How many famous painters are there in the history of China?

◇ Four Families in the Six Dynasties The Six Dynasties refers to Soochow, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen, all of which have Jiankang (Wuming Jianye, now Nanjing, Jiangsu) as their capital. Fourth, in the history of painting, refer to Cao Buxing in Soochow, Gu Kaizhi in Eastern Jin Dynasty, Lu Tanwei in Southern Song Dynasty and Zhang Sengyou in Southern Liang Dynasty. The evaluation of the paintings of the Six Dynasties in the Tang Dynasty is: "Zhang (monk) gets his flesh, Lu (exploration) gets his bones, and Gu (opening) gets his spirit." Paintings of the Six Dynasties are rare, especially those of Cao Buxing. Tang Hou in Yuan Dynasty thought that Cao Buxing's "Military Symbol Map" was "vividly written, and it was suspected that it was written by people in the late Tang Dynasty and early Song Dynasty". Li Tang, Liu Songnian, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui, four landscape painters in Southern Song Dynasty. This is a simple painting style. In the early Yuan Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty Hou said, "If Li Tang, Zhou Zeng, Ma Yuan, Xia Gui, Li Jue, Li Anzhong, Lou Guan and Liang Kai are all famous in the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy, they will all be appreciated." The proposer of this theory was Tang Yin's inscription on Liu Songnian's "The Hidden Map of Spring Mountain" in Ming Dynasty, which was called "Li, Liu, Ma and Xia". Later, Tu Long said, "Li Tang, Liu Songnian, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui are the four great families after Nandu." Zhang Chou said: "Liu Songnian was the crown in the Southern Song Dynasty, followed by Li Tang, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui." Zhang Taijie said: "Liu, Li, Ma and Xia all have important names, but Li and Ma are the most important." ◇ Yuan Sijia's four representative painters of Yuan Dynasty landscape painting. There are two main versions: one refers to Zhao Mengfu, Zhenwu, Huang Wang Gong and Wang Meng, as shown in the appendix of Yi Yan Yuan by Wang Shizhen in Ming Dynasty. Second, it refers to Huang, Wang Meng, Ni Zan and Zhenwu in Dong Qichang's Collection of Rong Tai Biezhi in Ming Dynasty. The second is popularity. Zhao Mengfu, Gao, Huang, Zhenwu, Ni Zan and Wang Meng are called "Yuan Six Family". Although the painting styles have their own characteristics, they were mainly developed on the basis of Ju Ran in the Eastern Yuan Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty. They were the mainstream of landscape painting in Yuan Dynasty, and had a great influence on Ming and Qing Dynasties. Zhao Mengfu, Gao, Huang, Zhenwu, Ni Zan and Wang Meng, six yuan. See "Yuan Sijia". Dong Qichang said two schools of landscape painters in Ming Dynasty. "Rong Tai's Painting Collection": "Zen has two factions, the South and the North, which began in the Tang Dynasty; There are two paintings in the north and south, also from the Tang Dynasty, but their people are not in the north and south ears. Father and son of the Northern School painted landscapes, which spread to Zhao Wo, Zhao Boju, Bozi and even Xia Gui in the Song Dynasty. Sand King (Wei), the Southern Zongmo, began to use the method of shading and changing the hook, which was handed down by Jing (Hao), Guan (Tong), Dong (Yuan), Ju (Ran), Guo Zhongshu and Mi Jiafu (Bi and You Ren). He also said, "Literati painting began in Victoria, followed by Dong Yuan, Li Cheng and Fan Kuan as the eldest sons. Ruoma, Xia, Liu Songnian are also the school of General Li, not me, Cao Cao. "This theory does not conform to the historical facts of the evolution of landscape painters, and it has the meaning of praising' South' and belittling' North'. In the Ming Dynasty, Chen Jiru (then known as "Dong Chen" with Dong Qichang) made it particularly obvious: "Li sent a thin plate and lacked morale;" Wang sent Xu and Xiao San. The painting circles echoed in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, forming the view that "Southern Sect" is "orthodox". Shen Zhou, Wen Zhiming, Tang Yin and Chou Ying, Ming thinkers in the middle of Ming Dynasty. They are teachers and friends, and their painting techniques have their own styles and characteristics, which have a great influence on later generations. Shen Hewen has a similar style. Later, it developed into the Wu Sect. There were Dai Jin in the early Ming Dynasty, Lin Liang, Wei Wu and Lv Ji in the middle, and Chen Hongshou in the late Ming Dynasty. Shen, Wen, Tang and Qiu do not represent the whole Ming Dynasty. Nine friends in the painting: Dong Qichang, Yang, Cheng Jiasui, Zhang Xuezeng, Bian Wenyu, Shao Mi, Li, Wang Shimin and Wang Jian. See Song of Nine Friends painted by Wu in the early Qing Dynasty. ◇ Gong Xian, Fan Yin, Gao Cen, Zou Zhe, Wu Hong, Ye Xin, Hu Nian and Xie Xun were the eight great families in Jinling in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Their painting themes and styles are different. Because they live in Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), they are all famous (especially in Gong Xian), so they are called Jinling. See Zhang Geng's Collection of National Dynasty Paintings in Qing Dynasty. In addition, Chen Zhuo, Wu Hong, Fan Yin, Zou Zhe, Cai Linlun, Li Youli, Wu Dan and Gao Cen are the "Eight Schools of Jinling". See Gan Long's "Shangyuan County Records". But what has been said before will become mainstream. Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang Yi, Wang, Yun were six landscape painters in the early Qing Dynasty. Also known as "Four Kings, Wu and Yun". They enjoyed great fame after Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty. They led the painting world and influenced fashion. At that time, they were regarded as "orthodox". ◇ Wang Shimin, Wang Jian and Wang Yi in the Four Kings "Qing Six Families". The four kings are collectively called. They are related to teachers, friends or relatives, and are directly or indirectly influenced by Dong Qichang in painting fashion and artistic thought. The technique is profound, the painting style advocates antique, and many works are stylized by the situation. Wang Hao and Wang used to go in and out of the Forbidden City. The former, combining the schools of Song and Yuan Dynasties, created a complete style of painting; The latter is a series of Yellow in Yuan Dynasty, which is also an achievement. "Four Kings" had a far-reaching influence on Qing Dynasty and modern landscape painting. There are Wang Yu, Wang Su, Wang Jiu and Chen Wang between Kanggan. Later, Wang Sanxi (real name, real name, Yu Zhi's nephew), Wang (real name, the eldest son of IX), Wang Tingzhou (real name, Kairu, the second son of IX) and Wang painted "Four Kings", "just following the previous rules, and there was no innovation breakthrough. The former is called "Little Four Kings" and the latter is called "Last Four Kings". The four eminent monks in the early Qing Dynasty were Hong Ren (), Kun Can (), Badashanren () and Shi Tao (Zhu Ruoji). Badashanren and Shi Tao were both adherents of the late Ming Dynasty, both of whom belonged to the Ming imperial clan and later became monks. They are all proficient in Zen, lyricism, calligraphy and painting, and each has its own unique attainments. Kun Shen Xi Shi and Shi Tao are also called "two stones". ◇ The floorboard of the eight representative painters in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, who lived between the Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou and Qingganlong. Generally refers to Wang, Huang Shen, Jin Nong, Gao Xiang, Li Yi, Zheng Xie, Li,. Li See's Yu Bao's Review of Aupolo's Calligraphy and Painting. Wang, Gao Xiang and Luo were hired as Gao, Bian Shoumin and other eight people. Li Fang was named Min Zhen and Gao, and some of them included Chen Zhuan or Li Wei. See Wang Yan's Record of Yangzhou Painting Academy. His paintings are mainly flowers, landscapes and figures, mainly based on Chen Daofu, Xu Wei, Zhu Da (Badashanren), Yuanji (Shi Tao) and others, and can be eclectic. Open up a new situation and express true feelings; He is also good at poetry, calligraphy or seal cutting, and pays attention to the combination of poetry and calligraphy, which is different from the ancient simulation style of popular painting circles at that time. At that time, he was regarded as an eccentric teacher and a monster, so he was called the Eight Eccentrics. Wang Yan, the defender of "orthodox" painting style, once commented: "The teacher of the Eight Eccentrics paints without unification. This is like the marriage of Su (Qin) and Zhang (Yi), and the inheritance of Xu (Qin) and Huang (Quan). The elimination rate of three strokes and five strokes, the heavy sauce is too embarrassing, (through "rough"); Hu flatters five words and seven words, complacent. If it is not the same interest, it is appropriate to go astray. Showing brand-new is a moment, but it only prevails for a hundred miles. " In fact, this school not only has a considerable influence on the interest and techniques of modern freehand flower painting; Until modern times, Qi Baishi, Chen Shiceng, Xu Beihong, Pan Tianshou and Lai Chusheng all learned something from it. ◇ Ten philosophers in paintings refer to ten painters of Lou Dong School in Qing Dynasty. That is, Gao Xiang, Gao, Li Shizhuo, Zhang, Wang, Wang,, and Chai Shen.