What are the psychological defense mechanisms?

Psychological defense mechanism refers to a series of defensive and adaptive responses taken by individuals to alleviate or eliminate negative emotions such as inner anxiety and depression and protect themselves from harm when facing stressors. Common psychological defense mechanisms include:

Denial: Individuals refuse to admit that their negative emotions and experiences are nonexistent or untrue.

Repression: individuals suppress their feelings and thoughts into the subconscious, avoiding expression and catharsis, so as to alleviate inner discomfort and pain.

Degeneration: individuals degrade their abilities and resources to the level of childhood or childhood to reduce their responsibilities and pressures.

Rationalization: An individual rationalizes his behavior, thinking that his behavior is out of necessity and can explain and control his emotions and behaviors.

Ritualization: individuals can relieve their inner discomfort and pain by repeating certain behaviors or activities, such as praying, meditating and keeping a diary.

Isolation: individuals isolate themselves from the outside world and avoid contact with others to alleviate their loneliness and insecurity.

Idealization: individuals idealize their wishes and ideals into perfect images to reduce their anxiety and anxiety and make themselves feel better.

Split: individuals split their thoughts and feelings into different parts to alleviate pain and discomfort and make themselves feel better.

Fantasy: individuals escape from reality through fantasy, relieve their pain and discomfort, and make themselves feel better.

Compensation: individuals make up their own defects or deficiencies to alleviate inner discomfort and pain, for example, through hard work, study and exercise.

Constructiveness: individuals can alleviate their inner discomfort and pain by actively participating in social activities, caring for others and helping others, for example, through voluntary service and social activities.

These psychological defense mechanisms are not isolated from each other, but interact and influence each other. In the face of stressors, individuals can choose different psychological defense mechanisms to deal with them, thus reducing or eliminating negative emotions such as inner anxiety and depression. At the same time, these defense mechanisms also need to be constantly adjusted and improved to adapt to individual needs and changes in circumstances.

For the detection of mental health, please refer to the SCL-90 scale, MMPI scale and PDQ-4+ scale for the detection of personality disorder of Kitten Test Network.

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