China's Policy of Protecting Teenagers' Rights and Interests
I. Adolescent health services
(1) Outline of National Fitness Program
Article 7 of the Outline of the National Fitness Program (released by the State Council on June 20th 1995) stipulates that the national fitness program should be implemented with the people of the whole country as the target and the teenagers and children as the focus.
(2) Family protection of adolescent health
The Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Minors stipulates the actions taken by parents or other guardians to protect the physical and mental health of minors.
(3) School protection of adolescent health
Chapter III "School Protection" of the Law on the Protection of Minors in People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that schools should comprehensively implement the national education policy, and provide moral education, intellectual education, physical education, aesthetic education, labor education, social life guidance and adolescent education for minors to ensure their physical and mental health. Specific measures for school protection include:
① Strengthen school health work.
Regulations on School Health Work (1 approved by the State Council on April 25th, 1999, 1990,1promulgated by the State Council DecreeNo. 102 on April 25th, 1999) State Education Commission 10 and DecreeNo. of the Ministry of Health on June 4th/kloc-. Carry out health education for students and cultivate students' good health habits; Improve the school health environment and teaching health conditions; Strengthen the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and common diseases among students.
(2) Strengthen school physical education.
The Regulations on School Physical Education (1approved by the State Council on February 20th, 1990, Order No.8 of the State Education Commission on March 2nd, 1990, promulgated by the State Sports Commission 1 1) stipulates that the basic tasks of school physical education are: to improve students' physical and mental health and to enhance their physique; Make students master the basic knowledge of sports and cultivate their sports ability and habits; Improve students' sports skills and train sports reserve talents for the country; Carry out moral education for students, strengthen organizational discipline and cultivate students' courage; Toughness and enterprising spirit. School physical education should adhere to the principle of combining popularization with improvement, physical exercise with safety and health, actively carry out various forms of physical fitness activities, attach importance to inheriting and carrying forward national traditional sports, pay attention to absorbing the beneficial experience of foreign school physical education, and actively carry out sports scientific research.
③ Health education for students.
The Basic Requirements of Health Education for Primary and Secondary School Students (Trial) (issued by the Ministry of Health, the State Education Commission and the National Patriotic Health Association 1 September, 19921day) stipulates that health education is an education with the core content of imparting health knowledge, establishing healthy behaviors and improving the environment. In primary and secondary schools, children and adolescents in the process of growth and development are the main educatees to carry out appropriate and timely health education.
(4) Establish a monitoring network for students' physical health.
The Notice of the Ministry of Education on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Plan of the National Students' Physical Health Monitoring Network (Han Yi [2002] 1No.) (No.2 1 March 2002) stipulates that the national students' physical health monitoring network should be established and students' physical health monitoring should be carried out once every two years.
⑤ Strengthen students' mental health education.
Our country has successively promulgated "Several Opinions on Strengthening Mental Health Education in Primary and Secondary Schools" (promulgated and implemented by the Ministry of Education1August 1999 13) and "Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Strengthening Mental Health Education for College Students" (Teaching Social Affairs in March 2006 16 [2006 5438+06] .50006.000000000005
⑥ Strengthen school security.
The Opinions on Deepening the Comprehensive Management of School Social Security issued by the Central Committee for Comprehensive Management of Social Security, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Public Security stipulates that the main tasks of comprehensive management of school social security are: under the unified leadership of local party committees and governments at all levels, all relevant departments give full play to their functions, cooperate closely, rely on school teachers and students, maintain good teaching, scientific research and living order, maintain school stability, and create a good educational environment for cultivating and bringing up builders and successors of the socialist cause.
(4) Social protection of adolescent health
China's social protection policies for teenagers' health are mainly found in the Law on the Protection of Minors in People's Republic of China (PRC), Several Opinions on Creating a Good Social Education Environment to Protect the Healthy Growth of Primary and Secondary School Students, Notice of the General Office of the Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Construction and Management of Teenagers' Activity Places (July 3, 2000), Opinions on Strengthening the Management of Entertainment Places, and Opinions on Cracking Down on Prostitution, Gambling, Drug Abuse, Opinions on the Special Action for Social Ugliness such as Drug Trafficking (promulgated and implemented by the General Office of the State Council, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Supervision, the Ministry of Culture and the Administration for Industry and Commerce on June 30, 2000) and Notice on Standardizing the Operation Behavior of Internet Cafes and Strengthening Safety Management. Its main measures include:
Departments of education, culture, scientific research, press and publication, sports, radio, film and television, mass organizations and schools at all levels shall, under the leadership of the local people's government, create a good social environment for the healthy growth of minors.
All relevant state departments and mass organizations should do everything possible to organize various healthy and beneficial activities for young people.
Press and publication, radio, film and television, culture and education, science and technology and other departments engaged in the production of spiritual products should strive to provide more and better spiritual food for the vast number of young people.
We should continue to seriously rectify the cultural market, and it is strictly forbidden to write, produce, publish, distribute, sell, broadcast or rent books, periodicals, pictures and audio-visual products that are harmful to teenagers.
The administrative departments for culture and industry and commerce should strengthen the management of public cultural, educational and entertainment places, and prohibit performances, exhibitions and various forms of gambling activities harmful to children. China has specially issued a special governance policy for electronic game business places, strengthened the management of entertainment service places, severely cracked down on social evils such as prostitution, gambling, drug abuse and drug trafficking, standardized the operation behavior of "Internet cafes" and strengthened safety management.
⑥ Strengthen the construction and management of youth activity places. It is necessary to proceed from the local reality and rely on social forces to incorporate the construction of youth activity facilities into urban and rural construction planning, and strive to build a certain scale and number of children's palaces (courtyards and stations), children's activity centers, children's libraries, youth science and technology museums (museums and stations), children's parks and theaters in cities above medium level.
⑦ Pay attention to family education. Help parents improve the level of family education and correct the wrong educational methods.
All localities should give full play to the role of advanced units, advanced figures, retired (divorced) veteran cadres, experts, educators and workers on all fronts.
Pet-name ruby to use legal means to effectively protect the healthy growth of primary and secondary school students.
Attending the public security and judicial departments shall, in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, severely crack down on criminals who harass schools and disrupt the normal order of schools.
(5) Legal protection of adolescent health.
The main policies for the legal protection of juveniles in China are as follows:
① Improve children's legislation, strengthen law enforcement and effectively protect children's rights and interests.
② Judicial protection.
③ Legal publicity and services.
Mobilize the whole society to pay attention to and protect children's rights and interests through publicity and education and providing legal services for children.
Second, China's juvenile justice protection policy
(A) China juvenile justice protection policy.
The emergence of juvenile justice protection system is based on the concept of humanitarian legislation in various countries, which clearly stipulates the age of criminal responsibility for juvenile delinquency and also makes some special provisions on the handling of juvenile delinquency cases. Since then, it has gradually developed into a perfect juvenile justice protection system.
1. Provisions of relevant international conventions signed by China.
Such as the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Juvenile Justice and the United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty.
2. Provisions of relevant laws in China.
Relevant provisions in the Criminal Law, the Criminal Procedure Law, the Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency. When establishing and perfecting the legal system for protecting the rights and interests of minors, China attaches great importance to learning from the successful experiences and practices of other countries in this regard, and strives to closely integrate and unify China's laws and policies with the implementation of international conventions for the protection of minors.
3. Relevant judicial interpretations, opinions and notices of China Public Security Law.
Such as: Several Provisions on Handling Juvenile Criminal Cases (Trial), Notice on Establishing Supporting Work System for Handling Juvenile Criminal Cases, etc.
Legal basis:
Protection of minors
Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution in order to protect the physical and mental health of minors, safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, promote their all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, train socialist builders and successors with ideals, morality, culture and discipline, and train new people of the times for national rejuvenation.
Article 2 Minors mentioned in this Law refer to citizens under the age of 18.