The skills of "three decisions", "four thoughts" and "five borrowing" in improvisation.
Three "fixings": fixed topic, fixed viewpoint and fixed framework.
Identify a topic-first, find the topic you want to express. Because the topics in life are too wide, you should choose what you want to say, what the audience wants to hear, what you can say and what social life needs. In Farewell to Carnegie, I wrote 80 topics, which are often used in our daily life. Therefore, I ask our students to carefully prepare these 80 topics one by one, so that they can be believed on many occasions.
Put forward an argument-after finding the topic, the three key points of impromptu speech are to learn to quickly find an argument you want to talk about in the topic. Argument is the core of a speech, and a clear point of view can influence others to leave a deep impression on them. If the viewpoint is outdated or reactionary, then the theme of nature is wrong, and it is useless to speak it well. Of course, different angles have different words. As the saying goes, it is best to learn to explain your point of view from different angles.
Frame setting determines the structure of the speech. There are many frame models. We talked about many frameworks in eloquence training, such as: phenomenon analysis framework, activity planning framework, Richard four-step framework and so on.
There are two common patterns:
Cut to the chase: also known as the pyramid. The method is: first show the theme, and then make a more detailed demonstration and analysis of the theme.
Inverted pyramid. The method is as follows: firstly, take 123 as an example, summarize a main point through the case, and then explain the reasons, demonstrate and analyze.
Four "thinking": reverse thinking, deep thinking, divergent thinking and comprehensive thinking.
Reverse thinking refers to thinking in the opposite direction, that is, opposing traditional views and putting forward opposite or opposing views. This is a thinking mode that bounces back to the pipa style, which obviously shows the spirit of criticizing the tradition, but it should be noted that the views must be well-founded and reasonable.
Deep thinking: from trivial matters that ordinary people think are not worth talking about, or conclusions that need no further discussion, find the deeper essence of things covered by phenomena, that is, "seeing the essence through phenomena"
The three key points of impromptu speech are divergent thinking: it produces a variety of answers from the same question and finds a variety of correct ways to deal with the problem. Its characteristics are multifunction, flexibility, exquisiteness and novelty.
Comprehensive thinking training: it is the comprehensive application of the first three kinds of thinking. In fact, when we think about problems, we usually use all kinds of thinking together.
Five borrowing: borrowing topics, people, things, things and scenery.
There are many things borrowed, and "five loans" is a general term. It requires the speaker to be good at observing the scene and obtaining information. For example, we can borrow a word to write an article, and make full use of it at the beginning.
Question 2: Talk about your own advantages. Impromptu speech 1, I am very cheerful, especially like to make friends, and it is easy to get along with everyone;
2, I speak humorously, and everyone will not feel bored and will be very happy when I am with you;
Question 3: What is the difference between impromptu speech and propositional speech, and what is the difference in emphasis? 1. Propositional speech, that is, the speech made by others after preparing the topic or scope of speech. It includes two forms: full-proposition speech and semi-proposition speech. The topic of a full-proposition speech is generally determined by the speech organization department. A unit held a keynote speech on "Let Lei Feng's spirit shine in his post". In order to make the speakers focus on each other, three themes were drawn up, namely, sending love to every customer's heart, practicing skills and serving the people, starting from bit by bit, and asking three speakers to sort out materials and prepare speeches. Semi-propositional speech refers to the speech made by the speaker according to the scope defined by the organizational unit of speech activities. 1986, CCTV and Speech and Eloquence magazine jointly held the "Ten Cities Youth Speech Invitational Tournament", with the theme of "Four Educations", and the specific topics were drawn up by themselves. The characteristics of proposition speech are: clear theme, strong pertinence, stable content and complete structure.
2, impromptu speech, that is, the speaker made an impromptu speech on the scene, situation, things and characters in front of him without prior preparation. Such as wedding speech, welcome speech, funeral mourning, party speech, etc. Its characteristics are: strong sense of time, environment and short space. It requires that the speech should stick to the theme, grasp the source, combine quickly and be concise.
Question 4: What problems should we pay attention to in impromptu speech? Impromptu speech and personal temperament.
[b] An impromptu speech refers to a speech in which the speaker talks about the immediate scene and situation without preparation in advance [/b]. The impromptu speech of things and people. So it has a strong sense of context, so it is closely related to the temperament type of the speaker. In order to succeed in impromptu speech, impromptu speakers should not only know their own temperament types, but also pay attention to the problems that should be paid attention to in impromptu speech.
[b] 1。 Emotion and temperament type A speech cannot be separated from emotion, and a speech without emotion or indifference can only be pale and powerless. [b] An impromptu speaker should properly express his true feelings in his speech. Hot-blooded impromptu speakers are good at expressing their feelings in their speeches, and they are often passionate, tearful, or earnest. They need to pay attention to the appropriateness and appropriateness of emotional expression. This bold impromptu speaker is passionate, quick and intense, but lacks stability. Persistence is sometimes emotional, so we should pay attention to training ourselves to express the persistence of emotions according to the specific situation and in the same tone. The impromptu speaker's emotions are not easily exposed, so his feelings are not fully expressed and lack of change. We should fully express his inner feelings on the basis of moving the true feelings and explore the variability and appeal of emotional expression. The repressed impromptu speaker's emotions are not easily exposed. When speaking, we should pay attention to boldly expressing our true feelings in line with the speech scene, without being coy and stage fright, and strive to appear in front of the audience with a perceptual image.
[b] Types of language and temperament. [b] Language is the exchange of ideas between people. Express your feelings. A tool to convey information, and speech is the art of language. Therefore, we should not only study the content of language, but also study the form of language. In oral English, the speed, tone and sound potential of bloody people are flexible, giving people a beautiful sense of music. But we should also be sharp and provocative, sometimes subtle and euphemistic, sometimes intense and high-profile, and sometimes calm and calm. A bold speaker has a fast and fierce speech, a high and unstable tone, and a heavy and dull voice. Therefore, we should pay attention to making the speech speed, tone and sound potential appropriate while satisfying the content. Sticky people should pay attention to making the speech speed, tone and momentum less monotonous, and adjust the speech speed, tone and momentum according to the specific content to make it flexible. Patients with depression should pay attention not to speak too slowly, use more tones appropriately, and be louder and not lower. As another form of language, body language is an indispensable factor in speech. Our application principle of body language is "deliberate training under the stage and listening to nature on the stage". Because if you try to figure it out carefully on the stage, it is artificial and can't achieve the expected effect. When using body language, hot-blooded speakers should be careful not to be greedy, and if they are greedy, they will abuse it, giving people a feeling that dancing is not solemn enough. Gestures in various situations should be carefully designed under the stage. Eyes. Facial expressions and movements. Bold speakers should pay attention to the appropriateness and scope of using situational language. Frequency of use. The application scope should be appropriately increased. A mucilage speaker should pay attention to adding something that conforms to the content of the speech. Situational language is used to assist audio language, so as not to give people a monotonous feeling. Only with a sense of repetition can we achieve the success of impromptu speech. Depressed speakers should be bold when using body language, don't shrink back, dare to use it and be good at using it, so that their performance on the stage will be generous and natural.
[b] 3。 Control ability and temperament type. [/b] On the podium, the ability to control the field directly determines the content expression of the speech. Style embodiment and the exertion of the speaker's level. Unprepared impromptu speeches put forward higher requirements for the speaker's ability to control the field. Generally speaking, a bloody speaker has good field control ability, good quality to attract the attention of the audience, good self-image and artistic sense of speech. A grumpy speaker can also notice the reaction of the audience because of his high sensitivity. Attract the attention of the audience, but it is difficult to shape the self-image. When making an impromptu speech, the mucus speaker should pay attention to surprise and not go out of line in attracting the audience's attention. Depressed speakers need to exercise their ability to attract the attention of the audience and dare to express themselves.
[b] Fourth, adaptability and temperament type. [/b] The so-called contingency refers to the speaker's keen, timely and accurate response to the obstacles and interference caused by subjective and objective emergencies and unexpected situations in the whole process of speaking, and taking effective measures to eliminate them quickly, skillfully and decisively ..... >>
Question 5: How to prepare an impromptu speech. Impromptu speech contests can be roughly divided into two types. One is to give the speaker a wide range of content and a period of preparation time before the game, and then draw a topic to give a speech during the game. The other is that there is no content scope, just pick a topic after the speech begins, make a brief preparation and start the speech. The former shows the characteristics of fuzziness, while the latter shows the characteristics of presence. According to their respective characteristics, there are two preparation methods; Chen Fan in the Eastern Han Dynasty, because of his "masculinity", should sweep the world. The view of "a safe family" was criticized by Qin Xue as "how can we sweep the world without sweeping one family?" It is true that some people who achieve great things start with small things, but I think a house that is not cleaned may not be able to sweep the world. Qin Xue believes that if a person wants to achieve something, he should first start with such a small thing as "cleaning the house": But if a good man has ambitions in all directions, how can he be trapped by the house and the hospital? A person only pays attention to the trivial things around him and spends most of his time on it, but he has no lofty ideal of achieving his career and strives for it. It is impossible to achieve anything. On the contrary, if you have the ambition to achieve great things and work hard for them, even if you don't do such a small thing as "cleaning the house", what is the harm? Therefore, it is not necessarily wrong for Fan Chen to aim at "sweeping the world" instead of "sweeping a house". Liu Yuxi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in My Humble Room Inscription: "The moss on the upper stage is green, and the grass on the curtain is green." Moss has grown on the steps in front of his house and will soon enter the room. He didn't "sweep" it, but he still talked and laughed with the scholars, learned from each other, learned from each other's strengths, and devoted himself to creation, and finally became a world-famous poet. In order to study ancient books, Mr. Wen Yiduo lived in poverty and had messy hair. But he was too lazy to sort it out, and finally wrote "Tang Poetry Essays" with a strange name. For another example, the courage of soldiers in important battles is indispensable, but the correct command of commanders often plays a decisive role. If every commander has to do such a small thing as washing water himself and spend all his time on small things, how can he have time to study the battle plan? Therefore, sometimes we don't do small things unless we have to do them. * * * The chairman often lets others light a cigarette. Can you say that he cannot sweep the world? I'm not saying that the person who cleans the house is wrong, but that we shouldn't be bothered by trivial things. It would be a pity if we waste precious time on trifles. On the contrary, we should set great ambitions to realize our cause and strive for it with all our strength, so that we can achieve great cause. Make greater contributions to society and people, in this sense, even if a house is not swept. Sweeping the world is not necessarily impossible. We can often see a phenomenon that some people only care about smoking, regardless of the feelings of non-smokers around them, even for meetings, performances and group activities of hundreds of people, in the carriages of public transport, in theaters where songs and dances are performed, in karaoke halls, in luxury hotels and even in public places such as office buildings and conference rooms. When attending a large conference or gathering of friends, you will see a "smoky atmosphere" in the conference hall or dining room box. I didn't eat well, but I smelled of "second-hand smoke". There is no doubt that "secondhand smoke" is one of the "killers" of people's health. In major hospitals, half of patients suffering from lung disease or even lung cancer are non-smokers, that is, victims of passive acceptance of "second-hand smoke". Therefore, in order to reduce second-hand smoke and ensure the safety and hygiene of public environment, smoking ban in public places is undoubtedly the best way. On a global scale, banning smoking in public places is also the most widely used smoking ban measure in all countries. At present, more than 130 countries have ratified the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and all countries that have signed the Convention will issue smoking bans as required. China signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control on June 5438+065438+ 10, 2003 and ratified it in the NPC Standing Committee, China in August 2005. China will further improve relevant laws and regulations and strictly restrict smoking in public places according to the relevant provisions of the Convention. Smoking ban, especially in public places, is an important part of public health and one of the manifestations of a city's civilization. From the perspective of modern protection of individual rights, smoking ban in public places needs to be promoted urgently. A research report recently published by the staff of the American Academy of Medical Sciences pointed out that passive smokers are more dangerous than smokers, and some women who live with smokers. & gt
Question 6: How to make an impromptu speech? You must delay the time as much as possible in some way so that you can prepare for the text/(Germany) Peter? r？ Paros's impromptu speech is of great significance in both personal life and career. On these occasions, things often break out and you don't have enough time to prepare. But if you follow the following rules and methods, your speech will be better than others because this is a unique book. Impromptu speeches include farewell, inauguration (for yourself or others), awarding honors, inauguration, anniversary celebration, speeches within the party, etc. The four golden rules of impromptu speech For the speaker and audience, nothing is worse than an unprepared speech. If you can't prepare, then you should resolutely refuse to give a speech. You must delay as long as possible in some way, so that you can get ready. You'd better find a quiet place, or take the elevator instead of the elevator, or go back and get what you assumed you forgot to bring, which will waste time. First, be concise. This truth is well known, but people cannot always do it. In a broad sense, you can say, don't exceed three minutes. Second, be as personalized and humanized as possible. Only a unique and emotional speech can attract people's attention, but "don't say the people present, face them and talk to them!" " Be careful when telling jokes, because it is often aimed at a few or extreme situations; Third, don't start with a reason. If you start with the self-evident things, the audience will get bored. 4. Use direct speech and present tense, "Please imagine yourself now …" At the same time, try to use new, unfashionable and unknown quotes. Of course, it would be better if those famous sayings come from the positive comments of the audience or the historical past of the attendees and outstanding people. The framework of impromptu speech, like all speeches, consists of three parts: introduction, theme and ending. However, you can operate it in another way. Its structure is yesterday, today and tomorrow. Yesterday: Looking back, that is, "Yesterday", you can find the beginning of the speech here. The following questions will help you: When did something start? How to get this opportunity? How long have you been waiting for this? Can the situation at that time be foreseen? How do you know someone? In this way, you can go back to the past and make corresponding comments on an event in the past. Don't forget-this is a very suitable time, and using direct speech can make the speech more colorful. Today's part: Now your original motivation (business opening, promotion, anniversary celebration or similar reasons) for entering the speech. This part is usually very short. Compared with the past and the future, the present is only a short moment. Don't exaggerate when you talk to others. Even if your praise to that person is well-founded and reasonable, he will soon feel uncomfortable, unnatural and even embarrassed. Tomorrow section: In this section, you should look forward to the future in the near or long term. Generally speaking, make a wish at the end of a speech. However, how do you best express your wishes? You should build a bridge between the past and the future You should wish the future will be as smooth as some things you have experienced in the past, and hope it will continue smoothly. However, people here often make a fatal mistake and wish "everything goes well", which is useless. No one in this world can expect "all the best", which is unrealistic and impossible to achieve. Compared with this, expressing a specific wish will be more cordial and humane. You don't need to wish "everything", but it is very appropriate that you can reach a friendly contact with the wishing object by expressing your good wishes for this matter. In addition, expressing wishes should not be empty rhetoric, and you can't apply it mechanically to anyone at any time and place, otherwise it will violate the third rule mentioned above, "Be as personalized (unique) and humanized (emotional) as possible". If you can keep this basic rule in mind, then your blessing to the birthday girl will be the best, because it is a unique gift. However, once you transition from yesterday to today or tomorrow, you can't go back to today or yesterday, otherwise it will definitely disrupt the logic of the speech structure.
Question 7: How to make an impromptu speech? The three key points of impromptu speech are the ability to organize language quickly, which is actually a process of rapid creation and memory. This requires us to have keen observation ability, and then our minds can react quickly, grasp a certain feature on the spot to conceive, organize language quickly and explain themselves. So impromptu speech is the most difficult skill.
The skills of "three decisions", "four thoughts" and "five borrowing" in improvisation.
Three "fixings": fixed topic, fixed viewpoint and fixed framework.
Identify a topic-first, find the topic you want to express. Because there are too many topics in life, you should choose the topics you want to talk about, the topics that the audience wants to hear, the topics that you can talk about, and the topics that social life needs. In my Goodbye to Carnegie, I wrote eighty topics, which are often used in our daily life. Therefore, I ask our students to carefully prepare these 80 questions one by one, so that they can be handy in many occasions. The topic is related to the accumulation of personal knowledge, which needs to be accumulated seriously at ordinary times. Read more books, study more, practice more, communicate more, accumulate more, and there will be more natural topics.
Set an opinion-after finding the topic, the three key points of impromptu speech are to learn to quickly find an argument you want to talk about in the topic. Argument is the core of speech, and a clear point of view can influence others to leave a deep impression on them. If the viewpoint is outdated or reactionary, the theme of nature is wrong, and it is useless to speak it well. Of course, the angle is different, and the way of speaking is different. As the saying goes, it's best to learn to explain your point of view from different angles. Views should be clear and focused, and it is best to talk only a little about each topic.
Frame setting determines the structure of the speech. There are many frame models. We talked about many frameworks in eloquence training, such as: phenomenon analysis framework, activity planning framework, Richard four-step framework and so on.
There are two common patterns:
Cut to the chase: also known as the pyramid. The method is: first show the theme, and then make a more detailed demonstration and analysis of the theme.
Inverted pyramid. The method is as follows: take 123 as an example, summarize a main point through the case, then talk about the reasons and make an argument and analysis.
Four "thinking": reverse thinking, deep thinking, divergent thinking and comprehensive thinking.
Reverse thinking: it refers to thinking from the opposite direction, that is, opposing traditional views and putting forward opposite or opposing views. This is a way of thinking to rebound the pipa, which is obviously manifested in the spirit of criticizing the tradition, but it should be noted that the views must be well-founded and self-evident.
Deep thinking: from trivial matters that ordinary people think are not worth talking about, or conclusions that do not need further discussion, discover the deeper essence of things covered by phenomena. That is, "look at the essence through the phenomenon."
The three key points of impromptu speech are divergent thinking: producing a variety of answers from the same question and finding a variety of correct ways to deal with the problem. It is characterized by versatility, flexibility, exquisiteness and novelty.
Comprehensive thinking training: it is the comprehensive application of the first three kinds of thinking. In fact, when we think about problems, we usually use all kinds of thinking together.
Five borrowing: borrowing topics, people, things, things and scenery.
There are many things borrowed, and "five loans" is a general term. It requires the speaker to be good at observing the scene and obtaining information. For example, we can borrow a word to make a fuss, talk about things around it and make full use of it.
However, I suggest that you report to Carnegie eloquence training institution, and it is better to contact with your own situation.