difference. Then its shape is different. In addition to ordinary straight flour, there are hundreds of tree types such as spiral, elbow, butterfly and shell.
Go to Germany.