1, clear water or mucus in the early stage of cold, purulent nose may appear in the later stage of cold.
2, chronic rhinitis: nasal mucus is mostly mucus nasal mucus. The number can be more or less. 3. Allergic rhinitis: watery stool, large amount, accompanied by sneezing and nasal itching, which can occur all year round or seasonally. Patients with allergic rhinitis can be accompanied by asthma, especially children.
4, chronic sinusitis, mostly mucus purulent secretions, bilateral or unilateral, accompanied by nasal congestion, dizziness, memory loss and so on. Odontogenic sinusitis should be considered in unilateral sinusitis.
5, nasal polyps can also appear clear water, infection can be accompanied by pus, nasal congestion, dizziness, memory loss and so on.
6, the child's secretion is relatively strong, if there is no other discomfort, it may be caused by cold air stimulating the nasal cavity, and no special treatment is needed. Unilateral nasal obstruction, bloody nose, may be caused by foreign bodies in the nasal cavity.
7, yellow watery secretions, to consider the possibility of cysts in the sinus, take X-ray or CT of the sinus.
8. Blood in the nose can refer to the common cause of nosebleeds.
9. Other causes include cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and atrophic rhinitis. The latter is mainly dry nasal scab, with thick nose, less and smelly.
As we all know, a cold can cause a runny nose. But why do some people often have runny noses after catching a cold? A runny nose during a cold is called acute rhinitis. At this time, the nasal mucosa is congested and swollen, and the secretion of glands increases, forming nasal mucus. At first, it was clear water-like, and it gradually became purulent after 3 ~ 5 days, and it could be cured after 1 ~ 2 weeks. If acute rhinitis recurs, and the nasal mucosa is congested, swollen or even thickened for a long time, it is chronic rhinitis and will often have a runny nose.
When there is a runny nose, let the child blow it out by himself. To have a correct way to blow your nose, hold down one nostril and gently blow your nose. At the same time, the nasal cavity should be unobstructed, otherwise the nasal mucus in the paranasal sinuses is not easy to blow out, and purulent nasal mucus can enter the paranasal sinuses or eustachian tube to cause otitis media.
Nasal drip of ephedrine and other vasoconstrictors can reduce nasal discharge, but patients with atrophic rhinitis should not use such drugs. When dropping the medicine, you should prevent the medicine from flowing into your mouth, because the child feels bitter and will not let the medicine drop again in the future. At the same time, in order to make the liquid medicine drip evenly into the nasal cavity without flowing out quickly, it is necessary to have a correct dripping posture. Paranasal sinusitis with excessive nasal discharge can be treated by transposition therapy or puncture and lavage in the hospital.
Now you know how to deal with children with runny noses.
Respondents added that there was a reason for catching a cold on 2009-08-30 2 1:32.
80% ~ 90% of colds are caused by viruses, and there are more than 200 viruses that can cause colds. 10% ~ 20% of colds are caused by bacteria. /kloc-Babies under 0/year old are more likely to catch a cold because their immune systems are immature.
A cold baby is very uncomfortable.
It is common for children to catch a cold five or six times a year. Typical symptoms of a cold include runny nose, stuffy nose, cough, sore throat, fatigue, loss of appetite and fever. /kloc-Babies under 0/year old often have fever (body temperature above 38℃), cough, red eyes, sore throat and runny nose when catching a cold. Babies with colds often lose their appetite. Babies within 6 months, because the nose is completely blocked and can't breathe, often have breastfeeding and breathing difficulties.
The duration of a cold
Generally, a cold lasts for 7 ~ 10 days, and sometimes the baby can last for about 2 weeks. Cough is often the latest symptom to disappear and often lasts for several weeks. Children who often play with older children usually catch a cold 6 ~ 10 times a year; Even my nose has been running all winter.
When do you need to see a doctor?
As soon as the baby has cold symptoms within 3 months, you should take him to see a doctor immediately.
For an older baby, if one of the following circumstances occurs, he should be taken to the hospital immediately:
The cold lasts for more than 5 days; Body temperature exceeds 39℃; Baby's ear hurts; Dyspnea; Persistent cough; Yellow-green, sticky nose.
Take care of a cold baby.
1, have a good rest
It is very important for a cold to have a good rest. Try to let your child sleep for a while, reduce outdoor activities appropriately, and don't make your baby too tired.
2. Take care of your baby's diet
Let your baby drink plenty of water. Enough water can make nasal secretions thinner and easier to clean. Let the baby eat more fruits and juices rich in vitamin C. It is said that chicken soup can relieve the symptoms of a cold, so let the baby drink some chicken soup. Eating dairy products as little as possible will increase the secretion of mucus. For babies with decreased appetite, mothers should prepare some digestible foods with good color, smell and taste.
3. Let the baby sleep more comfortably
If the baby's nose is blocked, you can put a towel or two under the baby's mattress. Raising your head slightly can relieve nasal congestion. Never let a baby under the age of two sleep directly on the pillow or put the pillow under the mattress, which may easily cause suffocation or cervical spine injury.
4. Blow your baby's nose
The baby is too young to blow his nose. The best way to make your baby breathe smoothly is to help your baby blow his nose. You can apply a little vaseline oil to the baby's external nostrils, which can often reduce the blockage of the nose; If the nose is sticky, you can try to use a nasal aspirator or twist a medical cotton ball into a stick to get it out. If nasal congestion has caused difficulties in breastfeeding, nasal drops of normal saline can be used 15 minutes before breastfeeding. After a while, use a nasal aspirator to suck out the saline and mucus in the nasal cavity, and the baby's nose will be unobstructed.
Step 5 keep the air moist
You can use a humidifier to increase the humidity in your baby's room, especially at night, which can help your baby breathe more smoothly. Don't forget to clean the humidifier with white vinegar and water every day to avoid the accumulation of dust and germs.
6. Give the baby a steam bath.
Take the baby to the bathroom, turn on the hot water or shower, close the door, and let the baby stay in the house full of steam 15 minutes. The baby's nasal congestion will be greatly improved. Don't forget to put the baby in dry clothes immediately after taking a shower. If you let your baby play in lukewarm water for a while, it can also relieve the symptoms of nasal congestion and lower the body temperature.
Special instructions:
If the baby has no other symptoms except nasal congestion, you need to take the baby to the otolaryngology department for nasal examination. Maybe you don't know: even very young babies can put things into their noses.
Prevention of influenza in children by combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine
Influenza, referred to as influenza, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by epidemic virus. Children are prone to influenza, infants aged 6 months to 3 years are at high risk of influenza, and children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years are at high risk of influenza. The infection rate can reach more than 50%, which is 1.5 ~ 3 times higher than that of adults. The clinical symptoms of elderly children suffering from influenza are similar to those of adults, with sudden onset and obvious systemic symptoms, including persistent high fever, headache, chills, limb muscle aches and fatigue, followed by respiratory catarrh symptoms, such as sore throat, runny nose, tears and cough. The clinical symptoms of influenza in infants are usually atypical. Some children suddenly have high fever with symptoms of systemic poisoning, or with digestive tract symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea, which can be seen as febrile convulsions. Some children may present with acute laryngitis, trachea and bronchitis, hoarseness, barking and coughing, wheezing, sputum in the pharynx, and severe airway obstruction. Children's influenza is easy to cause many complications. The invasion of influenza virus into the upper respiratory tract can cause otitis media, sinusitis and mumps. Invasion of the lower respiratory tract can lead to pneumonia. In addition, influenza can be complicated with encephalitis, or encephalopathy with visceral steatosis, and can also induce bronchial asthma and myocarditis.
Prevention of influenza in children by combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine
It is very important to carry out prevention during influenza epidemic, including general preventive measures, vaccine prevention and drug prevention.
(1) General prevention: strengthen children's physical exercise, increase nutrition, pay attention to hygiene, maintain good ventilation indoors and avoid taking children to crowded public places. Attention should be paid to timely treatment and isolation of children with influenza. Generally, the fever should be isolated, with an average of about a week. Especially within 3 days before the onset of influenza, it is the most contagious, so we should pay attention to disinfection measures.
(2) Vaccination: According to international regulations, the main components of influenza vaccine should include three influenza virus strains, namely A 3 strain, A/KLOC-0 strain and B strain ... These three virus strains are replaced every year according to the recommendation of the World Health Organization, and the selection of virus strains is carried out by the World Health Organization. At present, a global influenza surveillance network has been established in 1 10 countries, collecting and analyzing information every year, and announcing and recommending vaccine manufacturers to the world at the special meeting in February every year. Children are the main vaccination targets of influenza vaccine, and it is best to vaccinate before the arrival of epidemic season 1 month. Children over 3 years old only need to be vaccinated once, with a dose of 0.5 ml; Under 3 years old, you need to be vaccinated twice, 0.25 ml each time.
(3) Drug prevention: At present, there are two effective drugs in western medicine, namely M2 membrane protein channel blockers and neuraminidase inhibitors, which have good curative effects, among which oseltamivir and zanamivir are listed, emphasizing early administration within 36 ~ 48 hours after onset. Taking drugs can prevent influenza attacks in people who are in close contact with influenza.
Traditional Chinese medicine also has a good effect on preventing influenza. Summing up the previous prevention and treatment experience, the pediatrics department of our hospital has made a mature treatment plan through the joint efforts of several generations. Among them, Fuzheng 1 No.2 powder is effective in preventing influenza and recurrent respiratory infections. Influenza anti-immune mixture and Qingjie antipyretic mixture have achieved satisfactory results in the treatment of influenza in children.
Three coups of traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat children's colds
Cold is a common disease in children.
What we usually call upper respiratory tract infection is also called "cold" and "wind chill" in Chinese medicine. It is a common disease in childhood. Some babies can catch a cold many times a year. The baby is in pain and the mother is in a hurry. Colds can occur all year round, especially in winter and spring, and are often related to climate change. Generally speaking, most colds can be cured quickly after treatment. However, if the baby is in poor health, seriously ill or not treated in time, it may be complicated with acute bronchitis, pneumonia, viral myocarditis and other diseases. They will affect the baby's growth and physical and mental health, and in severe cases will be life-threatening.
What is the pathogen that causes colds?
90% of colds are caused by viruses. When the body's resistance is low, viruses and bacteria will take advantage of it and make the baby sick. Why does the baby catch a cold easily? This is determined by the child's own physiological characteristics. Children have delicate viscera, imperfect immune system, poor disease resistance, unable to adjust themselves in cold and warm, lively and active, and often play full head and sweat. Once you are quiet, it is easy to catch a cold. If the disease is not treated in time, serious complications will soon appear.
* What does the baby have after catching a cold?
After the baby is infected, most of the symptoms are runny nose, sneezing, stuffy nose and cough. Some babies open their mouths to breathe because of nasal congestion or being stimulated to cry; Older babies complain of sore throats. Often accompanied by fever, the body temperature can be as high as 39℃-40℃, and some babies will twitch due to fever, or have symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain and vomiting. Generally speaking, if the treatment is timely and the care is proper, it can be cured in 3-5 days.
* A great way to treat a cold at home
After the baby has a cold, if the symptoms are not serious and there is no fever, you can consult a doctor at home according to the symptoms and manifestations, and take some Chinese patent medicines as appropriate under the guidance of a doctor:
Coup 1 taking Chinese patent medicine
1. Wind-cold cold: It is often characterized by mild fever, no sweating, fear of cold, and likes to let mommy hold it in her arms. At the same time, the baby has a runny nose, coughing bursts, thin phlegm and easy cough, and a thin white tongue coating. Drugs such as Xiaoer Ganmao Granules, Afternoon Tea and Chai Fang Granules can be used, and the dosage is as prescribed by the doctor.
2. Wind-heat cold: frequent high fever, excessive sweating, red lips, dry throat, stuffy nose with yellow nose, heavy and turbid cough, little phlegm and yellow greasy tongue coating. You can use children's heat-clearing and detoxification oral liquid, Banlangen granules and other drugs, and the dosage is in accordance with the doctor's advice.
Coup 2: Implementing the massage method of traditional Chinese medicine
Fever: clear water. Push Tianzhu bone 200 times each and knead Tianxin 30-50 times.
Nasal congestion: rubbing incense. Wipe your nose 100 times.
Cough: Squeeze the process 30 times, push down the middle of the stomach, and rub Shu Fei 50- 100 times each.
Coup 3: Use family therapy.
1. Coriander root and onion root each 15g. After frying, add a proper amount of rock sugar instead of tea.
2. 20 grams of cabbage root, 3 slices of ginger and 60 grams of brown sugar are boiled and drunk together.
3. Fresh reed root 30g, boiled water instead of tea.
4. Babies with cough and phlegm can drink boiled pear water.
* Prevention of colds
1. Pay attention to your baby's cold-resistant exercise and improve your resistance. It's a little cold, so don't rush to dress the children in thick clothes. The baby is lively and active by nature, and the amount of exercise is obviously higher than that of adults. If you wear too much, your baby will sweat when you are active. Once quiet, wet underwear and open sweat pores make the baby very easy to catch cold. Whether the baby needs to add clothes can be judged by the mother touching the baby's hands and feet to keep warm.
2. Keep the indoor air fresh and the humidity appropriate. Don't take your baby to an environment with dirty air and mixed people.
3. Family members or people who take care of the baby, once someone is infected with the disease, stop touching the baby immediately. If it can't be isolated, patients must wear masks and wash their hands frequently to prevent infection to their babies.
For a cold baby, proper care is very important. First of all, we must ensure the baby's rest, and don't let the baby jump and play. Adequate rest can shorten the course of disease and reduce complications.
5. When the baby has a fever, drink more boiled water, eat more fruits and vegetables, keep the stool unobstructed and the urine volume normal. Diet should be light and easy to digest. After sweating every time, the baby's soaked underwear should be replaced in time.
Massage skills for preventing and treating colds (photos)
Everyone has caught a cold, and the light one has a stuffy nose and a headache; In the worst case, I'm afraid of the cold, have a fever and feel bored. Due to the high incidence rate, other diseases may be complicated, which must be paid enough attention to. Massage can not only prevent colds, but also treat them.
Prevention:
1. Rub Xiang Ying: Before getting up in the morning or going to bed at night, rub the thenar of both hands (where the muscles on the palm of the thumb are rich) at Xiang Ying points on both sides of the nose for 200 times repeatedly.
2. Bath surface: Take the sitting position or supine position, and rub the palm root up and down on the face 100 times.
3. Mobaihui point: Sit down, cover Baihui point in the center of the head with your palm, and knead it slowly for about 2 minutes.
4. Kneading Yongquan point: Take a sitting position and knead thenar at Yongquan point of the foot (where the palmar muscles of the little finger are rich), 1 min.
Massage skills for preventing and treating colds (photos)
Treatment:
1. Rubbing Fengchi point: Sit down, hold your head with both hands, and rub it with your thumb at Fengchi point at the back of your neck to make the acid swell all over your body, and operate for 2 minutes.
2. It is good to pat the shoulder: take the seat, and others hold the fullness of the shoulder muscles with both hands, so it is appropriate to have a feeling of soreness all over the body.
Massage skills for preventing and treating colds (photos)
3. Back rubbing: Take the sitting position, and slowly rub the palms on both sides of the spine from top to bottom, resulting in heat sensation, about 2 minutes.
4. Knead Dazhui point: Take a sitting position, slightly bow your head, and use your middle finger to forcibly rub the Dazhui point behind your neck (the highest point where the cervical vertebra protrudes when you bow your head) until your skin is red, about 2 minutes.
Five foods for preventing and treating infants' colds
● Breast milk. Breast milk is not only the best food for children's physical and intellectual development. It also has the effect of preventing colds.
● Food pediatricians rich in vitamin A suggest that the lack of VA in children in winter and spring is a major cause of respiratory infections.
Foods rich in vitamin A include carrots, amaranth, spinach, pumpkins, red and yellow fruits, animal livers and milk. When necessary, the VA preparation can be taken orally, with daily dosage of 1500-3000 units for infants and 3000-5000 units for children.
● Foods rich in zinc. Zinc is the bane of many viruses. Eating more foods rich in zinc during the high-incidence season of colds helps the body to resist cold viruses, because it can directly inhibit the reproduction of viruses.
Meat, seafood and poultry have the highest zinc content. In addition, all kinds of beans, hard fruits and seeds are also good zinc-containing foods to choose from.
● Vitamin C-rich food VC can indirectly promote antibody synthesis and enhance immunity.
All kinds of fresh green leafy vegetables and fruits are good foods to supplement VC.
● Foods rich in iron. Iron deficiency in the body will damage the production of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, reduce the immune function, and it is difficult to fight the cold virus.
Generally speaking, the absorption and utilization rate of iron in animal food is three times that of plant food. Iron in animal food, called heme iron, can be obtained from liver, pork, beef, oysters, mussels and so on. Usually, the redder the color, the higher the iron content. Moreover, when iron is absorbed and utilized in the small intestine, it is not easily influenced by other foods. "Eating a kind of lean meat and red meat every day can supplement iron." Xiao Ningxin further pointed out that in fact, as long as ordinary people eat a kind of lean meat and red meat every day, they can supplement iron without consuming too much fat. Iron in plant foods is called non-heme iron. Such as spinach, sweet potato leaves and other dark green vegetables, as well as China sorghum, soybeans, red beans and other beans. Generally, the darker the color, the higher the iron content. "Apples and raisins are dark in color, and the iron content is not necessarily high." In addition, it should be specially reminded that most people often think that apples and raisins are rich in iron. In fact, every100g of apple or raisin contains less than 0.5 mg of iron, which is not an excellent source of iron. Factors that promote iron absorption supplement iron. In addition to choosing foods with high iron absorption rate, you should also try to use vitamin C to promote iron absorption when eating, or cook in an iron pot.
Dietary therapy for children's colds
Children catch a cold because taking medicine has certain side effects, and it is also a difficult problem to give medicine to children. Diet therapy can have satisfactory results. The causes and symptoms of colds are complex and changeable, so different measures should be taken according to different situations, with different treatment prescriptions. Here is the introduction:
1. Cold and common cold
You can add 5 knots of scallion, 3 slices of ginger and 30 grams of brown sugar to hot porridge or hot soup and cook for 10 minute. After taking it while it is hot, cover it with sweat. It is not advisable to eat more raw and cold foods: such as persimmons, crabs, chicken, duck, pork, bananas, watermelons, etc.
2. Wind-heat cold
20g of honeysuckle, 20g of chrysanthemum, 10g of mint 10g, and 30g of honey are boiled, and eaten after10min. It is not advisable to eat more foods that warm and replenish qi and blood, such as longan, jujube, litchi, mutton, sea cucumber and turtle.
3. Wet and cold in summer
20g of white lentils, 50g of Elsholtzia15g, decocted in water for 20min, taken orally, three times a day. You can also drink watermelon juice with tomato juice. Foods that should not be eaten more: you can't use ginger, onion, brown sugar and other foods, as well as cold and greasy foods that are not easy to digest.
Principles and requirements of dietary treatment for colds
1, the diet should be light and soft: because the spleen and stomach function of patients with cold is often affected, light and soft food is easy to digest and absorb, which can reduce the burden on the spleen and stomach. Therefore, it is advisable to eat liquid or liquid diets such as white rice porridge, milk, corn flour porridge, rice soup, rotten noodles, egg soup, lotus root paste and almond paste.
2, should drink more boiled water: people with colds often have a fever and sweat, and the body loses more water. Drinking more water can improve blood circulation, accelerate the excretion of metabolic waste in the body, and make the body temperature distributed in time. Therefore, it is better for cold patients without stomach problems to drink light green tea. Tea has a good diuretic effect, has the effect of sweating and strengthening the stomach, and can also clear the fire.
3, you should eat more fruits and vegetables: vegetables and fruits can promote appetite, help digestion, supplement a lot of vitamins and various trace elements needed by the human body, and supplement the lack of energy caused by cold and loss of appetite. If you have a cold, you can eat more ginger, onion and coriander. If it is a wind-heat cold, eat more rape, amaranth, water spinach and so on. If you catch a cold due to dampness in summer, you should eat more water bamboo, watermelon, wax gourd, loofah and cucumber. When the pathogenic heat is mild, you should eat more tomatoes, lotus roots, oranges, apples, apricots, loquats, sugar cane and water chestnuts.
4. Improper taboos: Like drugs, food has the attributes of "four qi" and "five flavors". Choose different foods for different types of colds. If you eat casually, improper diet is not only bad for colds, but also makes them difficult to treat. For example, cold fruits and cold drinks should not be eaten because of wind and cold, which will contract mucous membranes and blood vessels and aggravate symptoms such as stuffy nose and sore throat. During the fever period of wind-heat cold, avoid greasy food, meat and sweets. Because these foods hinder the transportation of the spleen and stomach, cough and expectoration are all caused by phlegm dampness, which is not good for people who have a cold and spleen and stomach weakness. Therefore, big fish and big meat, glutinous rice sweets, fried cakes and so on. Should not be taken; In the recovery period of wind-heat cold, it is not advisable to eat spicy and hot foods such as pepper, dog meat and mutton, so as not to hurt the body fluid and help the fire to produce phlegm. Summer-wet and cold, in addition to avoiding fat, but also avoiding salty foods such as pickles and salted fish. Because too salty and wet sputum stimulates the trachea and causes cough, which is not conducive to the recovery of a cold.
5, avoid drinking and strong tea: wine, especially high-alcohol liquor, can make the whole body blood vessels dilate, excite the brain center, affect sleep, cause headaches, and reduce disease resistance.
Supplement several cold food therapies:
1, mung bean 30g is ground, tea 10g is put into a cloth bag, a large bowl of water is added, the tea bag is taken out from a half bowl, and a proper amount of brown sugar is added, which has the effect of clearing away heat and relieving exterior syndrome.
2, 50 grams of Malantou, 50 grams of honeysuckle, licorice 10 grams, a bowl of water, the decoction method is 3 to 4 times a day. Treat wind-heat cold such as fever, chest tightness, dizziness, fatigue and short urine.
3, garlic, ginger each 15 grams, sliced with a bowl of water, fried to half a bowl, take it once before going to bed. When taking it, add appropriate amount of brown sugar to treat cold and cold.
4. Wash and chop 60 grams of scallion, add three glasses of water, stir-fry until two cups, drink one while it is hot, and heat it for half an hour. It can cure wind-cold colds such as evil wind, fever and nasal cold.
5, a radish, 6~7 green olives, boiled water instead of tea. Specially treat dry nose and mouth, fever and runny nose, sore throat, thirst and cold.