(1) mouthwash. 0.25% chlortetracycline solution, 1: 5000 chlorhexidine solution, 1: 5000 potassium permanganate solution, 1: 5000 nitrofurazone solution, etc.
2 buccal tablets. Dumifen buccal tablets, lysozyme buccal tablets, chlorhexidine buccal tablets.
3 powder. Bingpeng Powder, Xilei Powder, Indigo Naturalis Powder, Yangyin Shengji Powder and Huanglian Powder are the main traditional Chinese medicines for treating oral ulcers. In addition, compound betamipine has the functions of diminishing inflammation, relieving pain and promoting ulcer healing.
④ Drug film. Its matrix contains antibiotics, cortisone and other drugs. When in use, the ulcer is dried first, and the medicine film close to the lesion area is cut off and stuck on the ulcer, which can relieve pain, protect the ulcer surface and promote healing.
⑤ painkillers. For example, 0.5% ~ 1% procaine solution, 0.5% ~ 1% dyclonine solution, and 0.5% ~ 1% tetracaine solution are applied to the ulcer surface for two consecutive times, and then food is taken after temporary analgesia.
⑥ cauterization. It is suitable for the elderly with few ulcers, small area and intermittent period. The method is to anesthetize the ulcer surface with 2% tetracaine, then dry the ulcer surface with water, and dip 10% silver nitrate solution or 50% tincture triacetate or iodophenol solution in the ulcer surface with a cotton ball smaller than the ulcer surface until the surface turns white. These drugs can precipitate protein on the ulcer surface to form a thin film, protect the ulcer surface and promote healing. During the operation, it should be noted that the liquid medicine should not be soaked too much, and the adjacent healthy tissues should not be burned.
⑦ Partially closed. It is suitable for periglandular aphtha. Add 1% procaine solution 1 ml of 2.5% acetic acid suspension 0.5 ~ 1 ml, and inject it into the lower tissue of the ulcer, twice a week, twice a week, and twice a week, which can accelerate the healing of the ulcer.
8 laser therapy. He-Ne laser irradiation can activate the process of mucosal regeneration, reduce inflammatory reaction and promote healing. During the treatment, the irradiation time is 30 seconds to 5 minutes, and it should not exceed 5 lesions at a time.
(2) Systematic therapy. Because the etiology is still unclear, the treatment effect is not ideal.
① Immunosuppressants. At present, it is considered that the disease is related to autoimmune diseases. In recent years, some cases have been treated with immunosuppressants. If the autoimmune disease can be diagnosed by examination, immunosuppressants have obvious curative effect. Commonly used drugs are adrenocortical hormone: prednisone 5mg per tablet, dexamethasone 0.75mg per tablet, 3-4 times a day, each time 1 tablet. After 5 days, the disease control decreased by 5- 10 mg per day, and the total course of treatment was 7- 10 days. If the course of treatment is long, antibiotics should be added to prevent the spread of infection. For severe Behcet's disease, hydrocortisone 100mg can be given after hospitalization, or dexamethasone 5mg and tetracycline 1g can be added to 5% ~ 10% glucose solution, and the amount can be gradually reduced after the condition improves.
Patients with gastric ulcer and diabetic active tuberculosis should be forbidden or used with caution.
② immunomodulators and enhancers.
Levamisole: used for people who need to enhance cellular immunity. Adults should take 50mg three times a day for 2 days, and stop taking drugs for 5 days, with 2-3 months as a course of treatment. Common side effects include headache, fatigue and joint pain. In a few cases, neutropenia may occur, and routine blood tests should be carried out regularly during treatment.
Gamma globulin: suitable for patients with decreased humoral immune function. Intramuscular injection 1 branch (3ml) in the acute stage of ulcer, and 3ml after 1 week if necessary, is not suitable for long-term use. Excessive use will lead to the inhibition of human immune response, which is called feedback inhibition.
Transfer factor: it can transfer immune function to non-immune body and restore its immune function. It is suitable for patients with decreased or defective cellular immune function. 1ml contains 5× 109 white blood cell extract, and is injected into the site with abundant lymphatic reflux, such as subcutaneous injection 1ml each time, 1 ~ 2 times a week, and 10 times is a course of treatment, generally a course of treatment.
Vitamins: Vitamins can maintain normal metabolic function and promote the healing of lesions. Vitamin C 0. 1 ~ 0.2g, three times a day, vitamin B 1 tablet, three times a day.
Female hormones: If female onset is related to menstrual cycle, the estrogen diethylstilbestrol 0. 1mg can be used cautiously, once a night 1 time, and it can be used continuously for 20 days from 5 days after menstruation.
Trace elements: those with decreased serum zinc content. After zinc supplementation, the condition has improved, and 1% zinc sulfate syrup can be used, each time 10ml, three times a day; Or zinc sulfate tablets, each time 0. 1g, each time 1 tablet, three times a day. Vitamins are riboflavin derivatives, which contain many vitamins, amino acids, trace elements and some coenzymes necessary for human body. Vitamins have a certain curative effect on patients with gastrointestinal diseases, and can promote ulcer healing, each time 1g, three times a day, which can be taken for a long time without side effects.
TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment: Yin deficiency and excessive fire mainly focus on nourishing yin and clearing heat, plus Liuwei Dihuang Pill, Yiguanjian, Ganluyin and other prescriptions, while spleen and stomach deficiency and fire mainly focus on clearing stomach and reducing fire, such as Wei Qing powder and Geliang powder, and compound Danshen tablets can also be used to improve the condition.