Cognition refers to the process of people acquiring or applying knowledge, or information processing, which is the most basic psychological process of people. It includes feeling, perception, memory, thinking, imagination and language. The human brain receives information from the outside world, which is transformed into internal psychological activities through brain processing, and then dominates human behavior. This process is the process of information processing, that is, the cognitive process.
Emotion is the general name of a series of subjective cognitive experiences, and it is a psychological and physiological state produced by various feelings, thoughts and behaviors.
Behavior refers to extroverted activities dominated by thoughts.
So after the crisis, people often have psychological reactions: A: cognition, B: emotion and C: behavior.
Extended data
Psychological characteristics of people in crisis state
Everyone will experience crisis at different stages of life. Among all individual reactions to crisis, there is a common but special reaction, that is, psychological reaction.
Psychological crisis is a normal life experience, not a disease or pathological process. Generally speaking, individual personality characteristics, cognition and explanation of events, social support, past crisis experience, personal health status, access and credibility of information to intervene in crisis, personal adaptability and environment will all affect crisis response.
The severity of personal crisis response is not necessarily proportional to the intensity of the incident. In other words, the individual's response to the crisis is very different, that is, the response caused by the same stimulus is different.
Psychological research has found that people's psychological response to crisis usually goes through four different stages.
1, impact period. It happened shortly after or when the crisis happened, and I was shocked, panicked and at a loss.
2. Defense period. It is manifested in restoring psychological balance, controlling anxiety disorder and restoring impaired cognitive function. But if you don't know how to do it, there will be negation and rationalization.
3. Settlement period. Actively adopt various methods to accept the reality and seek various resources to try to solve the problem. Anxiety is reduced, self-confidence is enhanced, and social function is restored.
4. Growth period. After the crisis, I became more mature and gained the skills to deal with the crisis. However, some people respond negatively and have various unhealthy psychological behaviors.
After the disaster, many people will experience the casualties of their loved ones, or their bodies will be hurt. In this case, the victims will have some physiological and psychological reactions because of the disaster. As helpers, understanding these reactions can not only encourage them to express their emotions in time, but also prevent them from suppressing their thoughts and causing physical and mental discomfort and prolong their recovery time.
Physical and mental reactions after the disaster: such as floods, earthquakes, plane crashes and other serious disasters, people have experienced crisis situations that they will not encounter in their daily lives, and we all have some rare "normal" reactions in our daily lives. Some people will become indifferent and insensitive to the environment and others;
Some people will have many emotional reactions; Others will have uncomfortable physical symptoms. These emotional reactions and physical symptoms include:
emotional response
1. Fear: I am very worried about the disaster happening again, I am afraid that I or my relatives will be hurt, I am afraid that I will be left alone, and I am afraid that I will collapse or lose control.
2, helplessness: I feel how fragile and fragile people are, I don't know what to do in the future, and I feel that the future is boundless.
3. Sadness and guilt: I feel very sad and sad about the death or injury of my relatives or others, feel that no one can help me, hate my inability to save my family, hope that the person who died is myself rather than my relatives, and feel guilty because I am luckier than others.
4. Anger: I feel that God is so unfair to me, and the action of disaster relief is so slow that others simply don't know my needs.
5, repeated memories: I have been thinking about my dead relatives, feeling very empty and can't think of other things.
6. Disappointment: I keep expecting miracles, but I am disappointed again and again.
7. Hope: I look forward to rebuilding my home and hope for a better life.
Physical symptoms
Physical symptoms include: fatigue, trembling or cramping, insomnia, dyspnea, nightmares, sensory infarction in throat and chest, restlessness, nausea, memory loss, muscle pain (including head, neck and back pain), inattention, uterine spasm, dizziness, dizziness, menstrual disorder, sudden increase in heartbeat, nausea and diarrhea.
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