1, Research on Teachers' Mental Health Standards
The teaching profession is a special profession, one that touches life with life and waters the soul with the heart. As Jaspers told us: "Education means that one tree shakes another tree, one cloud pushes another cloud, and one soul awakens another." This particularity of teachers' work determines the importance of teachers' psychological quality. Therefore, in order to make students have good psychological quality, teachers must first have good psychological quality, and to improve students' mental health level, teachers must first have a high level of mental health. Therefore, it is equally important to pay attention to the mental health of teachers and students.
Educational psychology researchers put forward teachers' mental health standards from different angles and levels. Some experts in educational psychology believe that teachers' mental health standards should follow: (1) Love education and be competent in teaching; (2) Positive and optimistic attitude towards life; (3) Sound personality and good personality characteristics; (4) Strong adaptability and activity ability; (5) Have a harmonious interpersonal relationship. Some experts in educational psychology believe that the standards of teachers' mental health are: (1) recognizing the role of teachers, being diligent in education and loving education; (2) Have a harmonious interpersonal relationship; (3) Being able to know yourself correctly, experience self-control and have a high sense of self-efficacy; (4) having the originality of education; (5) We can attach importance to feelings and control them properly in educational activities and daily life. It is also believed that teachers' mental health standards should be: (1) healthy personality; (2) Good teachers' morality; (3) emotional stability; (4) Good self-awareness; (5) Strong will quality; (6) Correct outlook on life and values. According to related reports, 300 teachers from five primary schools were randomly selected in Hangzhou, and the subjects were asked to list the characteristics of mental health teachers as much as possible according to their own understanding. After the questionnaire is collected, the 30 main features with the highest frequency and the strongest representation are sorted according to the frequency of each feature, and then teachers are asked to rate the importance of these features. As a result, the characteristics of the top two are: responsibility, love and good moral quality; Work conscientiously and practically, treat people objectively and fairly; Aggressive; Honest and trustworthy, good interpersonal skills; Good cultural accomplishment and healthy mentality. Teachers in primary and secondary schools think that humor, broad interests and compassion are relatively unimportant. After analyzing these characteristics, they can be divided into the following categories: (1) characteristics related to moral quality, dedication, good moral quality, honesty and trustworthiness, and caring; (2) Characteristics related to interpersonal relationship, cheerful and optimistic, tolerant and easy-going, and good interpersonal relationship; (3) Material characteristics related to sense of responsibility, responsibility, objectivity and impartiality; (4) It is related to self-efficacy and emotion, with good adaptability, good self-regulation ability, self-confidence, objective and correct self-evaluation, calmness and rationality, perseverance, emotional stability and patience; (5) Creativity-related: imaginative, innovative and humorous, with a wide range of interests; (6) Related to work attitude and quality, proactive, dedicated, earnest and down-to-earth, with good cultural accomplishment.
2. Why do teachers have psychological problems?
Teachers' health problems are much more serious than people think. According to some data, about14 people in the general population have difficulties in emotional adaptation, while among teachers, the proportion is as high as 3/4.
According to relevant data, Hangzhou Institute of Education surveyed nearly 2,000 teachers in 39 schools in the urban area. It shows that 13% teachers have psychological barriers, and 76% teachers feel professional pressure, among which the pressure of male teachers is greater than that of female teachers.
A survey of more than 500 primary and secondary school teachers in Beijing shows that nearly 60% of them feel that they are more worried than happy at work, and 70% of them sometimes can't help getting angry. There are many negative emotions among teachers, such as irritability and melancholy.
A random survey was conducted among 6 primary and secondary schools and some citizens in Shenyang, and the questionnaire 150 was found. The survey results show that 70% of teachers often suffer from insomnia because of psychological pressure. At the same time, among the 89 teachers surveyed, nearly 60% made it clear that they work more than 8 hours a day, 70% teachers think that their efforts are not proportional to their income, and 70.4% teachers are prone to insomnia. There are also a few teachers who often eat less, feel depressed, fidgety and can't help losing their temper.
Psychology shows that people's psychological problems are related to their stress. If people face more and more pressure, they will have stress disorder, anxiety and depression. Therefore, it is necessary to study people's mental health and understand people's stressors. The causes of teachers' psychological problems should be:
Constraints of teachers' professional characteristics. Teachers' labor has the characteristics of complexity, long-term and arduousness. They have to teach and educate people, and their work pressure is too great. Today, when quality education has not been really implemented, the education and teaching evaluation management system has been covered with a strong utilitarian color; The evaluation of recurrence angle is not important to people; Pay more attention to the result than the process; Pay more attention to scores than internal management. Various examinations, competitions, assessments and evaluations are frequent. A large number of homework corrections run at full capacity from 6 am to 9 pm every day, leaving teachers with little chance to breathe. However, even this piety. Educational management and social parents often take their children away from school, have bad conduct and have a low enrollment rate. Campus violence simply boils down to individual teachers. Teachers face all unfair treatment and comments with humiliation and heavy psychological pressure.
Teachers are overburdened, leading to job burnout. The heavy workload of teachers is the main reason for job burnout. Parents, students and all walks of life have higher and higher expectations of teachers, which inevitably brings great pressure to teachers, makes them work hard in the direction of "perfection", forms an extreme perfectionist concept, and also bears a heavy burden. Some teachers are overwhelmed and psychological fatigue arises spontaneously.
The influence of social environment. In recent years, although the social status of primary and secondary school teachers has improved, relatively speaking, their economic income is still at the middle and lower level. Compared with other professions in society, the social recognition and income return of teachers' profession are not high. This contrast and difference can easily make primary and secondary school teachers who work hard in the front line of teaching have a huge psychological balance.