(1) Planning is very important for urban development. Urban planning concerns all walks of life and affects thousands of households. This is a strategic and comprehensive work. It plays a role in coordinating all aspects of urban development, making comprehensive arrangements for urban spatial layout, land use and major facilities construction, and embodies the will of the state and the interests of the people. Whether a city can be built and managed well depends on a good plan. Only in this way can the construction and management of the city be carried out in a scientific and orderly manner according to the planning. Otherwise, the management of construction will be blind and arbitrary to a great extent. Therefore, urban planning is very important for the economic and social development of a city.
(two) consciously according to the planning of construction and management. Urban planning has a process of being scientific, reasonable and perfect according to the reality of economic and social development. At the same time, the understanding of the authority and importance of urban planning also has a deepening process. In other words, how to consciously carry out construction and management according to the plan. Over the years, there have been both successful experiences and lessons of failure. In recent ten years, the urban construction in China has changed with each passing day, and new buildings and landscapes have sprung up like mushrooms after rain. However, there are also some failures. For example, some cities either demolish historical areas or build some modern high-rise buildings in protected areas. To develop, build and manage a city well, we must first make a good plan. The so-called planning is the "leader", that is, planning must go ahead. Only in this way can the development, construction and management of the city have a clear direction and purpose, so as to avoid blindness and even destruction. Planning is determined through certain procedures, authoritative and serious, and cannot be changed because of the will of the Chief Executive or the interests of regions (departments). Planning must have a high starting point to meet the needs of urban construction and management. Scientific planning to reduce construction mistakes. Planning should be advanced, scientific, distinctive and historically changeable. Strive to overcome the phenomenon of "one side of a thousand cities". In a sense, a city's exhibition speed and urban construction management level are based on a high starting point of urban planning, which is advanced, scientific and characteristic; On the other hand, it depends on whether the construction and management are carried out scientifically and orderly in strict accordance with the requirements of the plan, and the authority and seriousness of the plan are maintained.
Second, construction is the foundation of urban development and the concrete implementation and premise of planning management.
After the formulation of urban planning, how to implement it in the process of urban construction has become a prominent problem. Successful urban construction should be the perfect combination of science and art, man-made and nature, and the organic unity of economic, social and environmental benefits. The key to this state is to implement various urban construction projects in strict accordance with the urban planning, so that the planning can be implemented step by step. The continuous progress of urban construction provides preconditions and objective objects for the efficient management of the city, making it "targeted" and ensuring that all construction projects maintain a good state or image.
(A) the leading role of the government in urban construction is very important. First of all, according to the planning and deployment, the government systematically organizes infrastructure construction such as energy, transportation, communication, underground pipe network, landscaping and environmental protection. Infrastructure construction is the basic material condition of urban production and citizens' life, and it is also the foundation of other material facilities construction. Doing a good job in infrastructure construction will also lay a large spatial pattern for urban development and create one condition after another for urban development. Secondly, according to the newly determined spatial development steps in the planning, the government will focus on organizing the development of new areas and the transformation of old cities. For administrative centers, business districts, tourist areas, science and education parks, urban entrances and exits and other important areas related to the image of the city, we must seriously prepare for the establishment. This can not only effectively ensure the overall coordination and high level of urban construction, but also quickly form the development momentum, strengthen the agglomeration effect and attract more investment. Thirdly, according to the newly determined planning principles and control indicators, formulate specific policies and regulations, guide the investment direction, standardize the construction behavior, and bring urban construction into the track of unified and orderly management according to law. The above three aspects, first, building a basic framework, second, focusing on development, and third, standardizing order, are conducive to the formation of a virtuous circle of urban construction and healthy development along the newly determined planning direction. If urban construction deviates from the planned track, no matter how good the planning is, there will always be construction units that go their own way regardless of the planning requirements. As a result, all kinds of "constructive destruction" emerge one after another: barbaric destruction of precious historical relics in the city, stupid destruction of the beautiful ecological environment in the city, and rude destruction of the harmonious overall image of the city. To sum up, there will be no high-standard construction without a high starting point planning; On the other hand, if urban planning is not effectively implemented, urban construction will be out of control and urban management can only be inefficient.
(2) Urban construction has promoted the sustainable development of cities. Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 1990s, China has made great progress in urban construction, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Dalian. After decades of construction, urban functions have been continuously enhanced, and urban layout has become increasingly reasonable, which better reflects the requirements of urban planning. It not only shows the style of a modern city, but also maintains the historical style of red tiles and green trees, gradually shows the harmony between man and nature and promotes the sustainable development of the city. At the same time, it also provides preconditions and objective objects for efficient urban management.
Third, management is the guarantee of urban development and an important means of planning and construction.
(A) the quality of urban management plays a restrictive role in the healthy and orderly development of the city. Urban management is a social system engineering, a dynamic process and a concrete embodiment of urban image. People study, work and relax in the city every day. Cities continue to flow people, goods and information every day. High-performance urban management is an important guarantee and means for these activities to be carried out in a standardized and orderly manner, especially for urban planning and construction to achieve and maintain the expected results. As the saying goes, "three points of construction and seven points of management" means that construction is important and management is more important; Construction is difficult and management is even more difficult. Urban management in a broad sense refers to traffic management, public security management and community management. Narrow urban management refers to the management of city appearance and environmental sanitation. This paper mainly expounds the narrow sense of urban management. From a national perspective, urban construction is not difficult as long as there are plans and funds. However, some well-built projects are difficult to manage. Its effect is restricted by subjective and objective conditions. Subjective reasons are mainly the constraints of management system, management means, management team and management funds. The objective reason is mainly the restriction of people's civilization and health habits. As mentioned above, urban management is a process with obvious repetitive characteristics, and its difficulty is greater than planning and construction. For example, in many cities, there are disorderly construction, graffiti, spitting and littering, which make some areas messy. After the clean-up of government organizations, it quickly made a comeback, forming a vicious circle of governance-resurgence-re-governance-resurgence.
(B) the city government must attach great importance to and do a good job in urban management. The above reality makes the city government put more energy into the management of the city while strengthening the planning and construction. Take Jinan as an example. While building this this beautiful city, we are also managing this city with brand-new ideas. First of all, a relatively perfect management system has been established, forming a three-level management system of city, district and street: the city has a city management office and a city management supervision corps, the district has a city management committee and a city management supervision brigade, and the street has a city management department and a city management inspector. Secondly, the reform in many fields of urban management: implementing property management in residential areas; The bazaar implements "retreating into the hall", implements new garbage collection and transportation methods, and cancels street garbage bins; Implemented the urban greening and lighting project; Demolition of millions of square meters of illegal buildings; The city's urban management has reached a new level. Through the mass creation activities such as excellent sanitary city, tourist city, garden city and civilized city, the general public's awareness of environmental protection and civilization have been greatly improved, which has adhered to a good mass foundation for urban management. Thus, it provides a strong guarantee for the full implementation of the new round of urban planning in Jinan approved by the State Council, further improving urban construction and maintaining the overall achievements of urban infrastructure construction.
Four, some suggestions on urban planning, construction and management.
To sum up, urban planning, construction and management are inseparable unity and a comprehensive social system project. The relationship between the three; Only by promoting each other can the development of the city step into a harmonious, healthy and orderly virtuous circle track. Otherwise, there will be serious imbalances and mistakes in the process of urban sustainable development. I came into contact with this work a few years ago and have some experience. In urban planning, construction and management, I think we should adhere to the following basic points:
First, the approved urban planning must be authoritative and cannot be changed without authorization. Approved urban planning has legal effect. China's "Urban Planning Law" stipulates that all construction land and construction projects must conform to urban planning and obey planning management, and no one has the right to change them without authorization. In particular, it is necessary to prevent the rule of man, adhere to the rule of law, ensure that cities will not engage in destructive development and construction in violation of planning because of quick success and instant benefit and departmental interests, and earnestly safeguard the authority of urban planning.
Second, the power of urban planning and management must be concentrated in cities and cannot be delegated. Urban planning is based on overall interests, overall interests and long-term interests. Under the guidance of urban planning, the exercise of urban planning management power must emphasize that local interests obey the overall interests, individual interests obey the overall interests, small families pay attention to the overall situation, and immediate interests obey the long-term interests. Only by concentrating the power of urban planning and management in cities. Only in this way can we avoid excessive approval and construction by individual departments and units for local interests, immediate interests and personal interests. , damage the overall, overall and long-term interests.
Third, urban infrastructure construction must be complete and indispensable. Urban infrastructure construction is the key link to implement urban planning, improve urban functions and promote urban development, and it is the forerunner of urban social and economic development. Urban infrastructure construction must be in accordance with urban planning and construction, with roads first and water, electricity and electricity keeping up. You can't lose sight of one thing and lose sight of another. There is a zipper phenomenon on the road. Urban modernization first requires the modernization of urban infrastructure. A high-standard construction in quancheng road has become a bright spot in Quancheng, a golden street and a commercial and economic development center.
Fourth, historical and cultural cities, scenic spots and cultural relics must be protected and cannot be destroyed. These are the pride and priceless treasures of the city, which money can't buy. Huayang Palace in Huashan, for example, was not built in one day. With the joint efforts of many departments, it is a more complete cultural relic protection and an intangible wealth of the country. But destruction will happen overnight. Therefore, we must cherish and take good care of it, and we are not allowed to occupy, swallow or destroy it at will. It is also not allowed to destroy the ancient and build new ones, and it is really fake. To keep the original flavor as much as possible, normal maintenance is necessary. However, we should not make some fake antiques and foreign things in it. This "palace" and that "hole" are neither fish nor fowl, which will spoil the scenery. Such lessons are many and profound.
Fifth, landscaping and ecological environment must be taken seriously, not taken lightly. The competition in modern cities is not only economic competition, but also cultural competition and environmental competition. The city's "one ring and nine shots" project has achieved excellent results. If each road is planned reasonably, the road greening rate will reach 60. Landscaping is the "lung" of the city, through which we can go to the old and welcome the new. Protecting the ecological environment is a great cause of people-oriented, benefiting nature, contemporary people and future generations.
Sixth, urban public welfare facilities must be guaranteed and cannot be weakened. Under the condition of market economy, because the investment behavior of some developers is driven by interests, it is difficult for the market mechanism to provide perfect social welfare facilities, including city parks, parking lots, sports venues and so on. In particular, the "harbor-style" platform of bus companies has achieved special results. This requires effective measures to ensure that urban social welfare facilities are built according to the planning requirements. When it is built, it must be managed well to avoid being destroyed and used for other purposes.
Seventh, the city's personality characteristics must be distinct and can not be ignored. Due to the differences in geographical location, natural environment, economic situation and folk customs, the personality characteristics of each city should also be different. Therefore, in urban planning and construction, one model cannot be used. We must avoid "one side of a thousand cities". The more unique a city is, the more vital and attractive it is. The more modern it is, the more important its characteristics are.
Eighth, urban construction must adhere to quality first, and there can be no carelessness. A hundred years ago, quality came first. This is the lifeline of urban construction. The collapse of buildings and bridges in some cities is a "tofu residue project" that ignores the quality of buildings. What's more, the northern part of these projects is a dirty power and money transaction, making it a "corruption project" that kills people without blinking an eye, and the lessons are extremely profound. Therefore, it is very important to vigorously promote the quality management system of construction projects by legal and administrative means. The quality of construction is a matter of life and death. We must pay attention to it every year, every month and every day, and we will never relax.
Ninth, we must pay attention to the phenomenon of paying more attention to construction than management, and we must not lose sight of one thing and lose sight of another. Good urban management will play a multiplier and icing on the cake in maintaining the effect of planning and construction, and it is impossible to emphasize construction over management. First of all, we should establish a long-term mechanism for urban management, straighten out the management system and implement management responsibilities. Secondly, it is necessary to formulate urban management regulations and strictly manage cities according to law. Third, strengthen publicity and education, and strive to improve the public's awareness of urban management and health, which is the key to do a good job in urban management.
Tenth, urban planning, construction and management must be open, not closed. First, we should be open-minded, act in accordance with the laws of market economy in planning, fund raising, project bidding and urban management mode, use different forms, boldly introduce technology and funds, including foreign funds and advanced experience, actively integrate with the international community, improve the planning level, speed up construction and improve management efficiency. The second is to implement scientific and democratic decision-making and increase the transparency of planning, construction and management. For some major decisions, we should solicit opinions from all sides to minimize decision-making mistakes.
In a word, only by respecting the laws of urban planning, construction and management, correctly handling the relationship among them, and adhering to high starting point planning, high-level construction and efficient management, can a city become a good living space with reasonable layout, complete facilities, perfect functions and beautiful environment. Only in this way can the city's economic and social development make sustained, healthy and rapid progress.
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