Template of Food Science Papers Part I
Exploration on Scientific Model of Food Safety Supervision
Abstract: Food safety is directly related to people's health and also affects the maintenance of stability. Frequent food safety incidents indicate that food safety is in a high-risk period. Through the research on the mechanism and mode of food safety supervision, the scientific supervision mode of food safety supervision is explored.
Keywords: food safety supervision mode
China Library Classification Number: F203 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:1672-5336 (2013) 22-0037-02.
With the remarkable improvement of people's living standards, the importance of food safety as the material basis for people's survival is self-evident. Food safety has developed into a global problem. Strengthen the construction of key societies such as food safety, carry out democratic supervision activities on food safety, and stop rampant counterfeiting and selling. Food safety incidents affect the nerves of countless people. Clenbuterol pork has pushed the food safety problem in China to the forefront. After the incident was exposed, the health supervision department took active actions and went deep into the store for emergency investigation. It is strictly forbidden to add clenbuterol hydrochloride and ractopamine to feed and animal drinking water? Clenbuterol additive. We should always reflect on the deficiencies in food safety supervision.
1 Current situation and problems of food safety supervision in China
1. 1 Potential food safety problems faced by China.
(1) The multi-sector and segmented food safety supervision mode has caused the phenomenon of prevarication and temptation among departments. As a result, it is difficult for China's food safety authorities to fully perform their duties, and the safety evaluation standards are lacking, resulting in serious pesticide residues in agricultural products exceeding the standard. Food poisoning incidents occur from time to time, and many foods processed with agricultural raw materials have hidden dangers.
(2) Pollution of food sources. Veterinary drug residue is the main reason for the decline of meat quality and safety. Drug residues in meat products come from the feeding process. In order to prevent and treat diseases, farmers synchronize medicines with food rations. Some feeds are added with preservatives, antibacterial agents and growth promoters, which are harmful to human body through the food chain. The residue of veterinary drugs or feed additives in food exceeds the standard, which is easy to mutate and threatens people's life and health. Many food enterprises are small in scale and still adopt traditional or manual workshop production. Food production is low in mechanization and standardization, and it is polluted by many harmful substances in the production process. Some enterprises lack sanitary facilities, which is easy to cause collective food poisoning.
1.2 Current food safety supervision system in China
There are many food safety supervision departments in China, and the management is chaotic. It is responsible for the supervision of primary agricultural products at all levels. Sectional supervision? There are obvious defects in the fragmented supervision system. It is foreseeable that the regulatory authorities will be unable to cope with the results.
(1) The standardization and scale of meat processing industry have not yet formed. Retail investors such as acquisition and slaughter can't control it, and there are many loopholes in risk links and industrial chains. It is impossible to fully control the industrial chain of meat food, and food safety may be affected by market price fluctuations at any time, which is very risky. The foundation of food production enterprises is not firm, and the overlapping of powers is inevitable, so it is difficult to form a joint force of food safety supervision.
(2) Consumers' awareness of food safety is not strong. Health norms and hazard analysis and key control systems have not yet been established. Consumers themselves are the last line of defense to ensure food safety? . However, due to insufficient publicity of food safety knowledge, the basic knowledge of food safety is not popularized enough. Food safety lacks an effective accountability system, and food safety enterprises have not formed an effective accountability system for dereliction of duty.
2 scientific supervision mode of food processing
(1) emphasizes risk analysis and prevention. Incorporate meat food safety into risk control management, carry out scientific supervision and monitoring activities, and take it as the basis of risk analysis; The government must change the current supervision mode of food safety and have an authoritative voice to supervise food safety according to product classification. Give full play to the responsibility of local consumers in the food safety system. Drawing lessons from foreign food safety management mode, food safety can be supervised by agricultural departments, and the whole process supervision mode from source to product can change the situation that food supervision in China is kicked by all parties. It is strictly forbidden for food enterprises to carry out OEM production, and the model of hundreds of small workshops under a large enterprise must be eliminated. ? Starting from the existing practical problems, we should break through the shackles of the old system and establish a brand-new scientific supervision model.
(2) Establish an efficient food safety supervision system. First, standardize the quality of production, supervise food hygiene, issue licenses for food production enterprises according to law, conduct random inspection on the hygienic quality of food production and processing, and inspect the business work of food institutions. Avoid mutual restraint and inefficiency among law enforcement agencies. Form a unified and efficient food safety supervision work pattern and establish a unified food safety monitoring operation mechanism. The second is to give the supervision function to the comprehensive supervision of food safety. We have formulated a detailed food safety management plan, clarified and fully played the supervisory and coordinating roles of relevant government departments, strengthened food quality and safety standards and plant quarantine system, and used advanced experience and management methods for reference, so that our system construction has been improved and improved. Then improve the food safety supervision system. Direct legal supervision over the whole process of food production, processing and consumption. Responsible for the administrative protection of food and guiding the business work of testing institutions. Effectively avoid the disadvantages of multi-head law enforcement, low efficiency and ineffective crackdown, and establish an administrative law enforcement system for food safety supervision with coordinated operation and supervision in place.
(3) Establish a food safety monitoring operation mechanism. According to the "Livestock and Poultry Slaughtering and Processing Conditions" and other regulations, animal epidemic prevention shall be strictly quarantined before and after slaughter. The implementation of the meat circulation synchronous detection system, especially to prevent the spread of the epidemic and toxic and harmful products from flowing to the market and entering the dining table, strictly control the entry and exit mechanism of meat subjects, give full play to the capabilities and advantages of testing institutions, and establish credit contact files. Supervise enterprises to strengthen the construction of food quality inspection departments, provide food safety training, and improve the quality and safety management system.
(4) Advocating standardized management of enterprises. Enterprises promote the establishment of good production practices, hazard analysis and critical control point systems. Control the source. Give full play to the detection and processing technology, carry out the activities of establishing food safety and integrity enterprises, and publicize the enterprises that have been well reflected by the society as typical demonstrations through the media. Establish integrity contact files for participating enterprises, reduce the number of inspections, urge enterprises to strengthen the training of quality inspection technicians and testing equipment, and improve the quality and safety management system. Enterprises promote the establishment of good production practices, hazard analysis and critical control point systems. It is necessary to increase the publicity of food safety knowledge. ? Consumers themselves are the last line of defense to ensure food safety? . Strengthening the propaganda of food safety knowledge, popularizing the basic knowledge of food safety and raising consumers' awareness of food safety are the keys to improve the propaganda system of food safety knowledge, continuously improve consumers' awareness of food safety, improve the food safety monitoring mechanism in post-event supervision, and make foods that do not meet safety standards withdraw from the market.
refer to
[1] Li, Chen Qingchuan. A new mode to realize food safety through food risk analysis [N]. China Guomen Times (report on the epidemic situation of entry-exit inspection in China).
[2] Guo Bin. Thoughts on food safety legislation and the reform of current food safety supervision mechanism [J]. chinese primary health care. 2005，(2)。
[3] Li Haijin. Focus on building a long-term mechanism for food safety supervision [J]. China Food and Drug Administration. 2005，( 12)。
[4] Pan Wen. Causes and countermeasures of food safety problems in China [J]. Cooperative economy and technology. 2006 (4)。
Food science paper template 2
Nutritional fortified food and its scientific consumption
Abstract: With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, more and more people begin to favor nutritionally fortified foods which contain various nutrients and can prevent various chronic diseases. This paper introduces nutrition-fortified food and its scientific consumption.
[Keywords:] Nutrition-fortified food consumption
With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, many people now pay attention to the health and nutrition of diet. They not only pay attention to the color, smell, taste and shape of food, but also pay more attention to the nutritional function of food. Therefore, more and more people begin to favor nutritionally fortified foods that contain various nutrients and can prevent various chronic diseases.
First of all, correctly understand fortified food.
According to the nutritional needs of different people, the process of adding one or more nutrients to natural food to improve the nutritional value of food is called food nutrition fortification. This fortified food is called nutritional fortified food, the added nutrients are called nutritional fortifiers, and the foods that need to be added with nutritional fortifiers are called culture medium foods. Iodized salt and breast-fed formula milk powder are nutritionally fortified foods.
Second, the purpose of strengthening food nutrition
1. Supplement the deficiency of natural nutrients in some foods
For example, adding essential amino acids such as lysine to rice flour, and adding vitamin C to foods rich in high-quality protein such as milk, meat, poultry, eggs, etc. can supplement the nutritional components lacking in natural foods and greatly improve the nutritional value of foods.
2. Supplement the nutrients lost during the storage, processing and transportation of food.
Most foods will lose some nutrients in different degrees during storage, processing and transportation, such as the loss of vitamins during rice milling and milling. The higher the processing accuracy, the greater the loss. Therefore, it is of great significance to add B vitamins to refined white rice flour.
Step 3 simplify diet therapy
No food contains all the nutrients the human body needs. If you want to get comprehensive nutrition, you must eat a variety of foods at the same time, but the purchase and production of raw materials are more troublesome. With the accelerated pace of life, people are increasingly inclined to fast food and convenience food with generally insufficient or unbalanced nutrition. If proper nutrients are strengthened in a targeted way, comprehensive nutrition can be obtained by eating less foods, thus simplifying diet therapy.
4. Meet the special nutritional needs of different groups of people
For people of different ages, genders, working nature, working environment and different physiological and pathological conditions, their nutritional needs are different, and different fortified foods can meet their needs respectively. For example, breast-fed formula milk powder takes milk as raw material, and through strengthening vitamins, adding whey protein, unsaturated fatty acids and lactose, the composition is close to breast milk, which is more suitable for infant feeding.
5. Prevention and reduction of malnutrition
Strengthening food nutrition is of great significance for improving people's nutritional deficiency and preventing and reducing nutritional deficiency diseases. For example, taking salt iodization measures for residents in iodine-deficient areas can effectively prevent iodine deficiency disorders, using vitamin B 1 to prevent beriberi in rice-eating areas, and using vitamin C to supplement vitamin C intake in northern areas in the season of lack of fresh vegetables and fruits.
Third, the main nutritionally fortified foods on the market at present.
Looking at the current food market, strengthening the variety of foods has become a new trend in the food industry. At present, China has basically identified salt, flour, rice, edible oil, soy sauce, condiments, dairy products and children's supplementary food as the carriers for implementing the nutrition strengthening strategy. The main nutritional fortified foods in the market are vitamin A, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, vitamin D, etc. Foods fortified with minerals such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc; Amino acid fortified foods, such as lysine.
Four, scientific selection of fortified foods should follow the principles.
1. correlation principle
Everyone has different genetic factors, physical condition, age, living environment, nutritional status and other conditions. Therefore, when buying fortified foods, we must first understand the health status of consumers, and then master the natural food sources of fortified foods and the dietary collocation of consumers. It is best for a doctor to check and diagnose a nutritional deficiency, and then choose the corresponding fortified food.
2. The principle of balance
The nutrients ingested by the human body should form a relative balance with the physiological needs of the body, and the supplements of various nutrients must be reasonable, not partial eclipse or excessive. There is a very complicated relationship between various nutrients in food, and all kinds of nutrients have a certain content and proportion in human body.
3. The principle of gradual progress
If there are multiple nutritional deficiencies at the same time, it should be strengthened step by step in a planned way. Which nutrient is the most deficient, which one should be strengthened first, and then the other nutrient should be strengthened after the deficiency of this nutrient is corrected. For example, when children are deficient in iron and zinc at the same time, they can generally take iron agents or foods that strengthen iron first, and then eat foods that supplement zinc after anemia is corrected.
4. Safety principle
When buying fortified food, you must go to a regular shopping mall, choose the food approved by the state and accepted by the health department within the shelf life, read the instructions on the food packaging carefully, and pay attention to its quality problems. Ordinary people had better choose fortified foods promoted by the National Nutrition Improvement Project.
5. Matters needing attention when selecting nutritionally fortified foods
1. Understand the nutritional needs and requirements of human body.
To understand the reference intake of nutrients recommended by China Nutrition Society for China residents in different age groups and special groups, and make a preliminary judgment on some nutritional deficiencies according to their own physical conditions, so as to purposefully choose foods containing corresponding nutritional fortifiers.
2. Choose a reasonable intensive dose.
Only when the absorbable nutrients in food are insufficient, the missing part needs to be supplemented by nutritionally fortified foods. Otherwise, excessive intake of one nutrient will lead to decreased absorption or increased excretion of other nutrients. Too much calcium intake will lead to an increase in phosphorus excretion, too much sugar intake will lead to an increase in vitamin B 1 consumption, and too much zinc supplementation will reduce iron absorption. Therefore, we should choose the right amount of fortified food, neither lacking nor excessive intake.
3. Avoid blindly choosing fortified foods.
It is necessary to choose fortified foods according to different situations. For example, people who eat too fine a diet, often eat refined rice noodles, and like to eat rice instead of soup are likely to lead to the lack of vitamin B 1; Children with loss of appetite, yellow hair and pica may lack zinc; Children under 3 years old, pregnant women, and women with excessive menstrual flow should be properly supplemented with iron; People who eat less animal foods can choose vitamin A and vitamin B2 fortified foods.
There is a time limit for eating fortified food.
The nutritional status of human body is changing at any time, and fortified food is not suitable for long-term consumption like ordinary food. If the deficiency of a certain nutrient has been alleviated, the drug should be stopped in time and replaced with natural food to supplement sufficient nutrients, so as to avoid destroying the balance between a certain nutrient and other nutrients due to excessive intake, thereby increasing the metabolic burden of tissues and organs.
5. nutritionally fortified foods should not be used to replace ordinary foods.
Although fortified food can supplement some nutrients, the main and best source of various nutrients needed by the human body should be a reasonable diet. We should strongly advocate eating all kinds of food provided by nature, as long as the food is diversified, sufficient in quantity, high in quality, complete in nutrition, reasonable in cooking and processing, and all kinds of nutrients needed by the human body can be obtained in a balanced way.
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