First, you can't stop taking drugs during the Spring Festival, and you still need to monitor your blood sugar regularly.
Many people are afraid to take medicine during the New Year, especially the elderly, especially during the first to third days. At work, we often encounter patients with severe acute complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis and diabetic hyperosmolar coma caused by stopping using hypoglycemic drugs during the New Year. Because of the long holidays, eating and living are very irregular, which is easy to cause blood sugar fluctuations and difficult to control. Diabetic patients must take medicine or take injections on time under the guidance of a doctor, and must not extend the interval or reduce the dose at will, and must not stop using hypoglycemic drugs at will, so as to avoid the occurrence of the above acute complications caused by large fluctuations in blood sugar. In order to know your blood sugar status, so as to adjust and guide your diet and exercise, you should also monitor your blood sugar regularly during the long vacation. If your blood sugar fluctuates greatly compared with usual, you need to monitor your blood sugar every day until it is stable. Generally, check blood sugar on an empty stomach in the morning, two hours before and after meals, and before going to bed. The specific time can be determined according to the patient's personal life rhythm and treatment plan. The fasting blood glucose of diabetic patients can be controlled at about 7.0 mmol/L during the Spring Festival and within 2 hours after meals,10.0 mmol/L. If the blood sugar is 1.4 mmol/L for many times during blood sugar monitoring, it is necessary to check the urine routine so as to find diabetic ketosis or ketoacidosis in time and ask the doctor to adjust the treatment plan in time. Although it is the Spring Festival holiday, there are still people on duty in the hospital every day.
Second, keep a regular diet control and don't overeat.
Because most people are in a state of vacation and relaxation during the Spring Festival, there are many kinds of entertainment, they often stay up late and get up late, and their life and diet are irregular. Many patients often skip breakfast because they get up late in the morning. If you don't eat breakfast, you have to eat Chinese food for a long time the night before, usually more than 12 hours, or about 12- 16 hours. At this time, the glycogen in the patient's body has been exhausted, which is easy to lead to the decrease of blood sugar concentration, and there may be obvious symptoms of hypoglycemia such as hunger, slow brain reaction, palpitation, cold sweat, inattention, etc. Therefore, during the holidays, diabetic patients should try their best to maintain a regular life and routine, and maintain a balanced diet, so that the blood sugar control between diet, exercise and drugs is not easily broken, and the blood sugar level remains stable.
The Spring Festival is a time of reunion and joy. It is inevitable to raise a glass on the wine table for a change, but diabetics can't relax their vigilance for a moment and eat and drink uncontrollably. So how do diabetics control their diet at the special moment when various dinners overlap during the Spring Festival?
1, control staple food: staple food is essential, but to match the thickness, we must control the total amount. This can not only ensure the daily energy supply, but also increase the amount of food and bring satiety, thus avoiding the temptation of other foods with high sugar content, which is conducive to blood sugar control.
2, avoid high-fat, high-salt diet: diabetic patients can choose lean meat, fish and shrimp and other meat with less fat content; Eat slowly and slowly. This can not only enjoy the satisfaction of eating meat, but also feel full and reduce the total intake. Try to use less oil, less salt and less spicy, and avoid cooking methods with more oil, such as frying and frying, which is conducive to controlling the total energy intake every day.
3, don't find reasons to drink: family reunion, friends gathering, alcohol is an indispensable stimulant to adjust the atmosphere; So many people use this as an excuse to relax their demands and drink excessively. In fact, the main chemical component of wine is ethanol, and each gram of ethanol can provide 7 kilocalories of energy. For diabetic patients who need to control total energy and ensure adequate nutrition intake, the nutritional value of alcohol is very low. Some diabetics will have hypoglycemia after drinking too much, some will have high blood pressure, and some will have low blood pressure first and then high blood pressure. In short, blood sugar will fluctuate greatly and it is difficult to control. Excessive drinking can also lead to acute and chronic alcoholism, alcoholic fatty liver and severe alcoholic cirrhosis, increasing the risk of hypertension and stroke.
Third, keep regular exercise, have a holiday during the Spring Festival, and don't relax.
Visiting relatives and friends, having dinner and drinking, playing cards and watching TV and movies at night during the Spring Festival are often late at night. I slept until noon the next day. It's easy to eat more and exercise less, which leads to high blood sugar. Diabetic patients still need to keep a certain amount of exercise every day during the Spring Festival, and start exercising half an hour after meals. Appropriate aerobic exercise, such as walking, swimming, brisk walking, jogging, running, practicing Tai Chi or yoga, can be carried out according to your actual situation. You can also increase the amount of exercise by doing housework or daily activities according to local conditions: for example, sweeping the floor for 8 minutes is equivalent to walking 1000 steps; For another example, visiting relatives and friends, we choose to walk instead of taking the elevator; Or after eating out and going home, choose to take a walk for a while. To increase daily exercise. But exercise should not be excessive, just sweat slightly, and at the same time avoid injuries, especially foot injuries. Regular exercise can increase insulin sensitivity, help control blood sugar, lose weight, exercise cardiopulmonary function, strengthen bones, enhance physical fitness, and ultimately improve the quality of life of patients and increase the fun of life. Studies have shown that moderate exercise can reduce postprandial blood sugar, and regular exercise for more than 8 weeks can reduce glycosylated hemoglobin of patients with type 2 diabetes by 0.66%. However, diabetic patients with poor blood sugar control or weak constitution or acute complications should exercise under the guidance of a doctor. It is necessary to prevent hypoglycemia during exercise.
Fourth, keep regular sleep and don't stay up late.
A stable lifestyle, regular diet and regular exercise are the best hypoglycemic drugs and an important basis for stabilizing hypoglycemic. Watching TV, playing mahjong, sleeping in the next day, etc. During the Spring Festival, it is easy to disturb the biological clock, leading to large fluctuations in blood sugar, which is very unfavorable for patients' blood sugar control. Studies have shown that 4 am to 9 am is the time when blood sugar is most likely to rise, also known as "dawn phenomenon". If you don't get up on time, take medicine or eat, the blood sugar law during the day will be disrupted. Therefore, diabetics should not go to bed too late. It is best to go to sleep at about 10 at night and get up at 6: 7 in the morning to ensure adequate sleep time and prevent blood sugar from fluctuating greatly.
Five, to prevent the "holiday disease" during the Spring Festival holiday.
Because the eating habits and lifestyles during the Spring Festival holiday are often completely disrupted, some common "holiday diseases" are particularly prone to occur from the usual very regular life mode to the special "Spring Festival mode". Ordinary people need to pay attention, and diabetics need to prevent:
1, gastrointestinal diseases:
Excessive consumption of greasy and spicy food, or mixed hot and cold food, or eating unclean food outside, coupled with gluttony of snacks such as melon seeds, nuts, candy, and emotional fluctuations, will cause gastrointestinal burden, causing oral ulcers, constipation, abdominal distension and diarrhea, indigestion and other symptoms. Overeating, especially patients with high triglycerides, is very likely to cause acute pancreatitis.
2, sleep disorders: during the Spring Festival, everyone is easy to relax and indulge themselves, and life is extremely irregular. Moreover, family conflicts are often prominent during the Spring Festival, and emotions and emotional fluctuations are often relatively large. Many people suffer from insomnia, especially middle-aged and elderly people.
3 All kinds of chronic diseases are prone to high incidence.
1) gout
Frequent dinners, staying up late, fatigue, overeating, eating too many foods with high purine content such as seafood and broth, and drinking too much are particularly prone to induce acute gout attacks. Once gout attacks, it often lasts for several days, which seriously affects the quality of life and holiday mood. Therefore, it is necessary to exercise properly, combine work and rest, and avoid overeating, especially seafood, animal offal, alcohol and broth. Rich in purine, and control food intake; Drink plenty of water, 2000-3000 ml per day, which can increase uric acid excretion; For patients with a history of gout attacks, you can take some alkaline drinks such as soda water while drinking more water to increase uric acid excretion; Precautionary measures should be taken before the festival, and uric acid lowering drugs should be taken appropriately according to the doctor's advice when necessary, so as to control uric acid level and prevent acute gout attack during the Spring Festival.
2) Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Cold, overeating, alcoholism, emotional excitement and fatigue are all inducing factors of cardiovascular diseases. Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease and patients with high risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are more likely to cause angina pectoris and even myocardial infarction, as well as serious diseases such as cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage. Patients with hypertension should take medicine regularly and closely monitor their blood pressure. Once you find that your blood pressure is not well controlled, you should deal with it in time and seek medical advice if necessary. Patients with chronic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and coronary heart disease must take medicine regularly according to the doctor's advice. And pay attention to keep warm, avoid fatigue or catching cold, avoid exercise in the morning, eat more meals, avoid overeating and aggravate the heart load, and carry emergency medicine with you. If you have recurrent angina pectoris, dizziness, unstable walking, slurred speech and other symptoms in the near future, you should seek medical advice in time.
In short, diabetics can relax during the Spring Festival holiday, but they can't relax by keeping a regular life, regular diet, regular exercise and regular medication. The control and monitoring of blood sugar can not be relaxed; If all the previous efforts are wasted for a while, it will not be worth the loss. If you have any discomfort during the Spring Festival holiday, don't be afraid to see a doctor. Go to the hospital in time to avoid delaying treatment.