The loss of isotonic liquid of water and sodium is called isotonic water shortage, and hypertonic water shortage means that there is more water shortage than sodium shortage; Low permeability water shortage means less water shortage than sodium shortage. Sodium ion is the main cation in extracellular fluid and plays an important role in maintaining the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid crystals. Sodium ions combine with water molecules to form hydrated ions, which can preserve water and prevent water loss. Sodium ion plays an important role in maintaining nerve and muscle stress and cell membrane permeability.
What are the symptoms of lack of water and sodium?
1, thirst, dizziness, fatigue, delirium, apathy, unresponsiveness, lethargy and coma.
2, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, bloating.
3, less urine, or even no urine.
4, the skin elasticity is reduced, the lip skin is dry, and the eye socket is sunken.
5, superficial vein collapse, heart rate increased, blood pressure decreased.
What tests do you need to do for lack of water and sodium?
1. Isoosmotic water shortage: history of vomiting, diarrhea, extensive burns, intestinal obstruction and peritonitis. There are clinical manifestations such as thirst, oliguria, anorexia, lethargy, dry skin, poor elasticity, rapid heart rate, and decreased blood pressure. Laboratory examination showed that blood was concentrated, hematocrit increased, and serum sodium and chlorine did not decrease significantly.
2. Hypertonic water shortage: history of high fever, profuse sweating and fasting. Thirst and oliguria are the main manifestations. In severe cases, blood sodium is higher than 150 mmol/L, urine specific gravity is high, and hematocrit is increased.
3. Hypoosmotic water shortage: there is a history of only supplementing water or sodium after a large number of body fluids are lost. Have dizziness, nausea, fatigue, easy to faint when standing upright, and extremely low blood pressure. Serum sodium is lower than 135 mmol/L, urine specific gravity is low, urine sodium and chlorine are reduced, blood concentration and hematocrit are increased.
4. In the course of treatment, it is necessary to repeatedly check hematocrit, urine specific gravity and blood biochemistry, and adjust rehydration in time.
How to treat
1. Actively treat the primary disease.
2. Supplement sodium and water to replenish blood volume. If you can take it orally, try to take it orally, not intravenously. According to the type and degree of water shortage, different drugs are used.