Accidents that lead to death, illness, injury, pollution, damage or other losses.
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An accident is an unexpected situation that leads to bad results. Subjectively speaking, HSE management system (HSE-MS) focuses on the unexpected results of activities and processes, which are negative, bad or even malignant in nature:
-For personnel, it may be death, illness or injury, including "casualty accidents" and "occupational diseases";
-For material property, it is damage, destruction or other forms of loss of value;
-For the environment, it may be ecological damage and adverse environmental impact.
2. Internal audit
A systematic, independent and documented process to objectively obtain and evaluate audit evidence to determine the satisfaction of the organization with the audit criteria of the health, safety and environmental management system.
Note: In many cases, independence can be manifested by having no responsibility relationship with the audited activities.
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1) Internal audit, sometimes called first-party audit, is used for internal purposes and is conducted by or in the name of the organization, which can be used as the basis for the self-compliance statement of the organization.
2) Auditing standards are the basis of auditing, and there are generally three types:
-Health, safety and environmental management system standards;
—— Laws, regulations, standards and requirements on health, safety and environment that the organization shall abide by;
-manuals, procedures and other requirements of the organization's health, safety and environmental management system.
3) Audit evidence refers to records, statements and other verifiable information.
The HSE management system audit needs to formulate corresponding documented procedures to ensure the systematicness, consistency and reliability of the audit process.
5) The internal audit of the health, safety and environmental management system can be conducted by internal or external personnel of the organization, but the objectivity, impartiality and independence of the audit should be guaranteed regardless of whether the internal or external personnel conduct the audit.
6) The audit results shall be reported to the manager in written form.
7) For terms and definitions of auditing standards, audit findings, audit certificates and audit conclusions, please refer to the standards in Auditing Standards.
Step 3 listen
Personnel who have been trained and obtained corresponding qualifications and have the ability to conduct audits.
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1) HSE auditors include group company HSE auditors and enterprise HSE internal auditors.
2) Qualified personnel (education, experience, etc.). ) After being trained by a training or consulting institution registered by the group company and passing the examination, you can obtain the qualification of HSE auditor.
3) The HSE auditor of the group company can participate in the HSE system certification audit organized by the headquarters of the group company and the enterprise HSE system audit.
4) HSE internal auditors can engage in the internal audit of HSE management system.
4. Cleaner production
The environmental strategy of holistic prevention is continuously applied to production processes, products and services to improve the efficiency of resource utilization and reduce or eliminate environmental pollution and ecological damage.
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1) Cleaner production usually refers to a mode of production that makes rational use of natural resources, minimizes the harm to human beings and the environment, fully meets human needs, and maximizes social and economic benefits in the production process and expected consumption of products. There are other terms in cleaner production, such as "less waste and no waste process", "harmless process" and "pollution prevention".
2) Ways to implement cleaner production:
-comprehensive utilization of resources;
-Reforming technology and equipment;
-Organizing material recovery;
-Strengthening management;
-Product substitution and development, and product system reform;
-Necessary terminal treatment;
-Organize cleaner production in the region.
3) Cleaner production audit procedures include audit preparation, pre-audit, audit, generation, screening and determination of implementation plan, preparation of cleaner production audit report, etc.
4) Principle requirements of cleaner production of China Petroleum and Natural Gas Group Company:
-For production, it is required to save raw materials and energy, eliminate toxic and harmful raw materials, and reduce the quantity and toxicity of all wastes;
-For products, it is required to reduce the adverse effects of raw materials, products and packaging on human beings and the environment from all stages of the life cycle;
-For services, the environmental impact should be considered from the whole process of design, construction and acceptance, and the environmental cost should be included in the production and operation management.
5. Continuous improvement.
In order to improve the overall performance of health, safety and environment, the process of continuously strengthening the health, safety and environment management system is organized according to the health, safety and environment policy.
Note: This process does not have to occur simultaneously in all areas of activity.
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1) The continuous improvement of an organization includes two aspects:
-Improve the health, safety and environmental management system. This refers to the process that the organization constantly adjusts and improves the health, safety and environmental management system including the system elements such as policies, objectives and indicators according to the internal and external requirements and changing conditions of the organization through daily supervision and inspection, internal audit and management review.
-Improve the health, safety and environmental performance of the organization. This refers to improving performance according to the organization's health, safety and environment policies and objectives and the improvement of health, safety and environment management system. This improvement specifically refers to: the reduction of accidents; Improvement of employee's workplace; Save water, electricity, coal and other resources; Reduce pollutant emissions; Reduce the consumption of raw materials such as chemicals, steel and freon. The improvement of system is the means, and the improvement of HSE performance is the ultimate goal of establishing HSE management system.
2) The idea of continuous improvement should run through the establishment, implementation and operation of the management system. It is impossible to improve all aspects at the same time, so the direction, content and degree of improvement should be selected according to the economic and technical feasibility of the organization and the organization's health, safety and environment policies, objectives and indicators.
put right
Eliminate the found nonconformities.
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1) The organization shall take measures to eliminate nonconformities in the operation of HSE management system.
2) Correcting nonconformities can reduce the impact of nonconformities, but it can't prevent them from happening again.
7. Corrective actions
Measures taken to eliminate the causes of nonconformity found.
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1) In view of the non-conformities during the operation of HSE management system, the causes should be analyzed and corrective measures should be formulated according to the causes.
2) The effective implementation of corrective measures can prevent the unqualified products from happening again.
3) The effectiveness of the implementation of corrective measures shall be verified.
8. customers
The organization or individual who receives the product.
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1) Organizations and individuals that accept products may include consumers, customers, end users, retailers, beneficiaries and buyers. Customers can be internal or external to the organization.
2) "Accepting products" is a product acceptance process that takes place at a specific time by specific organizations and individuals, and accepting products is not necessarily a buying-selling relationship.
9. Documents
Information and its bearing media.
Note: The media can be paper, computer disk, optical disk or other electronic media, photos or standard samples, or their combination.
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1) Information and media are not files themselves, and only by combining them can they form files.
2) Files can be paper files, electronic files or other types of files.
3) The purpose of the document is to unify actions, convey intentions, ensure the consistency of operation, and provide convenience for maintenance, updating, training and communication.
10. Environment
The external existence of organizational operation activities includes air, water, land, natural resources, plants, animals, people and their relationships.
Note: In this sense, external existence extends from the organization to the global system.
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1) organization is the subject of environmental management in this standard, and this definition is expressed from the perspective of organization.
2) The external existence of an organization's business activities refers to the sum of various natural factors (including people) and their interrelationships in the space where the organization is located.
3) The influence of an organization on the environment is not limited to its surrounding environment, but may extend to the global scope. For example, the exhaust emissions in operation have an impact on global environmental problems such as greenhouse climate change and ozone layer destruction.
1 1. Environmental impact
Any harmful or beneficial changes to the environment caused by all or part of the activities, products or services of the organization.
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1) The activities of the organization refer to organizing procurement and transportation, storing raw and auxiliary materials, designing and manufacturing products, developing resources, utilizing energy, storing and selling products, etc. The product of an organization refers to the result of an activity or process. Products can be tangible or intangible. The service of an organization can be between the organization and customers, or it can be the result of internal activities of the organization. Service providers can be people, equipment or facilities.
2) The influence may be harmful or beneficial. Such as sewage discharge, chemical leakage and other activities have harmful effects on water, atmosphere, soil and other environments; Using recyclable packaging materials, greening, installing energy-saving lamps, and replacing coal with clean energy such as electricity, natural gas and wind energy are all beneficial influences or changes. The risk factors defined in this standard emphasize the situation that causes harmful environmental impact.
3) Environmental impact assessment is a process.
4) Because the importance of environmental impact varies from organization to organization, quantifying environmental impact is helpful to judge it.
12. Healthy body
Conditions and factors that affect employees, temporary workers, contractors, visitors and other personnel in the workplace to achieve good physical, mental and behavioral conditions.
The explanation of occupational health refers to the conditions and factors that affect the health of specific personnel. Affected personnel include regular employees, temporary workers, contractors, visitors, customers, etc. Workplaces include all places in the organization, as well as temporary and mobile places related to production activities. These conditions and factors can include, for example, dust and toxic working environment, high and low temperature environment, working time arrangement, ergonomic conditions, etc.
13. Health, safety and environmental hazards.
Factors in the activities, products or services of the organization that may lead to personal injury or illness, property loss, damage to the working environment, harmful environmental impact or a combination of these situations, including root causes and conditions.
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1) Health, safety and environmental hazards refer to factors that may lead to personal injury or illness, loss of material property, damage to working environment and harmful environmental impact, including root causes or conditions, in the activities, products or services of an organization.
2) According to GB/T13861-1992 "Classification and Code of Hazardous Factors in Production Process", the risk factors related to health and safety can be divided into the following six categories:
Physical hazards and harmful factors;
-Chemical hazards and harmful factors;
-Biological hazards and harmful factors;
Psychological and physical hazards and harmful factors;
-Behavioral hazards and harmful factors;
-Other dangerous and harmful factors.
3) Environmental hazards can be divided into the following eight categories:
-Emissions to the atmosphere;
-Discharge into water bodies;
-Discharge to land;
The use of raw materials and natural resources;
-Energy use;
-Energy release (such as heat, radiation, vibration, etc.). );
Waste and by-products;
-Physical attributes, such as size, shape, color, appearance, etc.
14. Hazard identification. Health, safety and environmental hazard identification
The process of identifying the existence of health, safety and environmental hazards and determining their characteristics.
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1) Hazard factor identification is a dynamic process, including the following two aspects:
—— Identify the existence of hazard factors, that is, use specific methods and means to find out all health, safety and environmental hazard factors related to organizational operation activities. Organizations use energy and matter in their operation and interact with the environment. Harmful factors are inevitable, but there may be many forms of existence, some are obvious, and some are not obvious in causality. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt some specific methods and means to make a rigorous analysis of all its business activities and determine the hazard factors according to the causal relationship.
-Determine the characteristics of hazard factors, that is, analyze the identified hazard factors and determine their categories and characteristics (such as diseases, injuries, damages or other losses caused by hazard factors; Who will get hurt; How to get hurt, etc. ).
2) When conducting risk assessment, the following aspects should be considered:
-Ten aspects: employees and people around them, equipment, products, property, water, atmosphere, waste, land, resources, communities and interested parties;
—— Three states: normal, that is, normal production state; Abnormal, that is, abnormal conditions such as startup or shutdown; State of emergency, that is, the state of accidents or natural disasters;
—— Three tenses: past, that is, health, safety and environmental risks and impacts caused by organizational history; Now, that is, the possible risks and impacts caused by the current production situation of the organization; In the future, the risks and impacts that may be brought by the substitution of raw materials, process improvement and other factors will come soon.
3) Hazard factor identification is the most basic activity of HSE management system. The methods of hazard identification include: inquiry and conversation, field observation, task analysis, checklist, hazard and operability study (HAZOP), event tree analysis (ETA), fault tree analysis (FTA) and so on.
4) In order to meet the requirements of ISO 1400 1, organizations can identify environmental factors from three tenses, three states and eight aspects by introducing the concept of environmental factors on the basis of identifying health, safety and environmental hazards.
15. Health, Safety and Environment Management System (HSE-MS)
A part of the overall management system, which is convenient for the organization to manage the health, safety and environmental risks related to its business. It includes the organizational structure, planned activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources required for formulating, implementing, realizing, reviewing and maintaining HSE policies.
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1)HSE management system is a part of the overall management system of the organization. The management of an organization involves many aspects, including production management, quality management, logistics management, personnel management, financial management, health and safety management, environmental management and measurement management. Therefore, health, safety and environmental management is only one part of it.
2) The establishment and operation of health, safety and environmental management system is for health, safety and environmental management. Its content should be based on meeting the needs of health, safety and environmental policies and objectives. Its establishment and operation need the support of resources, and it is a process of continuous development and interaction.
3) The health, safety and environmental management system consists of many interrelated and interactive elements (links) with specific functions. The standard contains seven first-level elements, each of which is divided into several second-level elements, and each element has specified specific requirements. Only through the orderly control, adjustment and management of these elements can we achieve the goal of continuous improvement.
16. Health, safety and environmental policies.
Statement of the organization's intentions and principles for health, safety and environmental performance.
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1) the health, safety and environment policy is a public statement of the organization's intention and action principle to control the hazards and risks of health, safety and environment, and it is the guiding ideology and code of conduct for carrying out health, safety and environment management. According to this policy, strategic objectives can be established to provide a framework for establishing specific goals and indicators.
2) Health, safety and environment policy is an important part of the overall management policy of the organization, which should be coordinated with the overall policy and parallel policy (such as quality and management) of the organization.
3) It should be principled and long-term when formulating strategic objectives according to the guidelines.
17. Health, safety and environmental objectives.
Specific health, safety and environmental performance requirements (guidelines) that come directly from health, safety and environmental objectives or need to be specified and met in order to achieve the objectives can be applied to the organization or its components, and if feasible, they should be quantified.
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1) in order to ensure the realization of the organization's health, safety and environmental objectives, we should formulate more specific health, safety and environmental performance requirements for all levels and functions within the organization to ensure the realization of the objectives within the specified time.
2) Health, safety and environmental indicators can be the decomposition of the overall objectives of the organization, or they can be the independent objectives of a department or a place.
3) Health, safety and environmental indicators shall conform to the policy and be quantified as much as possible according to the organization's health, safety and environmental objectives.
4) The relationship between policies, objectives and indicators of health, safety and environment is as follows.
18. Events
Circumstances that cause or may cause an accident.
Note: An event that does not cause disease, injury, damage or other losses is called "near-miss", which can also be called "near-miss" in English. In English, the word "accident" includes "near miss".
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An incident is a situation that causes or may cause an accident. Events mainly refer to activities and processes themselves, and the results are uncertain. If it causes bad results, it will cause accidents. If it is not a fluke, we should also pay attention to it. An event that almost causes illness, injury, damage or other losses is called "near-miss" in English, which refers to a critical situation.
19. Parties
Individuals or groups concerned about or affected by the organization's health, safety and environmental performance.
Note: Relevant parties include legislators, governments, neighbors, partners, customers, insurance companies, contractors and suppliers.
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1) The interested parties can be individuals or groups.
2) The so-called interested parties refer to those who have interests with the organization, including those who are concerned about or affected by the organization's health, safety and environmental performance.
3) Examples of interested parties include:
-Shareholders and the Board of Directors;
-Government departments include: planning departments, environmental protection departments, municipal departments, etc.
Surrounding communities;
-Banks and insurance companies;
-employees of the organization;
Suppliers and contractors;
-customers;
-The others.
20. Management plan
Documents planned and compiled to achieve health, safety and environmental objectives and indicators and specify responsibilities, authority, resources, procedures (measures) and time limit.
Note 1: The management plan is one of the documents in the planning stage of establishing and maintaining the health, safety and environment management system.
Note 2: The management plan is to adopt different specific countermeasures or measures for health, safety and environmental management in view of the changes of the organization's activities, products, services and/or operating conditions. This form can be a checklist or a comprehensive guidance document.
Note 3: The operation plan can be regarded as the management plan of a specific project.
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1)HSE management plan is a plan expression to achieve health, safety and environmental objectives. The plan shall include the following contents:
-Responsibility and resources for achieving goals and targets;
-Measures to achieve goals and targets;
-Timetable for achieving goals and targets.
2) The HSE management plan can take different forms in response to the changes of the organization's activities, products, services and/or operating conditions, which can be a list of HSE management plans or a comprehensive guiding document.
3)HSE operation plan can be regarded as health, safety and environmental management plan for specific activities, products or services, such as HSE operation plan for geophysical exploration projects.
2 1. does not match.
Any deviation from work standards, practices, procedures, regulations and management system performance will directly or indirectly lead to injury or illness, property loss, work environment damage, harmful environmental impact or a combination of these situations.
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1) During the operation of HSE management system, the organization may deviate from work standards, practices, procedures, regulations and performance, which is called non-conformity.
2) Unqualified results will directly or indirectly lead to injury or illness, property loss, damage to working environment, harmful environmental impact or a combination of these situations.
3) Non-conformance can be divided into general non-conformance and serious non-conformance according to its nature.
22.objectives
What the organization wants to achieve in terms of health, safety and environmental performance.
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1) The organization shall determine and document the environmental objectives according to the health, safety and environment policies determined by it.
2) The formulation of health, safety and environmental objectives should be quantified as much as possible, and the opinions of relevant parties should be considered. Measure the performance parameters of health, safety and environment to achieve the objectives and progress, and regularly review and revise the objectives.
23. Organization
A group of personnel and facilities whose responsibilities, authorities and relationships have been arranged.
Note: For organizations with more than one operating unit, a single operating unit can be regarded as an organization.
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1) The most basic elements of an organization are people and facilities, which are the most basic conditions for an organization to play its due role. Health, safety and environmental management are carried out on the basis of these basic conditions.
2) An organization should be defined from three aspects: responsibility, authority and relationship. "Facilities" can refer to the fixed configuration of existing structures (such as factories and offices), systems (such as oil and gas gathering and transportation systems) and equipment that cannot be easily moved.
3) An organization may be composed of several companies, such as a subsidiary of a group company. Of course, each subsidiary can also operate the system independently, and can also be regarded as an organization.
perform
Measurable results of health, safety and environment management system related to organizational risk control based on health, safety and environment policies and objectives.
Note 1: Performance measurement includes measurement of health, safety and environmental management activities and results.
Note 2: "Performance" can also be called "performance".
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1) Health, safety and environmental performance is measurable, and the organization should measure it regularly to obtain evidence from it, which proves that the established health, safety and environmental management system is reasonable and effective, and its health, safety and environmental policies, objectives and indicators are feasible.
2) Health, safety and environmental performance is the result of controlling its harmful factors, especially important harmful factors, which may be positive or negative. For example:
—— The result of controlling power consumption factors may be to save electricity and reduce the pollution of power plants to the environment, and the result is positive;
-If the sewage discharge is out of control, COD, heavy metals and pesticides discharged from the water may pollute the downstream water bodies and even farmland, and the result is negative;
-all kinds of violations caused accidents, and the result was negative.
Accident prevention.
Take technical and management measures to avoid accidents.
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1) According to the possible causes of accidents, formulate and implement technical, management and training measures to avoid accidents.
2) Require the organization to make a commitment to prevent accidents in the HSE policy, and abide by and implement it during the operation of the HSE management system.
26. Preventive measures and preventive actions
Measures taken to eliminate potential nonconformities.
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1) In view of the foreseeable potential nonconformities during the operation of HSE management system, the reasons should be analyzed and preventive measures should be formulated according to the reasons.
2) Effective implementation of preventive measures can prevent the occurrence of nonconformities.
3) The effectiveness of preventive measures shall be verified.
Procedure.
A prescribed route for carrying out an activity or process.
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1) program specifies the standards for dealing with those repetitive processes, and it is the refinement and standardization of daily work processes and working methods to guide operators how to engage in an activity.
2) The most essential feature is to stipulate the time sequence and practice of the activities to be carried out.
3) Procedures generally stipulate where, when, who will do it, what to do and how to do it.
4) The program is not necessarily in the form of a file, but is generally used to archive the program to ensure the consistency of operation and provide convenience for maintenance, update, training and communication.
Step 28 record
A document that describes the results achieved or provides evidence of the activities carried out.
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1) record is also a kind of file.
2) It is different from other documents because of its special purpose, that is, it is used to save information, provide evidence and trace the historical situation.
29.risk
The combination of the possibility and consequence of a specific dangerous event.
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Risk is the overall reflection of the foreseeable probability of dangerous events and the severity of their consequences, and it is a comprehensive description of dangerous events.
Dangerous events have two main characteristics, namely, possibility and severity. Possibility refers to the probability of a dangerous situation; Severity refers to the size and degree of personal injury, environmental damage and economic loss that will be caused once a dangerous event occurs.
risk assessment
The whole process of evaluating the degree of risk and determining whether the risk is tolerable.
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1) Risk assessment mainly includes the following two stages:
-Analysis and assessment of risks to determine their magnitude or severity;
-Compare the risk with the specification requirements and determine whether it is acceptable.
2) Risk analysis and assessment mainly focus on the possibility and severity of risks. Criteria are the basis for judging whether the risk is acceptable or not, and need to be determined according to the requirements of laws and regulations, organizational policies and objectives.
3 1. Safety and security
The state of being exempt from unacceptable risk of damage.
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1) Safety is a state in which unacceptable risks do not occur. When the risk reaches an unacceptable level, it will form an unsafe state:
-Exceeding the requirements of laws and regulations;
-Other requirements beyond the guidelines, objectives and organizational requirements;
-Exceeding generally accepted (usually implied) requirements, etc.
2) Whether it is safe or not should be judged according to the acceptance of risks. With the change of time and space, the acceptability will also change, thus changing the safety state. So security is a relative concept.
32. Allowable risks Allowable risks
According to the organization's legal obligations and health, safety and environmental policies, the risk has been reduced to an acceptable level for the organization.
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1) Allowable risk is the standard to judge whether the risk is acceptable or not in the process of risk assessment.
2) The basis for judging whether the risk is allowed is the requirements of laws and regulations and the criteria determined by the organization itself.
3) The allowable risk is dynamic and changes with the changes of laws and regulations and the standards set by the organization itself.