First, the origin and development of Bama Xiang pig
(1) Source
Bama Xiang pig comes from a local pig. It is said that it is domesticated by wild boar, and people call it "wax gourd pig", "banana pig" or "double-headed black pig". Because of its crisp bones and tender meat, it was called "Xiang Pig", and it was officially named "Bama Xiang Pig" on 1982 when the Guangxi Livestock and Poultry Breed was published. In the past, due to the traffic information occlusion and the feudal idea of "not borrowing seeds", the masses have always adopted a closed breeding method of keeping offspring and mating mothers for high inbreeding. After hundreds of years, they finally created such an excellent variety with homozygous genes and unique appearance. At the same time, due to long-term natural selection, a large number of harmful genes were gradually eliminated, achieving their stable genetic performance and putting an end to stillbirth and malformation. Because Bama Xiang pig is still a wild and early-maturing variety, in today's production practice, people still adopt local hybridization and inbreeding to a certain extent to maintain its unique shape, appearance, yield and meat quality.
(2) Development status quo
Since the 1970s, with the continuous improvement of traffic and information conditions, as well as the change of people's requirements for pig products and output, the fragrant pig market has not been developed in time, which led to the people gradually giving up the breeding of Bama Xiang pigs and introducing large and fast-growing exotic pig breeds, which led to the increasingly serious pedigree confusion of Bama Xiang pigs, which interfered with the genetic information of Bama Xiang pigs to a great extent, and the gene expression also changed, and the pure-bred resources of Bama Xiang pigs were seriously damaged. Fortunately, 198 1 established the original seed farm of Guangxi Bama Xiang pig to protect the variety resources. After persisting in the work of seed conservation, purification and rejuvenation, the variety resources have been preserved to this day.
In recent years, with the autonomous county party committee and government attaching great importance to Bama Xiang pig production and the improvement of people's living standards, Bama Xiang pig conforms to the trend of people's pursuit of nutrition, health care and longevity. Since it was awarded as "the hometown of fragrant pigs in China", a series of measures have been taken, such as the establishment of autonomous county leading group for the development of fragrant pigs and Bama Association for the production and management of fragrant pigs, the preservation of living species and the establishment of commercial fragrant pigs production bases. Finally, the endangered Bama Xiang pig has been preserved, and the breeding scale has begun to take shape: Guangxi Bama Xiang pig original seed farm was founded in 198 1, which is an institution with the main purpose of species protection and has now become a national local variety resource protection farm. The farm has developed from a very difficult pure breed conservation to the largest and only Bama Xiang pig breeding farm in Guangxi at present, and has obtained the license for breeding livestock and poultry issued by the provincial animal husbandry administrative department; Covering an area of 27,000 square meters, it has reached the annual production capacity of providing 3,000 qualified breeding pigs. Today, there are more than 4,600 fertile sows in the county for commodity production. Through strengthening management, more than 70 thousand qualified commercial Xiang pigs can be produced every year. In the next five years, according to the overall plan, our county will make full use of science and technology support funds, introduce foreign capital, develop and expand Bama Xiang pig characteristic industry, and achieve the goal of annual output of 600,000 pigs.
2. The appearance characteristics and meat nutrition characteristics of Bama Xiang pig.
Bama Xiang pig is handsome in appearance, short, small, round and precocious. Appearance and color characteristics are mainly black at both ends and white in the middle. Some individuals have slightly dark spots on their backs and waists, and white lines or inverted triangular white spots on their foreheads, commonly known as "two black heads" and "banana pigs". Piglet's fur is thin and shiny, and its skin is rosy and delicate. Adult pigs have long fur, especially boars, whose fur and mouth are as thick as those of wild boar. Bama Xiang pig has strong resistance to roughage, strong adaptability and strong disease resistance; Sexual maturity is 99- 127 days (boars can secrete gonads and produce sperm on 16 days at the earliest, generally 26-50 days), and the sexual maturity weight of sows is 14-2 1 kg; Adults weigh 35-45 kg. The slaughter rate of 8- 10 kg piglets is 6 1%, the proportion of hind legs is 28.47%, the carcass lean meat rate is 59.36%, and the eye muscle area is 5.74cm2. The sows give birth to two babies a year, with an average of 1 1.5 per fetus, and the weaning rate is over 95%.
Meat quality characteristics: thin skin and fine meat, lean meat in the carcass, bright red muscles, tender muscle fibers and white fat.
Meat flavor characteristics: sweet and delicious, nutritious, fragrant when cooking, without adding any seasoning, especially unique, suckling pigs are slaughtered at any age during lactation, and there is no smell such as milk smell.
Nutritional characteristics: the protein content of its meat is as high as 2 1.8%, which is higher than that of ordinary pigs (31.1%-70%); The fat is low, accounting for only 18.86%-28. 10% of that of ordinary pigs, and the calorie is also low, accounting for 60.85%-76. 1% of that of ordinary pigs. The content and proportion of calcium and phosphorus are almost the same as those of eggs; Bama Xiang pork is rich in nutrients, amino acids and trace elements necessary for human body, and its content is generally higher than that of ordinary pigs, among which the content of glutamic acid is 226% of that of ordinary pigs. What's more unique is that Bamaxiang pork contains a special substance rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which has various pharmacological properties, can increase anti-inflammatory substances synthesized by vascular endothelial cells, reduce thromboxane A2 formed by platelets, and prevent thrombosis. It has strong vasodilatory activity, has special effects on beauty and health care, and has a unique effect on preventing cardiovascular diseases. It is very suitable for making food for the elderly and fully meets the physiological and health needs of human body. Therefore, it became a royal tribute as early as the Song Dynasty, and now it has a very broad prospect as the development of food for the elderly.
In addition, Bama Xiang pig is one of the smallest original breeds in the world, which can be widely used in the medical field and developed as detective animals and pets.