First, rest:
In the acute stage, stay in bed; Exercise gradually during the recovery period to avoid overwork.
Second, diet care:
Should be given a high calorie, high vitamin, low salt, low protein, digestible diet. During oliguria period, the water inflow should be strictly controlled, and the daily water inflow is about 500ml of the previous day's discharge. Limit foods rich in potassium, sodium, magnesium and phosphorus, such as bananas, oranges, peaches, spinach, rape, mushrooms, fungus and peanuts. Protein can be increased daily during the period of polyuria to meet the needs of the organization. Patients are required to eat foods rich in potassium to avoid hypokalemia.
Third, observation of diseases.
1. Oliguria: Hyperkalemia, excessive body fluid, secondary infection and uremia are the main life-threatening factors of Oliguria. Therefore, we should closely observe vital signs, timely and accurately record urine volume, maintain fluid balance, and also pay attention to
1) to observe whether there are precursor symptoms of hypertensive encephalopathy, acute left heart failure, brain edema and infection;
2) Observe the nasal cavity, oral cavity and skin mucosa for bleeding tendency;
3) What slimming products are better for men's facial care? What brand of toothpaste and tooth cleaning products are better for observing the changes of serum potassium and sodium: lethargy, irritability, weakness, paralysis, arrhythmia, etc. It is caused by hyperkalemia, edema, nausea, vomiting and heart failure. Report to the doctor and deal with it in time if any abnormality is found.
4) Observe urine volume and urine color, monitor body weight, and accurately record daily fluid inflow and outflow.
2. Polyuria: The urine volume is gradually increasing, so attention should be paid to supplementing fluids and electrolytes to observe whether there are signs of hypovolemia or electrolyte disorder such as hypotension, cold sweat, and clammy limbs.
Fourth, life care:
Five, patients during the illness, due to edema, weakness and other conditions may cause damage to the integrity of the skin, nursing staff should give skin care in time, keep the skin clean, don't scratch, in case of rupture. Prevent skin, respiratory tract, oral cavity and urinary tract infections.
Six, pay attention to rest, appropriate activities, to avoid fatigue.
Seven, adhere to the medication, do not reduce, pay attention to the adverse reactions of drugs. Avoid drugs that damage the kidneys, such as aminoglycosides.
Eight, prevent infections, such as upper respiratory tract and urinary tract infections. Go to public places less to prevent kidney damage from getting worse.