First of all, get out of the dangerous environment and eliminate the injury factors.
Take off the burning clothes immediately; Or immediately douse the flame with water; Or quickly lie down and roll on the spot to crush the flame; Or cover the fire with quilts and coats.
Don't run and shout with a fire, so as not to burn the respiratory tract or catch fire by wind. Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel to prevent inhalation of toxic gases and smoke, as well as suffocation and respiratory burns.
When entering and leaving the fire in a low posture, the higher the position, the greater the smoke and poison gas.
Second, the treatment of burn wounds
The most important treatment after burn is to wash or soak the wound with 15-25℃ cold water (tap water is available) for about 20 minutes as soon as possible, so as to neutralize the residual heat, reduce the temperature, minimize the wound pain, reduce edema, avoid further deepening of heat, promote healing, reduce scar formation and narrow the scope of skin grafting. However, it is not suitable to use ice to avoid tissue ischemia caused by excessive contraction of blood vessels, which is not conducive to recovery.
Don't puncture the blisters to avoid infection.
Take off your clothes in the water. If there is adhesion, scissors can be used to cut around the wound to avoid aggravating the injury. And remove accessories such as watches, bracelets and rings to prevent swelling from affecting the academic cycle.
Never apply toothpaste, soy sauce, yellow sauce, alkaline noodles and plant ash. These substances can't cure burns, but they can cause infections.
Third, strong acid and alkali burns
Wipe dry immediately with towels, clothes and other cloths, and then rinse thoroughly with plenty of cold water to avoid expanding the burn area.
If strong acid, alkali or quicklime enters the eyes, it needs to be washed carefully and thoroughly.
If the digestive tract is burned by strong acid, take 200ml milk, egg white, soybean milk and edible vegetable oil immediately. Strictly take sodium bicarbonate orally to avoid producing carbon dioxide and causing perforation of digestive tract; Severe vomiting or gastric lavage to avoid perforation of digestive tract.
If the digestive tract is burned by strong alkali, take vinegar, lemon juice, 1% acetic acid immediately. Or take milk, egg white, edible vegetable oil, etc. 200ml each time to protect gastric mucosa. Strictly induce vomiting and gastric lavage to avoid digestive tract perforation.
Fourth, after the above treatment, cover the burn wound with sterile or clean cloth.
Fifth, call the emergency number-120 when necessary and take it to the hospital as soon as possible.
How to prevent burns and scalds
High-risk groups of burns and scalds
1-4-year-old children lack the ability to identify the hazards of heat sources, and touch heaters, electric heaters, hot water kettles, etc. Out of curiosity, their upper limbs were burned.
The elderly, especially the very old, are slow to move, slow to respond, have a decreased sense of temperature, lack the ability to avoid injury, and are prone to burns when exposed to heat sources.
Patients with diabetes, stroke paralysis and Alzheimer's disease can't express their feelings in time and correctly, except that their sense of temperature drops and they lack the ability to avoid injury. Therefore, burns are often found only when local infection or necrosis is found and sent to hospital for treatment, and they are treated in time.
Healthy people in sleep: after falling asleep, especially after entering a deep sleep state, healthy people's ability to respond to the outside world decreases. When using hot water bottles or heating pots, there are "chronic burns" at the contact parts, that is, deep burns that occur when the temperature is not high but the contact time is long.
Kitchen burns: such as splashing hot oil and hot soup.
Method for prevent burns and scald
When eating hot pot, be careful not to put the wire and plug of electric hot pot where children can easily reach it, so as to avoid children tripping over the wire when playing, pulling over the hot pot and causing burns.
Stay away from home sheets, furniture, clothes and other flammable items. Don't put wet clothes on the electric heater to dry. The surface temperature of electric heater is high, which will affect the heat dissipation and easily cause fire. Especially when the electric heater is on, don't leave the child alone in the room.
When using electric kettle, baby heater and hot water bottle, be sure to wrap it with cotton to avoid contact with human skin or warm the bed first and take it out when sleeping. When using electric blankets, be sure to turn off the power before going to bed, especially for the elderly.
High-temperature containers such as kettles at home are placed in high places or places where children are not easy to reach. Hot containers containing hot food, such as rice cookers, should not be placed on the ground and in low-lying places, and hot soup should be kept away from children or served at the end. The length of the table towel for eating is moderate to prevent children from pulling curiously and pulling down the hot soup. It is safest not to spread tablecloths for children at home.
Children should be told not to touch the red switch of the water dispenser. Parents should put down their children when drinking hot tea or coffee, otherwise parents will easily spill hot water on their children if they don't pay attention to their actions.
Try not to let the children into the kitchen. When cooking in the kitchen, people don't leave or close the door to prevent children from breaking in suddenly. Put the handle of the hot pot as far as possible towards the back wall of the stove, so that it is not easy for children to touch it. Turn off the main switch when gas is not used to prevent children from imitating ignition. Take the food out of the microwave when the children are not around or in the kitchen. Baby food or milk heated by microwave oven should be shaken evenly after being taken out and cooled for a period of time.
Try not to let children enter the bathroom, and keep the floor dry to prevent children from falling over the hydrothermal solution. Teach children not to touch the faucet in the bathtub, and try to keep them away from hot water when taking a bath.
Lighters, matches and other ignition appliances should be placed where children are not easy to get. Electrical sockets should be placed in high places or covered as far as possible, so that children are not easy to touch. Check the exposed wires for damage or obvious exposure. Liquefier, gas stove and pipeline should be inspected and maintained regularly, and doors and windows should be opened for ventilation after bathing.
Through the above introduction of some first aid methods, I hope everyone can pay more attention to it at ordinary times and not play a certain therapeutic role in some accidents. And in some daily life, we should pay more attention to prevent some burns, especially some things at home, and we should also prepare more drugs for burns at home.